Android Course

2011 University of Science HCM City

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M.Sc. Bui Tan Loc
btloc@fit.hcmus.edu.vn

Department of Software Engineering,
Faculty of Information Technology,
University of Science Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
Networking with Android
Android Course
2011 University of Science HCM City
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Objectives
After completing this module, you will able to:
Send and receive data between client and server.

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Android Course
2011 University of Science HCM City
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Contents
Using TCP
Using UDP
Using HTTP Get Request
Using HTTP Post Request
Using HttpURLConnection
Using URLConnection
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Android Course
2011 University of Science HCM City
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Note
Working with Network requires the following
permissions in AndroidManifest.xml:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>
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2011 University of Science HCM City
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Android SDK networking packages
Package Description
java.net Provides networking-related classes, including stream
and datagram sockets, Internet Protocol, and generic
HTTP handling. This is the multipurpose networking
resource. Experienced Java developers can create
applications right away with this familiar package.
java.io Though not explicitly networking, it's very important.
Classes in this package are used by sockets and
connections provided in other Java packages. They're
also used for interacting with local files (a frequent
occurrence when interacting with the network).
java.nio Contains classes that represent buffers of specific data
types. Handy for network communications between two
Java language-based end points.
org.apache.* Represents a number of packages that provide fine
control and functions for HTTP communications. You
might recognize Apache as the popular open source Web
server.
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Android Course
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Android SDK networking packages

Package Description
android.net Contains additional network access sockets beyond the
core java.net.* classes. This package includes the URI
class, which is used frequently in Android application
development beyond traditional networking.
android.net.http Contains classes for manipulating SSL certificates.
android.net.wifi Contains classes for managing all aspects of WiFi (802.11
wireless Ethernet) on the Android platform. Not all
devices are equipped with WiFi capability, particularly as
Android makes headway in the "flip-phone" strata of cell
phones from manufacturers like Motorola and LG.
android.telephony.gsm Contains classes required for managing and sending SMS
(text) messages. Over time, an additional package will
likely be introduced to provide similar functions on non-
GSM networks, such as CDMA, or something like
android.telephony.cdma.
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Socket
API for applications to read and write data from TCP/IP
or UDP/IP
File abstraction (open, read, write, close)
TCP:
connection-oriented protocol
monitor error-free delivery
slower than UDP
UDP:
connectionless protocol
not monitor error-free delivery
faster than TCP
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Ports
The so called well known ports are those ports in the
range of 0 to 1023 only the operating system or an
Administrator of the system can access these. They are
used for common services such as web servers (port 80)
or e-mail servers (port 25).
Registered Ports are in the range of 1024 to 49151.
Sun's NEO Object Request Broker: port numbers 1047 and 1048.
Shockwave: port number 1626.
Dynamic and/or Private Ports are those from 49152
through 65535 and are open for use without restriction.

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Android Course
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Getting the ip address of your phone's network
private String getLocalIpAddress() {
try {
for (Enumeration<NetworkInterface> en = NetworkInterface
.getNetworkInterfaces(); en.hasMoreElements();) {
NetworkInterface intf = en.nextElement();
for (Enumeration<InetAddress> enumIpAddr = intf
.getInetAddresses(); enumIpAddr.hasMoreElements();) {
InetAddress inetAddress = enumIpAddr.nextElement();
if (!inetAddress.isLoopbackAddress()) {
return inetAddress.getHostAddress().toString();
}
}
}
} catch (SocketException ex) {
Log.e(DEBUG", ex.toString());
}
return null;
}
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Android Course
2011 University of Science HCM City
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Using TCP

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Android Course
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Creating a connection at client-side
Using IP Address:
Socket client =new Socket("10.0.2.15", Integer.parseInt("9999"));
Using local IP Address:
String ip = getLocalIpAddress();
Socket client =new Socket(ip, Integer.parseInt("9999"));
Using server name (DNS):
Socket client =new Socket(www.mycomputer.net", 9999);
Using host name:
InetAddress serverAddr = InetAddress.getByName(10.0.2.15");
serverAddr = InetAddress.getByName(www.mycomputer.net");
Socket client=new Socket(serverAddr, Integer.parseInt(port));
Using local host name:
serverAddr = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
Socket client=new Socket(serverAddr, Integer.parseInt(port));
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Android Course
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Creating a connection at client-side
try {
InetAddress serverAddr = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
Socket client=new Socket(serverAddr,Integer.parseInt(port));
// Socket is now ready to send and receive data

// close connection
client.close();
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
// write e.getMessage() to logcat
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
// write e.getMessage() to logcat
} catch (IOException e) {
// write e.getMessage() to logcat
}
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Android Course
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Receiving a connection request at server-side
try {
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true) {
Socket server = ss.accept();
Log.d("TCP Server", "Client Connect");
// Socket is now ready to send and receive data

