Advancedmodule

Advanced Module
LIMITED CIRCULATION
ENGLISH FOR MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE

_____________________________________
SELF ACCESS
LEARNING
ADVANCED MODULE
BAHAGIAN PENDIDIKAN GURU

KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA
Advanced Module
Bahagian Pendidikan Guru

Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia
Aras 2 6, Blok E 13
Kompleks Kerajaan Parcel E
Pusat Pentadbiran Persekutuan
62604 PUTRAJAYA
Hak cipta terpelihara. Tidak dibenarkan mengeluar ulang mana-mana

bahagian isi kandungan modul ini dalam apa juga bentuk dan dengan
apa juga cara sama ada elektronik, fotostat, mekanik, rakaman atau
cara lain sebelum mendapat izin bertulis daripad Bahagian
pendidikan Guru, Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia Aras 2 6, Blok E
13, Kompleks Kerajaan Parcel E, Pusat Pentadbiran Persekutuan,
62604 PUTRAJAYA.
Hakcipta Bahagian Pendidikan Guru

Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia
Cetakan Pertama 2007
Self Access Learning
Advanced Module
FOREWORD
T
he Teacher Education Division, Ministry of Education Malaysia with the cooperation of all
State Education Departments, have embarked on the implementation of the Teaching of
Mathematics and Science in English (ETeMS) course since 2002. To date, a total of
120,000 Mathematics and Science teachers from primary and secondary schools have
been successfully trained by our own local trainers.
Although we are happy with this development, we will not be satisfied until all the
Mathematics and Science teachers are truly competent in the language. The Teacher
Education Division tries to find ways to assist the teachers concerned. The idea of
coming up with these Self Access Modules is to provide more ongoing training and
support to ensure the success of this programme.
The main focus of these modules is to develop and enhance teachers proficiency. It also
aims to encourage independent learning and autonomy through self-access tasks.
Without the teachers determination and commitment to complete the tasks, our hope will
ring hollow.
The success of these modules will undoubtedly bring about improvement in the teachers
competency in the English Language. Teachers should try to do something beyond what
they have already mastered as mastery is gained through practice. By the same token,
teachers should seize this opportunity, make every obstacles a challenge, turn
challenges into opportunities in enhancing their level of English proficiency.
I do hope that the planning and execution of these modules will serve to enhance self
development through self-access learning. It is hoped that these modules will be fully
utilised and beneficial to all teachers to upgrade their proficiency level to teach Science
and Mathematics in English.
I would like to express my sincere thanks and appreciation to those involved for their
commitment and teamwork in producing these modules. Likewise I hope that this
initiative will grow in scope and make a greater impact from the small yet significant
beginnings we make today.
Thank you.
..
WAN MUSTAMA BIN WAN ABDUL HAYAT
DIRECTOR OF TEACHER EDUCATION DIVISION
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MALAYSIA
Advanced Module
COORDINATOR
En. Romai Noor bin Rabbu
Teacher Education Division
Ministry Of Education, Malaysia
MODULE WRITERS:
Fazhuda Binti Abd Aziz
Institut Perguruan Bahasa
Antarabangsa, Kuala Lumpur
Asliza Binti Mahmud

SK Batu Tiga, Kuantan,
Pahang
Ghazali Bin Abdullah

Institut Perguruan Tun Hussien Onn,
Johor
Aliza Binti Ahad

SK Tanjung Keramat,
Kuala Selangor, Selangor
Laily Binti Yahya

Institut Perguruan Teknik,
Kuala Lumpur
Chong Voon Hui

SMK Seremban Jaya, Seremban,
Negeri Sembilan
Norhasni Binti Yeop Ghazali

Institut Perguruan Ipoh,
Perak
Daunah Binti Sitam

SK Seri Bandar Damansara 3,Petaling,
Selangor
Norzilah Binti Mohd Zain

Antarabangsa
Fadilah Binti Yaacob

SMK Seri Pagi, Seremban,
Negeri Sembilan
Umaimah Binti Mohd Idris

Perak
Faizah Binti Baharuddin

SK Segambut, Kuala Lumpur,
Wilayah Persekutuan
Yashwanora Binti Yahaya

Institut Perguruan Bahasa Melayu
Malaysia
Fauziah Binti Hj Abd Rashid

SMK Seri Tanjung,
Melaka
Zuraiyah Binti Mohd Yunus

Antarabangsa
Florence Kok Siew Lin

SMK Durian Daun,
Melaka
Lukman Bin Simon

PPP Muar,
Johor
Ganeswari Karuppiah
SJK(T) Serdang, Petaling,
Selangor
Aminah Binti A Rashid

SMK Bandar tun razak, Cheras, KL,
Wilayah Persekutuan
Hamidah Binti Suleiman

SMK Yaacob Latif, Jalan Peel, KL,
Wilayah Persekutuan
Anjilin Dorothi Krishnan
Hjh Normala Binti Hj Yusoff
Advanced Module
SJK(T) Jalan Cheras, Kuala Lumpur,

Wilayah Persekutuan
SM Teknik Tuanku Jaafar, Ampangan,

Seremban, Negeri Sembilan
MODULE WRITERS:
Arianti Binti Sarbin
SMK Seri Perling, Johor Bahru,
Johor
Hor Saw Lelin

SMK Karak, Karak,
Pahang
Janet John Samai

SK Muadzam,
Pahang
Ruhil Hayati Binti Zulkapli

SMK Senaling, Kuala Pilah,
Negeri Sembilan
Jasminder Kaur Santtokh Singh

SMK Abdul Rahman Yaakub,
Bota
Sabrina Binti Zainuddin

SK King Edward VII-2, Taiping,
Perak
Komathy Manikkam
SK Kampung Tenang, Labis,
Johor
Sahridah Binti Abu Samah

SMK Lurah Bilut,
Pahang
Little Flower J.S. Fernandez

SMK Kepong, Jalan FRI, 52100 Kepong,
Selangor
Salbiah Binti Saleh

SMK Tengku Mahmud Iskandar,
Sg. Mati, Muar, Johor
M.Maya P.K. Manoharan

SMK Bukit Baru,
Melaka
Sarweswari Karuppiah
SMK Dato Hj Kamaruddin, Kuala Kubu
Bahru
Mohamad Fairdaus Bin Misnan

SMK Jalan Kolan Air, Batu Pahat,
Johor
Sashikala Nair
SMK Karak, Karak,
Pahang
Ngiam Siew Lan

