LectureNotes3.1 - Doors

Interior Construction 2 3.
1 1

Lecture 3.1 Doors

A door is a moveable barrier secured in a wall opening.

Doors provide access into a buildings interior from the exterior and passage between
interior spaces. Exterior doors should provide weather tight seals when closed. Interior
doors provide for passage, visual privacy and sound control between interior spaces.

Functions of Door :

Controls the physical atmosphere within a space by enclosing it, so that interiors
may be more effectively heated or cooled.
It act as a barrier to noise.
It admit ventilation and light.
Used to screen areas of a building for aesthetic purposes, keeping formal and
utility areas separate.
Doors are significant in preventing the spread of fire.

Components of a Door :

Door Shutter

Interior Construction 2 3.1 2

Sizes of Doors :

A) Residential

External door 1000mm x 2000mm to 1100mm x 2000mm
Internal door 900mm x 2000mm to 1000mm x 2000mm
Bath & WC 700mm x 2000mm to 900mm x 2000mm
Garages for cars 2250mm x 2250 mm to 2500mm x 2250mm

B) Public
1200mm x 2000mm / 1200mm x 2100mm / 1200mm x 2500mm

Door Frames

Materials used for door frames
Timber
Steel
Aluminium
Concrete
Stone

Concrete Frame

Timber Frame

Aluminium Frame

Types of Doors:

Hinged Doors
- Flush Door
- Fire Door
- Glazed Door
- Louvered Door
- Panel Door
- Match Board Door

Sliding Doors
Swing Doors
Revolving Doors
Collapsible Doors
Rolling shutter
Pocket Doors

1) Hinged Doors

- Most doors are hinged along one side to allow the door to pivot in one
direction but not in the other.
- The most common door type. It is simple and rigid.
- The panel swings, opens and closes on hinges.
- Hinged doors require a minimum amount of maintenance and cleaning.
- Hinged doors are not expensive and have an excellent insulating ability.
- However, it take up precious room space to swing in.


Hinged Doors:

A) Flush Door
They are simply doors with a completely flat
surface on both sides. They are lighter and
cheaper than other types. Flush doors can
come in solid format which the door is made of
solid wood or hollow format which the door is
lightweight and comprised of two layers of thin
timber. The core is covered with either
hardboard or plywood on both sides.

Two Types of Flush Doors:

Solid Core
Hollow Core

Solid core Door

1. Consists of strip of solid wood glued together
and covered by plywood facing.

2. Hardwood edging or lipping to the cover to
prevent damaged at the plywood edges.

3. Such doors are quite strong but heavy. It also
provide better sound insulation and have less
tendency to warp.

Interior Construction 2 3.1

Hollow core Door

2. Top, bottom and middle rails joined to
the stiles by mortise and tenon.

3.1

1. Timber frames consists of stiles,
top rail,
rail and intermediate rails

Top, bottom and middle rails joined to
the stiles by mortise and tenon.
3.1 5
Timber frames consists of stiles,
rail, Middle rail, bottom
intermediate rails.

5. Hardwood edging or lipping to cover the core and the plywood

3.1

3. Ventilation holes or trench to be provided at
the rails to prevent air from being trapped
inside the gap which will cause bulging of the
facings.

4. Lock block for fixing the lock

Hardwood edging or lipping to cover the core and the plywood
3.1 6
Ventilation holes or trench to be provided at
the rails to prevent air from being trapped
inside the gap which will cause bulging of the
the lock.
Hardwood edging or lipping to cover the core and the plywood.


B) Fire Door
To resist the spread of fire for the period of hr or 1 hr depending on size and
type of building.

3.1

3.1 8


C) Glazed Door (Sash door)

1. Term used in securing the glass in doors is called Glazing.
2. This type of door is used in residential and public buildings.
3. Function of glazed door is to admit natural light
4. Doors can be made fully glazed or partly glazed.
Eg. Entrance doors and shop front doors

Full glazed door

glazed door


D) Louvred Door

1. A louverd door has fixed or movable wooden louvers which permit open
ventilation while preserving privacy..
2. It is most commonly used for bath and WC where good ventilation is desired.
3. The door may be louvered to its full height or may be partly louvered.
4. Louvred slats are set at 45 degrees for external and 60 degrees for internal
use.
5. Timber louvred doors are used increasingly because of their pleasing
appearance.
6. However, louvred door are difficult to clean.


Methods of securing the louvred slats to the stiles through housing joint and
stopped housing joint.

Stopped housing joint

Through
housing
joint


E) Panel Door

1. These types of doors are widely used all
types of buildings since they are
strong and give better appearance.

2. Panel doors consist of vertical members
called stiles and horizontal members
called rails.

3. Stiles and rails form the framework into which
Panels are inserted.

4. Panels may be solid wood, plywood,
particleboard or louvered or have glass inserts.

5. The panels are not glued to the framing so that they may expand and
contract with changes in moisture content.

6. Additional vertical members called
into any number of panels.

3.1
These types of doors are widely used all
types of buildings since they are
strong and give better appearance.
2. Panel doors consist of vertical members
and horizontal members
Stiles and rails form the framework into which
Panels are inserted.
4. Panels may be solid wood, plywood,
particleboard or louvered or have glass inserts.
contract with changes in moisture content.
Additional vertical members called muntin are used to
any number of panels.