// close connection
server.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
// Write e.getMessage() to logcat
}
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Android Course
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Sending data
Using BufferedWriter:
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new InputStreamReader(os));
Using PrintWriter:
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(os, true);

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Android Course
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Receiving data
Using BufferedReader:
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
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Android Course
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Sending and Receiving data at server-side
ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true) {
Socket server = ss.accept();
Log.d("TCP Server", "Client Connect");

InputStream is = server.getInputStream();
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader( is));
String a = br.readLine();
String b = br.readLine();

OutputStream os = server.getOutputStream();
PrintWriter pr = new PrintWriter(os, true);
float c = Float.parseFloat(a) + Float.parseFloat(b);
pr.println(c);

server.close();
}
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Sending and Receiving data at client-side
InetAddress serverAddr = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
Socket client = new Socket(serverAddr, Integer.parseInt(port));

OutputStream os = client.getOutputStream();
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(os, true);
pw.println(a);
pw.println(b);

InputStream is = client.getInputStream();
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
output = br.readLine();

client.close();
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Android Course
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Using UDP

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Android Course
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Sending and Receiving data at server-side
/* Retrieve the ServerName */
InetAddress serverAddr = InetAddress.getByName(SERVERIP);
/* Create new UDP-Socket */
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(SERVERPORT, serverAddr);
/* By magic we know, how much data will be waiting for us */
byte[] buf = new byte[17];

/* Prepare a UDP-Packet that can
* contain the data we want to receive */
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length);

/* Receive the UDP-Packet */
socket.receive(packet);
InetAddress clientAddr = packet.getAddress();
int clientPort = packet.getPort();
String s = "Thanks";
buf = s.getBytes();
packet = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length, clientAddr, clientPort);
socket.send(packet);
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Android Course
2011 University of Science HCM City
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Sending and Receiving data at client-side
// Retrieve the ServerName
InetAddress serverAddr = InetAddress.getByName(SERVERIP);
/* Create new UDP-Socket */
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();

/* Prepare some data to be sent. */
byte[] buf = ("Hello from Client").getBytes();

/* Create UDP-packet with
* data & destination(url+port) */
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buf, buf.length,
serverAddr, SERVERPORT);

/* Send out the packet */
socket.send(packet);

socket.receive(packet);
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Android Course
2011 University of Science HCM City
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Using HTTP Get Request
HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpGet request = new HttpGet();
request.setURI(new URI("http://w3mentor.com/"));
HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response.getEntity()
.getContent()));
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("");
String line = "";
String NL = System.getProperty("line.separator");
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(line + NL);
}
in.close();
String page = sb.toString();
System.out.println(page);
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Android Course
2011 University of Science HCM City
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Using HTTP Get Request
HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpGet method = new
HttpGet("http://w3mentor.com/download.aspx?key=valueGoesHere");
client.execute(method);
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Android Course
2011 University of Science HCM City
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Using HTTP Post Request
HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
HttpPost request = new HttpPost("http://w3mentor.com/Upload.aspx");
List<NameValuePair> postParameters = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
postParameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("filename", "xyz"));
UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(
postParameters);
request.setEntity(formEntity);
HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);
in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response.getEntity()
.getContent()));
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer("");
String line = "";
String NL = System.getProperty("line.separator");
while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(line + NL);
}
in.close();
String result = sb.toString();
return result;
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Android Course
2011 University of Science HCM City
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Using HttpURLConnection
URL url = new URL("http://www.developer.android.com");
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
// Get the response
BufferedReader rd = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
conn.getInputStream()));
String line = "";
while ((line = rd.readLine()) != null) {
// do something
}
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Android Course
2011 University of Science HCM City
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Using URLConnection
URL url = new URL("http://www.developer.android.com");
URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
// Get the response
BufferedReader rd = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
conn.getInputStream()));
String line = "";
while ((line = rd.readLine()) != null) {
// do something
}
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Android Course
2011 University of Science HCM City
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Questions or Discussions

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Android Course
2011 University of Science HCM City
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References & Further readings
Networking with Android
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/library/os-android-
networking/
http://www.java2s.com/Code/Android/Network/CatalogNetwork.htm
Android Http Services
http://w3mentor.com/learn/category/java/android-
development/android-http-services/
Android Http Access
http://www.vogella.com/articles/AndroidNetworking/article.html
Socket Programming
http://www.edumobile.org/android/android-development/socket-
programming/
Socket Programming in Android Applications
http://android10.org/index.php/articlesgeneralprogramming/262-
socket-programming-in-android-applications
Android Emulator as server in Socket communication
http://www.coderanch.com/t/434412/Android/Mobile/Android-
Emulator-as-server-Socket
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