SMK Paduka Tuan, Segamat,
Johor
Selvarani Thanggiah
SMK Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah, Kajang,
Selangor
Norhuda Binti Shahmin

SMK Convent, Batu Pahat,
Johor
Siti Salmiah Binti Mohd Sharif

SMK Undang, Jelebu
Negeri Sembilan
Norul Akmar Binti Hj Alang

SMK Air Molek,
Melaka
Siti Zarina Binti Md Samud

SMJK Pei Hwa, Sg Mati, Muar,
Johor
Rajaspare Rengasamy
SK Shah Alam 1,
Selangor
Tan Bee Ling

SMK Durian Tunggal,
Melaka
Redzuan Bin Ahmad

SMK Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah, Seberang
Tay Yew Guan

SMK Jelai, Kuala Pilah,
Advanced Module
Perak, Teluk Intan, Perak
Negeri Sembilan
MODULE WRITERS:
Leela Rani Bachaan singh
SMK Teknik, Cheras,
Kuala Lumpur
T, Vanitha Thanabalan
SMK Seri Desa, Tg, Karang,
Selangor
Norehan Binti Moktar

SMK Rantau Panjang, Jalan Kapar,
Klang
Norizah binti Muhamad
SM Teknik Kerian, Bagan Serai,
Perak
Winnie Tan
SMK Dato Bentara Dalam, Segamat,
Johor
Yashida Binti Yasim
SMK Tinggi Kajang, Kajang,
Selangor
Radhakrishnan Ponnusamy
SMK Yuk Choy, Ipoh,
Perak
Zaimy Bin Shah Bhari

SK Sg Choh, Rawang,
Selangor
Roslin Adlina Binti Abd Razak

SMK Seri Raub,
Pahang
Zainab Bibi Binti Hamid

SMK Tuanku Jaafar, Seremban,
Negeri Sembilan
Sarojini Devi Balasingam

SMK Dato Onn,
Kuala Lumpur
Zainalariffin Bin Abd Kadir

SMK Munshi Ibrahim Labis, Segamat,
Johor
Suguna Rajagopal
SMK Simpang Beluru, Enggor,
Kuala Kangsar, Perak
Zarena Bi Binti Mohamed Sadique

SMK Tengku Aris Bendahara, Kluang,
Johor
FACILITATORS
Fazhuda Binti Abd Aziz
Antarabangsa, Kuala Lumpur
Norhasni Binti Yeop Ghazali

Perak
Ghazali Bin Abdullah

Institut Perguruan Tun Hussien Onn,
Johor
Yashwanora Binti Yahaya

Institut Perguruan Bahasa Melayu
Malaysia
Laily Binti Yahya

Institut Perguruan Teknik
Zarena Bi Binti Mohamed Sadique

SMK Tengku Aris Bendahara, Kluang,
Johor
Advanced Module
INTRODUCTION
This self-access package consists of 3 modules: Beginner Module, Intermediate Module
and Advanced Module. Teachers are expected to spend about six months to complete
the 3 modules. The distribution of hours is as follows:
Beginner
- 40 hours
Intermediate - 40 hours
Advanced
- 40 hours
Each module consists of 8 themes namely:

1. Theme 1: People
= 5 Hours
2. Theme 2: Current Issues
= 5 Hours
3. Theme 3: Health
= 5 Hours
4. Theme 4: Environment
= 5 Hours
5. Theme 5: Science And Technology = 5 Hours

6. Theme 6: Social Issues
= 5 Hours
7. Theme 7: Stories
= 5 Hours
8. Theme 8: Culture And Language
= 5 Hours
Total Hours = 40 Hours

Each thematic text is organised according into 3 language learning components:
Interaction
Language awareness
- 3 hours
Writing
- 1 hour
Reading
- 1 hour
Total number of hours per week
- 5 hours
At the end of each module, there will be a Model Test which the teachers have to
complete. Upon completion of the Self Access Learning Modules, teachers should be
able to achieve the following:
Language Awareness:
understand basic grammar
Advanced Module
use correct grammar in sentences and paragraphs
construct grammatically correct sentences and paragraphs
identify, understand and use: parts of speech, tenses, types of sentences,

question forms
identify and construct simple, compound and complex sentences
Reading:
develop reading sub-skills
identify and understand main ideas and supporting details
identify cause and effects, recall information, to make inferences and draw
conclusions
draw other higher level comprehension skills
enrich vocabulary
find meaning of words read based on contextual clues
transfer information from linear to non-linear
to use dictionary as an aid to improve comprehension
Writing:
write grammatically correct sentences
generate and organise ideas using specific techniques
develop a paragraph with focussed and specific main ideas
support the main idea in a paragraph with supporting details
write cohesive paragraphs using simple, compound and complex sentences
draft an essay based on an outline
write coherent essays, letters and reports.
This package is specially designed to benefit Mathematics and Science teachers

who require more support in using English as the instructional language to deliver
their lessons.
Advanced Module
ADVANCED MODULE
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
Language Awareness:
Aim
To be able to create awareness and develop a progressive understanding

of the different grammar components of the English Language.
Objectives:
To be able to use correct grammar in sentences and paragraphs.
To be able to construct grammatically correct sentences and paragraphs.
To be able to identify, understand and use different types of sentences and

questions forms.
To be able identify and construct simple, compound and complex sentences.
Reading:
Aim
To be able to read and understand different text types.
Objectives:
To be able to develop reading sub-skills.
To be able to enrich vocabulary.
To be able to use dictionary as an aid to improve comprehension.
To be able to answer questions at knowledge and comprehension level.
To be able to answer questions at application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation

level
Writing:
Aim
To be able construct sentences to form a paragraph with some guidance.
Objectives:
To be able to write grammatically correct sentences.
Advanced Module
To be able to generate and organise ideas using specific techniques.
To be able to draft an essay based on an outline.
To be able to develop a paragraph with a focussed and specific main idea.
To be able to write cohesive paragraphs using simple, compound and complex

sentences.
To be able to write coherent essays, letters, reports not less than 200 words.
10
Advanced Module
SELF ACCESS LEARNING
WEEK
17
CONTENT
Theme: People
Language Awareness: Simple tenses
18
Theme: Current issues

Language Awareness: Progressive tenses
19
Theme: Health
Language Awareness: Perfect tenses
20
Theme: Environment
Language Awareness: Mixed tenses
21
Theme: Science and technology

Language Awareness: Question forms
22
Theme: Social issues

Language Awareness: Simple sentences
23
Theme: Stories
Language Awareness: Compound sentences
24
Theme: Culture and language

Language Awareness: Complex sentences
PAGE
11
Advanced Module
WEEK 17
PEOPLE
12
Advanced Module
WEEK
17
THEME
PEOPLE
TIME
5 HOURS
OBJECTIVES: By the end of this unit, you should be able to:
elicit main ideas and supporting details in a reading text
use the dictionary as an aid to reading comprehension and to enrich vocabulary
draw higher level comprehension skills
identify the simple past, present and future tense correctly
use the simple past, present and future tense correctly
complete sentences using the correct tense form
correct grammatical errors found in sentences
write an essay based on guidelines given
13
Advanced Module
WARMER
RS: Morny! Wld ur to odor?

