366

THEORY
OF
AllCHITECTUKK.
Book U.
ir>97. Ilaviiif,'
drawn the lines lioiutofon;
(lesfrlljeil, we shall find mLx A B exi)res:.ed
in the formula by
p
= 26-7
X 21,
whi'-h gives
-
- - 5^0-70
Andfor2/>
-
-
-
-
lKl-40
EH
=
TI
=
KL= KV, expressed by d, will he
- 45-60
Hence 2/W
- -
-
;
5113-584
2e, which is twice the vertical effort of the lower part of
the arch,
multiplied by
i
AB,
will be 45-Gx21 x 21,
which gives
- -
" "
2me. which indicated
twice the vertical effort of the upper
part, multiplied by iK, will be
18-9 x 21 x 2 x 8-4, which
20J09-60
g.ves
- -
-.
- GG(;7-92
a, which represents the height of the
piers, bemg 1 95,
and
i
=
w + M=0-4-5 X
21 =1354-5,
-
will become
-"j'gs"^
- " '''^^
And all these values being
substituted in the formula, will give
x=
n/ii2I-40
+
'-^^^^^^^^^^,'95^^=^^^^^
+
48-163-694 = 2S-62 lines,
instead of 28^,
before found.
Geometrical
Application
of
the foregoing.
1398. Let the mean curve TKG
of the arch (whatever its form) he traced as in
fi;'s.
573, 574., the secant TO
perpendicularly to the curve of the arch, and through the
j/amt K, where the secant cuts the mean curve, having drawn the horizontal line IKL, and
raised from the point B a
vertical line meeting the horizontal IKL in the point i, make
Km equal to iK, and set the
part jhL from B to h. and then the double thickness of the
arch from B to n. Let hn be divided hito two equal parts at the point d, from which as a
centre with a radius equal to half /(//, describe the semi-circumference of a circle which will
cut in E the horizontal line BA
prolonj^ed. The part BE will indicate the thickness to be
given to the piers of the arches to enable them to resist the thrust.
1399. Tlie truth of the method above given depends upon the graphio solution of t >e
following problem: To find the side BE of a square which shall be equal to a given sur-
face 'Lx2e; an expression which is equivalent to 2/),
and we have already seen that
x= \"2p was a limit near enough ;
hence we may conclude that the thickness BE obtained
by the geometrical method will be sufficiently near in all cases.
Experiments on surmounted Arches.
1400. Tlie interior curve of
fig.
574. is that of a semi-ellipsis 81 lines high
;
it is divided
into four parts by an ujjright joint in the crown and two others towards the middle of the
hamiches determined by the secant EO, perpendicular to the interior part of the curve.
Having traced the mean circumference GKT, the horizontal IKL, and thevertic.il hi,
we she'll find
KL
- - - - - 36?
IK
- - - - .21?
iK - - - - -
I'l
IT
- - - - -
6(,i
MK=d
- - - -
19
The effect of the thrust indicated by KL-)K =/hL will be
19.J
X 9, which gives for the expression
^j
of the formula -
175*5
2p
therefore
- - - -351-0
d being 66-5, Qpd will be 351 x 66-5, which gives -
23341 5
m, which is KM x AB, will be 19 x 9,
which gives -
171-0
c, that is,iK,beingl7i
lines, wehave2me
= 171 x 17^
x 2,
which
gives
- - - -
5899-50
The height of the piers a - - -
12000
by which expresses the sum of the vertical efforts in +
n. will be
equal to MK + IT x AB or 19 +
66* x 9,
which gives -
769-50
Hence
^=-{|^,
which gives
- - - 6-41
And
2
gives
-
- - - 41-11
, < 1
/Z.
2pd2mc
.
6'^
6
Substituting these
values m the formula, x=
v^
2p +
-^^ +
^2
-.
We have the er^uation
* =
v^SSl +
'J^^^^^
+ 41
-1
1
-
6
-4
1
= 1 b'-T?