7. The lock rail is placed that its centre is at
the height of 800
bottom of the shutter.

3.1 13

are used to divide the door

The lock rail is placed that its centre is at
-900mm from the
bottom of the shutter.

Various Types of Panel Doors

3.1
Various Types of Panel Doors

3.1 14

Types of Joints for Panel Doors

Types of Panels

3.1
anel Doors
3.1 15

Moulding (Beading)

1. Long and ornamental surfaces with uniform cross section and a profile shaped to
add decorative features.
2. Give the desired highlights, shadow line and gradations of shadow

Door moundling


Types of Moulding :

1. Planted moulds:
separate piece nailed around the inside
edge of the framing, do not rise above the surface of the framing and the
planted moulding are mainly for security reasons.

2. Bolection moulds:
separate piece planted around the inside edge between the framing and the
panels for aesthetic reasons


Moulding profiles


Moulding Details


Fixing of panels to the stiles and rails

1. Panels are fitted into grooves in the framing, glass panels fitted into rebated and
nailed into place with beading or moulding.

2. Planted beads or moulds on
this allow one to remove or replace glass panels easily
would not be susceptible to decay

3.1
Fixing of panels to the stiles and rails
Panels are fitted into grooves in the framing, glass panels fitted into rebated and
place with beading or moulding.
Planted beads or moulds on the inside of the door :
would not be susceptible to decay
3.1 20
Panels are fitted into grooves in the framing, glass panels fitted into rebated and

F) MatchBoard Door

1. Used as external doors for stores and machine rooms.

2. Consists of a matchboard face fixed to timber framework, not attractive in
appearance.

3. The framework consists of vertical styles, 3 horizontal ledges and 2
inclined braces.

4. Braces increases the rigidity of the door.

5. The door is hung to a frame by T-hinges of iron.


Matchboard Door

Framed, Ledged and Braced door

1. Consists of a frame - 2 stiles and top rail, middle and bottom rail and 2 parallel
braces



2) Sliding Doors

1. Sliding glass doors are common in places where there is no space to
swing the door.
2. Sliding doors consist of either one, two or three doors that slide by each
other on a track depending upon the size of opening and space available
for sliding.
3. Sliding doors are pretty easily cleaned and maintained.
4. These doors have rather poor sound insulation.
5. The door is hung by two trolley hangers at the top of the door running in a
conceal track while at the bottom, rollers are provided to slide the shutter
in a channel track.


3) Swing Doors

1. The shutter is fitted to its frame by a special double action hinges. The
hinges permits the shutter to move both ways, inward as well as outward.

2. To open the door, a slight push is made and the spring action brings the
shutter in closed position.


4) Revolving Doors

1. Such types are provided in public buildings, like banks, museums, hotels
offices etc.

2. A revolving door normally has four wings/leaves that hang on a center
shaft and rotate one way about a vertical axis within a round enclosure.

3. People can walk out of and into the building at the same time.

4. The door closes automatically when not in use.

5. Revolving doors typically have a speed control to prevent people from
spinning the doors too fast.


5) Collapsible Doors

1. Such doors are used in garages, workshops, warehouses, etc. to provide
increased safety and protection to property.
2. The doors do not require hinges to close or open the shutter nor the frame
to hang them.
3. It acts like a steel curtain.
4. The door is made up from vertical double channels joined together.
5. These channels are spaced at 100-120mm apart and braced with diagonal
iron flats.
6. The diagonals allow the shutter to open and closed.
7. The shutter operate between two rails, one fixed to the floor and other to
the lintel.
8. Rollers are mounted at the top and bottom.

Diagonal iron flats

Double channel joined together


6) Rolling Shutter

1. These are commonly used for shops, warehouses, stores etc.
2. The doors shutter acts like a curtain and thus provides adequate
protection and safety against fire and thefts.
3. The shutter is made up of thin steel slabs called slates about 1.25mm
thick interlocked to each other and coiled upon a specially designed pipe
shaft called drum and mounted at the top.
4. These may be manually or motorized operated.



7) Pocket Door

1. A pocket door is a sliding door that disappears, when fully open, into a
compartment in the adjacent wall.
2. Pocket doors are used when there is no room for the swing of a hinged
door.
3. They usually travel on rollers suspended from an overhead track, although
some also feature tracks or guides along the floor.
4. Both single- and double-door versions are used, depending on how wide
an entry is desired.



References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Door
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swing-door_operator
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folding_door
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliding_door
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolving_door_(politics)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roller_shutter

Prepared By : Maggie Tan
For Diploma in Design (Interior and Landscape)
Subject : Interior Construction II
Date : 30 June 2014

LectureNotes3.1 - Doors

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