G: Id like some toast , please
RS: Wet bother?
G: No just put the butter on the side
RS: Wad?
G :I mean butter just put it on the side.
RS : Copy?
G : Sorry
RS : Coffeeteamill?
G: Yes, coffee please, and thats all.
Do you know what the underlined words mean? If you do, write them out in proper
English.
1.
Morny
___________________________________
2.
Wld ur to odor
___________________________________
3.
Wet bother
___________________________________
4.
Wad
___________________________________
5.
Copy
___________________________________
6.
mill
___________________________________
14
Advanced Module
TEXT A
Read the following text .
15
Advanced Module
MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT

EXERCISE 1
Answer the following questions.
1. Based on the text what could be the organic fertilizer of the future?
___________________________________________________________________
2. In what way is the organic fertilizer better than chemical fertilizer?
___________________________________________________________________
3. Who was responsible in Chongs discovery?
____________________________________________________________________
4. According to the news, how many competitions has Chong taken part?
___________________________________________________________________
5. What was the project that earned Chong the first prize?
___________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 2
1. Where is Kelvin Cheong Tak Lee from?
_____________________________________________________________________
2. What does he use to make the tea-like solution?
_____________________________________________________________________
3. How has this solution helped his plants?
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Why was Kelvins mother regarded as instrumental in assisting him in his research?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
5. When was Chong selected to compete in the Intel ISEF 2007 at Alburquerque?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
16
Advanced Module
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 3
Match the words with the phrases. You may use a dictionary to assist you.
No.
Words
1.
fertilizer
to work with
2.
discarded
lead a group
3.
collaboration
4.
obtained
5.
represented
6.
maximize
7.
sustain
Phrases
manure for plants

to maintain
make full use of
unwanted
to get
17
Advanced Module
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
The Simple Past Tense is used to talk about actions, states, and situations in the past.
Example:
Emily Dickinson lived in the nineteenth century. She was a poet.

She wrote more than a thousand poems
You can use the simple past tense with time expressions that refer to the past.
Some examples of past time expressions are:
i. last
Examples:
She was here last Sunday.
They were in London last year.
ii. ago
Examples:
He went shopping in the new mall a week ago.
We saw the Director eating in the caf a while ago.
iii) yesterday
Examples:
Joe was at the cinema when their parents came back from Tokyo yesterday.
Ali and Zai were doing their assignments yesterday afternoon.
18
Advanced Module
EXERCISE 4
Read part of a poem called A bird came down the walk, by Emily Dickinson.
Underline all the simple past tense.
A bird came down the walk:

He did not know I saw;
He bit an angle-worm in halves
And ate the fellow, raw.
And then he drank a dew
From a convenient grass,
And then hopped sidewise to the wall
To let a beetle pass.
EXERCISE 5
Use the words in the box below to complete the biography of another American
poet, Robert Frost.
appeared
spent
was
read
had
was
lived
published
moved
returned
said
won
Robert Frost, one of the most popular American poets, ________________(1)

from 1874 to 1963. He __________________(2) originally from California, but he
___________________(3) most of his life in New England. At first,
Frost
___________________(4) not much success with his poetry. In 1912 he and his family
___________________(5) to England for a few years. Soon, several of his poems
were ___________________(6) in print.
19
Advanced Module
In 1915, he ____________________(7) to the United States. There he

___________________(8) hundreds of poems and later _____________________(9)
four Pulitzer Prizes for poetry. Frost often _____________________(10) his poems in
public. He ____________________(11) a wonderful speaker and helped create a
general interest in poetry. He once _____________________(12) that poetry makes
you remember what you didnt know you knew.
EXERCISE 6
This is part of a students journal. There are seven mistakes in the usage of verb
in it. Find and correct them.
Today we read a poem by Robert Frost. I really enjoy it. It

was about a person who choose between two roads in a forest.
Many people thought the person is Frost. In the end, he did not
take the more common road. He take the one less travelled on.
That decision change his life a lot.
Sometimes I feel a little like Frost. Two years ago I decide
to come to this country. Did I make the right decision? I really
want to believe I make the right decision.
20
Advanced Module
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7
WRONG VERB
CORRECT VERB
EXERCISE 7
Please refer to TEXT A and then list down words in the Past Tense forms found in
paragraph 4 10.
___________________________
____________________________
___________________________
____________________________
___________________________
____________________________
___________________________
____________________________
___________________________
____________________________
21
Advanced Module
WRITING
EXERCISE 8
In 150 words, write out what would you do to achieve success in your life.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
22
Advanced Module
TEXT B
SONS OR DAUGHTERS?
It is well known that some cultures prefer sons to daughters. In contrast, surveys
have revealed that some people would rather have a daughter than a son. Apparently,
each of these preferences has its explanation in the local culture.
Around the world, people who prefer sons have some reasons. In many
countries, sons are valued because they can work to help the family earn some money.
Also, sons will be able to support their parents when the parents are old. In some
cultures, sons are important because the family name will continue for another
generation. This is because the wives in these cultures take their husbands family
name, and sometimes belong to the husbands family. Not only that, but having a
daughter can sometimes cause difficulty for the family. In India, for example, having a
daughter can be a burden. Families must save a lot of money to pay a dowry when the
girl gets married.
Generally, people think traditional cultures are the ones in which boys are
preferred. Research seems to support this belief. According to a survey conducted in
2000, people in the Czech Republic, Lithuania, Portugal, and even the Caribbean would
prefer to have daughters. The researchers said that parents in modernizing societies do
not have the same economic reasons that exist in other countries, so they do not need
to have a son to help make money. Instead, families in these countries want daughters
for emotional reasons. Many mothers think they will have a better relationship with a
daughter than a son, for example. In addition, they think daughters will take better care
of them when they are old.
In Japan, a similar trend has emerged. This might come as a surprise to some,
because only one generation ago, the Japanese favoured sons. In 1982, over half of
Japanese couples surveyed wanted a boy if they could only have one child. A survey
done in 1997, on the other hand, found that 75 percent wanted a girl!
Some Japanese couples say they want to have daughters because they think
daughters are cuter and easier to raise. Japanese couples also worry about being taken
care of when they are old. If they need to live with their children when they are very old,
many Japanese parents want to live with their daughters. A sons wife would be like a
stranger and harder to ask for help, one Japanese mother said.
23
Advanced Module
Critics warn that preference for a daughter is just as bad as preferences for a
son. Instead of valuing children for the social roles they are expected to fill, critics say,
parents must learn to value children as individuals. When that is the case, parents will be
equally pleased with a son or a daughter.
Adapted from: Reading for the Real World, Prochaska , E. (2005)

