Circuit Analysis I

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Uniten - Zaipatimah Ali Circuit Analysis I 1
Circuit Analysis 1 Circuit Analysis 1 Circuit Analysis 1 Circuit Analysis 1
EEEB EEEB EEEB EEEB 113 113 113 113
Chapter 2-Lecture 1
Basic Laws
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Introduction
In this chapter, you will learn the followings:
Ohms Law
Nodes, Branches, and Loops
Kirchhoffs Laws
Series Resistors and Voltage Division
Parallel Resistors and Current Division
Wye-Delta Transformations
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Basic Laws
This chapter 2 will be covered in 4 lecture hours.
In this lecture, you will learn the following topics:
Ohms Law
Nodes, Branches, and Loops
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Introduction
At the end of this lecture you should be able to :
Explain the Ohms Law
Calculate the Ohms Law
Apply the Ohms Law into the circuit problem
Explain the difference between nodes, branch and
loops
Explain the difference between series and parallel
connection
Explain and calculate the voltage.
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Ohms Law
Definition:
Ohms law states that the voltage across a resistor is
directly proportional to the current flowing through the
resistor.
Thus, Ohms law is written as:
where i is the current and R is the resistance and has unit
ohms.
R i v =
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Ohms Law
There are two extreme possible values of R:
a) Short Circuit when R = 0,
b) Open Circuit when R = .
Short Circuit:
When R=0, then
The voltage, v=iR = 0,
But the current i,
is NOT equal to zero.
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Ohms Law
Open Circuit:
When R= ,
The voltage, v = iR = ,
which the circuit is opened.
Thus, the current i is zero
because the circuit is
opened and the current
cannot flow.
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Ohms Law
Resistance is the ability of an element to resist a flow of
current and has units ohms ().
Conductance is the ability of an element to conduct
current and has units mhos or siemens (S).
The relationship between resistance and conductance is
v
i
R
1
G = =
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Ohms Law
Example:
The essential component of a toaster is an
electrical element ( a resistor) that converts
electrical energy to heat energy. How much
current is drawn by a toaster with resistance 12
ohms at 110 V?
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Ohms Law
Exercise:
For the circuit shown, calculate the voltage v,
the conductance G and the power p.
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Nodes, Branches and Loops
Definitions:
Branch represent a single element for
example resistor.
Node point to connect one or more
branches.
- denoted as dot.
Loop closed path in a circuit.
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Nodes, Branches and Loops
Any element can be connected either in series or in
parallel.
Series : Two or more elements in series if:
a) They share a single node.
b) Carry the same current.
Parallel : Two or more elements in parallel if:
a) They share the same two node.
b) Have the same voltage.
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Nodes, Branches and Loops
Example:
Determine the number of branches and nodes in
the circuit and identify the elements that are in
series and in parallel.
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Nodes, Branches and Loops
Example:
Determine the number
of branches and nodes
in the circuit and
identify the elements
that are in series and in
parallel.
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Conclusion
We have covered the following topics in this lecture:
Ohms Law
Nodes, Branches, and Loops
Now, the students should be able to
Apply Ohms law when solving circuit problems
Identify nodes, branches and loops
Identify series and parallel connection