Written Assignment Axial Skeleton and Associated Muscles

Some of the figures in these notes are in color, so it will be helpful to print them out
in color or view them on your computer screen.
Remember to bring the completed assignment to lab so your TA can check it.
You will receive no credit for this assignment if it is not handed in during the
first 10 minutes of lab NO EXCEPTIONS!


Axial Skeleton and Associated Muscles

1) Label the general bones that make up the axial skeleton on the figure below.






Skull
Ossciles (inner ear)
Hyoid Bone

Rib Cage
Vertebral column


















2) The joints that connect the bones of the skull are called ___sutures____________________.


3) Name one muscle in the skull that is named for its location. What is the location of this
muscle?
A muscle that is named for its location is pectoralis major; it is located in the chest.

4) Name one muscle in the skull that is named for its function. What is its function?

A muscle that is named for its function is the extensor digitorum; it extends the phalanges,
wrist, and then the elbow.

Histology of Compact Bone

5) On the histology image below label the following structures:

Osteon
Lacunae
Concentric Lamella
Canaliculi
Central Canal




















Bones of the Human Skull

6) The human skull is made of up 8 ____cranium________________ bones, that function to

_____________protect the brain_________________________________________________________ and 14

_______facial____________________ bones that function to

___protect brain/house and protect sense organs, provide a frame
___________________________________________________________________________________.


7) Draw a sketch of the sphenoid bone and its lesser and greater wings.









Vertebral Column

8) On the figure below, label the regions and structures of the vertebral column. For each
region, list the number of vertebrae in that region and one identifying feature of the
vertebrae in that region.






Muscle Terminology and Actions

9) Describe the origin vs. the insertion of a muscle in three different ways:


A.


B.


C.












10) In the figures below, label an example of:

Flexion
Extension
Plantar flexion
Dorsiflexion
Supination
Pronation










11) What do you think is the basis for the name of the cat Xiphihumeralis muscle? Be
specific.




Comparison of Human and Cat Muscles

12) List 3 notable differences between the musculature of humans and cats.

A. Pectoralis major is smaller than the minor in cats; opposite in humans


B. Cats trapezius muscle is three parts as opposed to being one in the human


C. Deltoid is in two parts in the cat; one in the human