EXERCISE 1
Mark each statement as either true (T )or false ( F ) according to the reading.
1. ________ Traditional societies show preference for sons.
2. ________ The preference for daughters is limited to Europe and Japan.
3. ________ Japanese societies have undergone big changes in the past generation.
4. ________ Parents in India have a strong preference for daughters.
5. ________ The value of a child is measured in economic terms in some societies.
EXERCISE 2
Answer the following questions by choosing the best answer.
1. The following are the reasons for some parents to prefer sons except
A sons maintain the family name.
B sons can support them.
C sons help earn money.
D sons uphold the traditions.
2. Japans preference for daughters is surprising because
A Asian cultures have always preferred daughters.
B
not long ago the trend was opposite.
daughters are more difficult to raise than sons.
some cultures like both sons and daughters.
24
Advanced Module
3. The economic factor tend to _____________________________________________

A lead couples in modernizing societies to prefer sons.
B influence couples in underdeveloped regions not to appreciate daughters.
C play no role in son or daughter preference.
D be stronger than emotional reasons in Japan.
4. According to the text, which of the following is true about parents in India?
A They receive a large amount of money when their sons get married.
B Daughters continue to help with the housework after they get married.
C In modern India, parents receive more money from their daughters than their sons.
D Parents in India are similar to parents in Portugal regarding gender preference.
EXERCISE 3
Read the text and answer the questions below.
1. Based on the text, give two reasons why people prefer sons?
i) ____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
ii) ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2. Why do some Japanese couples prefer to have daughters?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
3. When can parents be equally pleased with either a son or a daughter?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4. Why do families in countries like the Czech Republic prefer daughters?
____________________________________________________________
25
Advanced Module
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 4
Match the words to phrases. You may use a dictionary to help you
of a particular area
prefer
showing emotions
someone unknown
put aside
emotional
save
customs or practices of a society or

country
a stage in the descent of a family
critics
generation
cultures
local
dowry
modernize
favour
stranger
property or money brought by the

bride during marriage
a person who gives opinions about

some issues
adapting to present or current ways
and needs
26
Advanced Module
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
The Simple Present Tense is used to show a truth or a fact
Study the examples below:
Birds have wings.
Dogs bark.
The rainbow has seven colours.
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
The Simple Present Tense is also used for actions which are done habitually or
which happens regularly.
Adverbs like every morning, once a month, usually, always, never , often can be
used with the Simple Present Tense.
Susan brushes her teeth every morning.
My mother cooks fish curry every week.
The boys play football in the evening.
# REMEMBER!
Singular nouns take the singular form of the verb in the simple present tense.
Plural nouns take the plural form of the verb in the simple present tense.
Study the table below carefully. It will help you.
He
SINGULAR
plays
PLURAL
They
play
Susan
sings
We
sing
The cat
writes
write
runs
You
run
27
Advanced Module
EXERCISE 5
Underline the correct forms of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.
1.
The earth [ moves / move ] round the sun.
2.
Lions and tigers [ hunt / hunts] for food in the jungle.
3.
Anna and Ben [ practises / practise ] playing the piano an hour everyday.
4.
Mosquitoes [ is / are] harmful insects.
5.
Latif often [ watch / watches] television at night.
6.
Cocks [ crow / crows] ; a hen [ cackle / cackles].
7.
Mona usually [ exercises / exercise ] in the morning.
8.
Sometimes the children [ walk / walks ] to school but usually their father
[ drive / drives] them.
9.
Sheila and her cousins often [ participate / participates] in essay writing

competitions.
10.
My friend [ speak / speaks ] Chinese fluently but he [ do not know / does not know
how to write it.
EXERCISE 6
Complete these sentences by underlining the correct verb form.
Sarah ( 1) ( is / are ) a policewoman. Her day (2) ( begin / begins ) early.
She (3) (leave / leaves ) for work at 6 a.m. each day. She ( arrives / arrive ) at the
police station at 7.45 a.m. At 8 a.m. she and the other officers (5) (attend / attends) a
meeting. Their police chief Captain Costa (6) ( talk / talks) to them about their duties for
the day.
Sarah and her partner Bill usually (7) (patrols / patrol ) a certain part of the city
each day. They ( 8 ) (make / makes ) sure that the streets and back alley ( 9 ) (is / are)
safe for the public. They visit shopping and video arcades to look for students who
(10) (play / plays) truant. Sarahs day often ( 11 ) ( end / ends ) at 6.30 p.m.
28
Advanced Module
EXERCISE 7
Complete the sentences with the simple present tense of the verbs in the box.
breathe
have
hurry
love
play
put
demonstrate
snow
weave
write
1.
Mum, we ____________your cakes. They are delicious.
2.
Dareen ______________ articles for a famous magazine.
3.
The cook usually ___________________ new recipes every Tuesday.
4.
My little brother ____________ home from school every afternoon to watch

cartoons.
5.
During winter it _________, so we have to put on our boots.
6.
Dolphins _____________ underwater through their blowholes.
7.
Danny ___________tennis at the club every weekend.
8.
We usually _________ recyclable things in special bins.
9.
Dogs __________ a well-developed sense of smell.
10.
The women ___________mats out of screw-pine leaves for a living.
EXERCISE 8
Read TEXT B and then list out all the verbs in the Simple Present Tense.
___________________________
_____________________________
___________________________
_____________________________
___________________________
_____________________________
___________________________
_____________________________
29
Advanced Module
WRITING
EXERCISE 9
Who do you prefer, a son or a daughter? In 150 words, write an essay about your
preference and provide reasons to support your opinion.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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Advanced Module
TEXT C
Read the passage below.
THE DRAGON SPEAKS ENGLISH?
The college stands in a charmingly named suburb, Pingguoyuan (Apple Orchard) in
Beijing city. This is where I teach English to students who are preparing to go abroad for
their tertiary studies. Chinas open door policy to the West, has created an appetite for
the English Language.
Today, millions of people in China have been spurred to learn this once marginalized
language. So, why is learning English important to you? I asked my students many
times. They tell me, We must study English well; it is essential for our development and
that of our country.
Amelias English is rather fluent. Her widowed mother cannot speak English but
somehow encouraged her and convinced her of the importance of the English language.
So, the level of her English is far superior to that of most of her peers. Amelia is very
motivated to learn English because she believes that proficiency in the language is the
passport to a new world of employment and educational opportunities. English is seen
as the lingua franca of international business, education, media and politics.
Rainbow is another colourful character; a 19-year-old young lady who is determined to
master the English Language because she believes that it will benefit her in the future
and will ensure the kind of success she will enjoy as an adult. She believes that English
is the language of the future. Even in small towns or rural areas, English has become a
necessity. Everyone knows where the best language schools are and every parent
wants his child to go there. Society looks up to people who can speak English fluently. If
you dont master the language, you will be left far behind and people will not respect
you. Hence, I cannot fail in my quest to master the language, said Rainbow.
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Advanced Module
Law is a spunky young man in my English for Business Study class with a burning
ambition to become Chinas Bill Gates. He is motivated to learn English only because he
plans to study in a reputable British university in the near future. He wants to be able to
understand his British lecturers and classmates. Further, he will be able to understand
and enjoy the lyrics of English songs, books and movies. In addition, while traveling, he
will be able to communicate with the people of the country and learn about their culture,
values and ideas. Law believes that by mastering the language, he will be able to do all
that with ease.
Adapted from Just English Vol 3 Issue 1/2005

EXERCISE 1
Based on the text, complete the table about Who said what?
Students
Opinions
Proficiency in English is the passport to better employment and
educational opportunities.
Aims to be the next Chinas Bill Gates
Society looks up to people who can speak English fluently.
Able to enjoy the lyrics of English songs, book and movies
English is the lingua franca of international business, education ,
media and politics.
Able to communicate with people all over the world
EXERCISE 2
Answer the questions below.
32
Advanced Module
1.
What does the phrase open door policy imply about China?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2.
Why is Amelias English far in advance compared to her classmates ?

_________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3.
How will being proficient in the English Language benefit Rainbow ?

_________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
4.
State 2 reasons for Law to be motivated to study English.

i) _______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
ii)_______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 3
Replace the bold words in the sentences below with a word of a similar meaning
from the text.
1.
Rama plans to further his studies overseas.

________________________________________________________________
2.
Her visit to Japan has increased her craving to acquire the language.
________________________________________________________________
33
Advanced Module
3.
Calcium is vital for the development of strong bones and teeth.

________________________________________________________________
4.
Products manufactured in the West are of higher quality.

________________________________________________________________
5.
Taking the MUET examination is a prerequisite for entry into Malaysian

universities.
________________________________________________________________
6.
Teachers need to attain proficiency in English in order to teach Mathematics

and Science .
________________________________________________________________
7.
Ali had to overcome many obstacles in pursuit of excellence in his life.

________________________________________________________________
Dr. Ong studied in Harvard University which is well known for its academic
excellence worldwide.
________________________________________________________________
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Advanced Module
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
1.
We use the future tense to show future action.
REMEMBER!
Examples:
I will go to your place on Monday.

Mr Lopez will call us at 9 p.m. tomorrow.
past
present
The following are examples of

some words that may be used with
verbs in the future tense
tomorrow
next Friday
next month
tomorrow night
next week
next year
future
9 pm tomorrow
Now
2.
Monday
We form the simple future tense using will in this way:
will + base form of verb

Examples:
Sue will wash the dishes later.
They will visit Mrs Lim tomorrow evening.
The taxi will be here at 3 pm.
3.
We can also use the going to form for future action that is planned earlier or
events that we think are likely to happen in the future. We form the simple
future tense using going to in this way:
Present tense of the verb to be + going to + base form of verb

Examples:
He is going to play golf on Saturday.
I am going to swim in the evening.
Oil prices are going to rise next week.
35
Advanced Module
EXERCISE 4
Circle the correct verb forms to complete the passage.
The world
(will see / sees) great changes in the future as the new millennium
begins. As the Earths population increases, people (need / will need) more houses,
schools and hospitals. There (will be / will) more mouths to feed. Land which is already
under cultivation (will produce / produce) too little to feed the hungry billions.
In many countries, people (cut / will cut) down forests and clear land for
settlements. These natural forests are the homes of many species of wild animals.
These animals (will face / faced) extinction and (will vanish / vanish) soon if Man does
not take steps to protect them.
EXERCISE 5
Read Sams Diary below.
SAMS DIARY
FRIDAY
6.30am get up ,
breakfast, go to
SATURDAY
8.30 am get up ,
breakfast
SUNDAY
7.00am get up, breakfast,
go to church
school
7.30 am 1.50pm-
10.30 am Tae KwonDo
10.00am Youth meeting
School
3.00pm 5.00pm English
practice
3.00pm- watching
1.00pm lunch with
and Bahasa
television
grandparents
Melayu tuition.
5.30pm - football with
5.30 pm- tennis practice
4.00pm family outing
friends
8.00 pm dinner , revision/
7.00pm dinner with
8.00pm dinner , revision ,
homework
friends at Pizza
prepare for
Hut.
school
Based on Sams Diary, answer the following questions in complete sentences.
1.
What will Sam be doing on Friday at 5.30pm?

________________________________________________________________
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Advanced Module
________________________________________________________________
2.
Who will Sam be with on Saturday at 7.00pm?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3.
When will the family be out together for fun?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
4.
How will Sam spend his time on Friday from 3.00pm 5.00pm?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Where will Sam be on Sunday morning?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 6
The following extract is adapted from the text The Dragon Speaks English? Change
the underlined words to the simple future tense. The first one has been done for you.
The college stands in a charmingly named suburb, Pingguoyuan (Apple Orchard)
in Beijing city. This is where I teach English to students and prepare them to go abroad
for their tertiary studies. Chinas open door policy to the West creates an appetite for the
English Language.
This policy motivates Amelia to learn English because she believes it benefits
her. On the other hand, Rainbow feels that the society looks up to people who can
speak English fluently and they respect you.
English enables Law to understand his British lecturers and classmates.
Furthermore, he understands and enjoys the lyrics of English Songs and books. While
travelling, he communicates with the people of the country and learns about their
culture, values and ideas.
The college stands in a charmingly named suburb, Pingguoyuan (Apple Orchard) in
Beijing city. This is where I will teach English to students and
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
37
Advanced Module
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
WRITING
EXERCISE 7
There has been much hype about the teaching of Mathematics and Science in
English among the Mathematics and Science teachers. In 50 words, explain how
teaching Mathematics and Science in English will benefit you.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
ANSWER KEY
WARMER
1.
Morning
2.
Would you like to order?
38
Advanced Module
3.
With butter
4.
What?
5.
Coffee
6.
milk

EXERCISE 1
1.
The pepper plant stalks.
2. The organic fertilizer has sustained soil fertility better than the chemical fertilizer.
3. His mother.
4. Two.
5. The project called The Effectiveness of compost to maximize crop yield and sustain
soil fertility earned him the first prize.
EXERCISE 2
1.
He is from Kuching
2.
He uses pepper plant stalks
3.
It has helped his plants grow well.
4.
His mother guided him in his experiments with the pepper stalks.
5.
The project Effectiveness of compost to maximize crop yield and sustain

soil fertility earned him the first prize.
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 3
1. fertilizer
manure for plants
39
Advanced Module
2. discarded
unwanted
3. collaboration
to work with
4. obtained
to get
5. represented
lead a group
6. maximize
make full use of
7. sustain
to maintain
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
EXERCISE 4
A bird came down the walk:
He did not know I saw
He bit an angle-worm in halves
And ate the fellow, raw.
And then he drank a dew
From a convenient grass,
And then hopped sidewise to the wall
To let a beetle pass.
EXERCISE 5
1. lived
7. returned
2. was
8. had
3. spent
9. won
4. had
10. read
5. moved
11. was
6. published
12. said
EXERCISE 6
1.
enjoy
enjoyed
2.
choose
chose
40
Advanced Module
3.
is
was
4.
take
took
5.
change
changed
6.
decide
decided
7.
make
made
(He took the one less travelled on.)
EXERCISE 7
started
organized
walked
described
discarded
obtained
used
represented
guided
earned
selected
EXERCISE 8
(Suggested Answer)
Things that I would do to achieve success in my life
To be successful in life, I will study further to widen my knowledge. This will
eventually improve my professionalism.
I will also try to master as many languages as possible so that I can
communicate with people of life. In addition, I will try innovative methods of teaching to
mould my students. I will work hard to produce a creative and holistic future generation.
Finally, I will render my services in any field so that the people and the country
will benefit from me.
TEXT B
EXERCISE 1
1)
True
2) True
3) True
4) False
5) False
41
Advanced Module
EXERCISE 2
1)
2)
3)
4)
EXERCISE 3
a)
i) they can work to help the family earn an income.

ii) they can support their parents when the parents are old
b)
Daughters are cute and easier to raise
c)
When the parents learn to value children as individuals
d)
For emotional reasons.
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 4
Critics
Generation
Cultures
Local
Dowry
Modernize
Emotional
Save
Favour
Stranger
a person who gives opinion about some issues

a stage in the descent of a family
customs/ practices of a society or country.
of a particular area
property or money given by the bride during marriage
adapting to present or current ways and needs
showing emotions
to put aside
prefer
someone unknown
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
EXERCISE 5
1)
moves
6)
crow : cackles
2)
hunt
7)
exercises
3)
practice
8)
walk ; drives
4)
are
9)
participate
5) watches
10)
speaks ; does not know
EXERCISE 6
1)
is
2)
begins
3) leaves
4)
arrives
5)
attend
6)
talks
7) patrol
8)
make
9)
are
10)
play
11) ends
42
Advanced Module
EXERCISE 7
1)
love
2)
writes
3)
demonstrates
4) hurries
5)
snows
6)
breathe
7)
plays
8)
9)
have
10)
weave
earn
continue
put
EXERCISE 8
List of verbs in the simple present tense:
Prefer
have work
help
support
take
EXERCISE 9
I think I would love to have a son. I feel that a son would be closer to me
emotionally. It is always been said that a son would love his mother. I am hoping that as
a son, he would be able to take care of me as I grow older.
Even though I am not
expecting any financial help from him, I would not feel guilty accepting from him as he
would be the breadwinner of his family. I also think it is easier to raise sons today as I
am so worried about having a daughter as they are many cruel men going after women.
TEXT C
EXERCISE 1
1
Amelia
2.
Law
3.
Rainbow
4.
Law
5.
Amelia
6.
Law
EXERCISE 2
1.
Accept changes of the west / receptive to new ideas.
2.
Her widowed mother encouraged and convinced her of the importance of the
English Language.
43
Advanced Module
3.
It will ensure the kind of success she would enjoy as an adult / Society will
respect her.
4.
i)
He had planned to study in a reputable British university.
ii) He wants to be able to understand his British lecturers and classmates.
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 3
1.
abroad
5.
necessity
2.
appetite
6.
master
3.
essential
7.
quest
4.
superior
8.
reputable
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
EXERCISE 4
will see
will need
will be
will produce
will cut
will face
will vanish
EXERCISE 5
1.
He will play football with his friends.
2.
He will be with his friends (at Pizza Hut).
3.
They will be out together for fun on Sunday evening.
4.
He will attend English and Bahasa Melayu tuition.
5.
He will be at the church.
EXERCISE 6
1.
will teach
2.
will prepare
3.
will create
44
Advanced Module
4.
will motivate
5.
will benefit
6.
will look
7.
will respect
8.
will enable
will understand
10.
will enjoy
11.
will communicate
12.
will learn
EXERCISE 7
Teaching Maths and Science in English has several advantages. Firstly, the
students would be able to do and use references from all around the world easier if the
subjects are taught in English. They need not do translation. Furthermore, as teachers,
we will also improve our command of the English language as we have the chance to
use the language regularly.
45
Advanced Module
WEEK 18
CURRENT ISSUES
WEEK
18
THEME
CURRENT ISSUES
TIME
5 HOURS
OBJECTIVES:
By the end of this unit, you should be able to:
46
Advanced Module
identify progressive tense
use the dictionary as an aid to reading comprehension
draw a higher level comprehension skill
write cohesive paragraphs using simple, compound and complex

sentences
WARMER
(Adapted from The New Straits Times,23 April 2007)

Study the diagram above and answer the questions that follow.
1. What schools use these facilities?
_______________________________________________________
2. Would you like to be in such schools? Why?
________________________________________________________
TEXT A
47
Advanced Module
Read the following text carefully.
Koo-Tan on Threshold of Greatness

When Malaysia won the Thomas Cup in 1992, the country rejoiced in a sporting
success on a grand scale. Currently, the brilliant run of new badminton pair Koo
Kien Keat - Tan Boon Heong has raised optimism that the pair is on the threshold of
greatness.
While not discounting the national teams ability to regain the Thomas Cup, we
can get the feeling that only an Olympic gold medal will bring back the euphoria that
swept Malaysia in 1992. Will Kien Keat Boon Heong have the talent to win that
elusive Olympic gold medal for Malaysia in Beijing next year? Well, they have
already ended two long droughts for Malaysia by winning the Asian Games mens
doubles gold after 36 years and the All-England doubles title after 25 years. Now, the
challenge is, can they end Malaysias half century Olympic gold drought?
National doubles coach, Rexy Mainaky also deserves praise for bringing the pair
together and for his strong belief in them. He hoped that they keep their feet on the
ground and continue churning out excellent results that they have been producing.
May his efforts bear fruits and bring greater glory to Malaysian sports
(Adapted from The News Straits Times, 17 April 2007)
48
Advanced Module

EXERCISE 1
Answer these questions.
1. What great event will be held in Beijing in 2008?
___________________________________________________________________
2. Name two great titles won by Koo Kien Keat and Tan Boon Heong in 2007.
___________________________________________________________________
3. Why does Rexy Mainaky deserve praise for their success?
___________________________________________________________________
4. Do you think they can be successful in Beijing? Give a reason for your answer?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2
Match the words from the box with the correct meanings
No
belief, optimism, century, euphoria, threshold,

words
Meanings
1
2
3
4
5
6
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
elusive
a feeling that something is true

100 years
a short but strong feeling of happiness and excitement
the level at which something starts to happen
difficult to achieve
a tendency to believe that great things will happen
PROGRESSIVE TENSE- PAST AND PRESENT
49
Advanced Module
The past continuous tense is formed by the past tense of the verb to be+ the
present participle.
It is used for past actions whose exact limits are not known.
The past continuous is chiefly used for past actions which continued for some
time but whose exact limits are not known and are not important.
Example:
i)
He is talking on the phone. ( present progressive tense)

He talked on the phone an hour ago. (past tense)
He was talking on the phone an hour ago. (past progressive tense)
ii)
She is singing a song.

She sang a song last night.
She was singing a song last night.
iii)
The cat is eating a fish.

The cat ate a fish just now / It ate a fish just now.
The cat was eating a fish just now. /It was eating a fish just now.
50
Advanced Module
PROGRESSIVE TENSE
Ways to change base words to the verb+ing form
by
by
by
adding ing
omitting the e and adding
doubling the last consonant
ing
and adding ing
e.g. : produce = producing
e.g. : win = winning
e.g. ; discount = discounting
EXERCISE 3
Change the verbs below into the verb-ing forms
bring, hope, end,
rejoice, raise, sweep, keep, bear, deserve, continue
1. _________________
6. _________________
2. _________________
7. _________________
3. _________________
8. _________________
4. _________________
9. _________________
5. _________________
10. _________________
51
Advanced Module
PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE

Notes: There must be an agreement between the subject and Past Progressive Tense
(verbs to- be and verb+ing) when using it in the past tense.
Ali
was
eating rice when
singular
+ past
tense
verb-to-be
it
rained.
base verb + ing

shows past tense
singular
subject
The students were writing essays when the dismissal bell rang.
plural
+ past tense
verb to be
base word + ing

( omit e)
shows past
tense
plural subject
EXERCISE 4
Study the subjects in the following sentences and write the correct Past
Progressive Tense.
1. Abu _____ ______ (sit) on the chair when it broke.
2. The teachers _____ _________ ( teach ) when they heard the announcement
3. My mother _____ _____ (cook) when the phone rang.
4. The principal _____ _____ (give) a speech when she fainted.
5. The students _____ ______ (run) across the road when the accident happened.
52
Advanced Module
EXERCISE 5
PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE
Sentence structure: singular subject
Plural subject
was
were
Study the subjects in the sentences and fill in the blanks with the correct verbs
to be and spelling of verb +ing form.
1. The spectators ______ _______ (cheer) the Malaysian Team.
2. Rexy Mainaky _______ ______ (praise) the doubles pair when the
announcement was made.
3. Kien Keat and Boon Heong __________ ________ (train) at the badminton
academy when they received the news.
4. They _________ ________(feel) on top of the world when they won the AllEngland doubles title after 25 years.
53
Advanced Module
WRITING
EXERCISE 6
If you were Rexy Mainaky, what advice would you give to Kien Keat and Boon
Heong to ensure success in Beijing?
You may use the notes in the bubbles to write out your advice in three
paragraphs
Train hard follow training

schedules
Be focused serious
do not be distracted by
awards
Follow my strategies
definite to win
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
54
Advanced Module
TEXT B
International Language and Friendly van to attract tourists
The tourist police in Kuala Lumpur and City Hall are working in ensuring that Kuala
Lumpur is ready for visit Malaysia year 2007. The tourist police can now move about in
style and comfort, thanks to a brand new van donated by the Malaysian Association of
Tour and Travel Agents. (Matta). The RM80, 000.00 van is a 12-seater Kia Perggio.
The new van is adorned with friendly faces of Malaysia and projects a caring and
warm image of our country. Safety and security are essential in the industry. With the
tireless efforts and dedication demonstrated by the police in carrying out their duties,
Malaysia will pride itself as a safe international holiday destination. KL acting police
chief SAC 1 Zul Hasnan Najib Baharuddin said Mattas contribution will not only lighten
the burden of tourist police but will also assure people of their safety.
To further strengthen the effort by Matta, City Hall would have to ensure that all the
road signs are in Bahasa Melayu and English. According to a local daily, a foreigner
quoted that without a chauffer driving him around, he would find it difficult moving
around the city. This year being Visit Malaysia Year, many tourists are expected and it
would definitely be a good time to place tourists- friendly signboards at all strategic
points in the city.
NST, April 2007
55
Advanced Module

EXERCISE 1
1. Who donated the RM80, 000.00 van to the tourist police?
__________________________________________________________
2. Why is it important for the police to have the van?
__________________________________________________________
3. According to the text when is the most suitable time to have signboards in
English?
___________________________________________________________
4. Do we need to have signboards in international language? Give a reason.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2
Look at the list of words given below and find the words from the text which have
the same meanings.
Words/phrases of the same meanings
to repeat exactly as spoken
a place to go to
Decorated
Driver
to make it certain
Important
Workload
to make it better
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
words from the text
EXERCISE 3
56
Advanced Module
Use the notes below to construct sentences using the present progressive tense.
1. The tourist police move about in comfort.
____________________________________________________________________
2. The tourist police carry - duty
____________________________________________________________________
3. The Malaysian Association of Tour and Travel donate van.
____________________________________________________________________
4. Malaysian caring - friendly people
____________________________________________________________________
5. Many tourists come Malaysia for Visit Malaysia 2007.
____________________________________________________________________
WRITING
EXERCISE 4
Imagine that you are a tourist visiting Malaysia during Visit Malaysia Year 2007.
Write eight sentences about the activities that you do as a tourist. Use the present
progressive tense.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
57
Advanced Module
TEXT C
Make Students Focus of Smart Schools
What are smart schools? They are called smart schools. But, apart from computers, there
is little that is smart about them .Which is why the deputy prime minister wants an overhaul
of the management of these schools.
Calling for a massive change in the processes and procedures entrenched in the
school system, the Deputy Prime Minister said students should become the focus of the
system again. We could simply purchase ICT equipment and build laboratories in schools
and leaving it at that, having paid lip service to being ICT compliant. Our readiness must
be open-ended, so to speak, to enable quick adoption of new improvements and
modifications in technology to remain current, he said.
He further emphasized if the current examination-based national curriculum needs to
be revamped, it should be done. Students must be taught to master English Language
because it is the primary language used in diplomacy, business or education. Children
must attain a respectable level of fluency in English to make sure they are no less qualified
when competing globally.
He said schools should produce students who could think in Bahasa Malaysia and
speak in Bahasa Malaysia and think in English and speak in English. The curriculum
should challenge the students to think, to create and become inquisitive. He believes all
that it is necessary to give all school staff and administrators ICT training and exposure .It
should be made mandatory for all school heads to the office executive or clerks to have the
basic knowledge of at least the most basic office applications such as email, word
processors and Internet browsers. The idea is to move towards a paperless environment.
According to him, ICT must be used to increase efficiency, reduce operational
expenditure and to improve internal and external communication. Thus, schools should
arrange for technical support to be available at all times.
To improve the situation, Datuk Seri Hishamuddin Hussein said, a monitoring system
would be introduced soon, which will be called the Smart School Qualification Standard, or
SSQS. It will have a star ranking as a guide, where smart schools will be ranked according
to how integrated they are with ICT culture. When the smart schools were ranked and
benchmarked, they would then have to compete with others. The idea is to allow all of
them to compete and hopefully by 2010, there would just be one category benchmarked on
excellence and based on international levels.
58
Advanced Module

EXERCISE 1
1. Why is attainment of a respectable level of fluency in English important?
________________________________________________________________
2. What is expected of the curriculum?
________________________________________________________________
3. Who is expected to acquire the minimum knowledge of ICT?
_____________________________________________________________
___
4. When is one category of benchmark expected?
________________________________________________________________
5. What is the main idea of the Smart School concept?
_____________________________________________________________
___
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2
Find the meaning of the words below using a dictionary.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Word
Massive
lip service
re-vamp
Attain
inquisitive
exposure
integrated
benchmarked
Meaning
EXERCISE 3
Construct simple sentences using the verbs given:
59
Advanced Module
Example: They are going to the movie today.

1. are producing
___________________________________________________________________
2. is monitoring
___________________________________________________________________
3. are supporting
___________________________________________________________________
4. is providing
___________________________________________________________________
5
are improving
___________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 4
Change the past tense of the verb to the present continuous tense.
1. He said if his wife is going shopping, he will pick her up after dinner.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. The Prime Minister expressed his appreciation and gratitude to all the teachers in the
country for their good work.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. The computer club bought equipment for its members.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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Advanced Module
WRITING
EXERCISE 5
Describe the concept of a smart school in about 50 words. Use the notes given
below.
ICT equipment and laboratories
students fluent English and Bahasa Melayu
teachers IT savvy
administration and management technology-based
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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Advanced Module
ANSWER KEY
WARMER
1. Smart schools
2. Yes. I will be able to use IT in my lessons effectively.
TEXT A
EXERCISE 1
1. The Olympic Games
2. Asian Games mens double and All England doubles titles
3. He brought the two players together and believes in them
4. Yes, they are working very hard together.
EXERCISE 2
no
1
2
3
4
5
6
belief, optimism, century, euphoria, threshold, elusive

words
meanings
optimism
a feeling that something is true
century
100 years
euphoria
a short but strong feeling of happiness and excitement
threshold
the level at which something starts to happen
elusive
difficult to achieve
belief
a tendency to believe that great things will happen
EXERCISE 3
1. bringing
2. hoping
3. ending
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Advanced Module
4. rejoice
5. raising
6. sweeping
7. keeping
8. bearing
9. deserving
10. continuing
EXERCISE 4
1. Abu was sitting on the chair when it broke.
2. The teachers were teaching when they heard the announcement.
3. My mother was cooking when the phone rang.
4. The principal was giving a speech when she fainted.
5. The students were running across the road when the accident happened.
EXERCISE 5
1. The spectators were cheering the Malaysian Team.
2. Rexy Mainaky was praising (praise ) the doubles pair when the announcement
was made.
3. Kien Keat and Boon Heong were training (train) at the badminton academy when
they received the news.
4. They were feeling (feel) on top of the world when they won the All-England
doubles title after 25 years.
WRITING
EXERCISE 6
If you were Rexy Mainaky, what advice would you give to Kien Keat and Boon Heong
to ensure success in Beijing?
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Advanced Module
You may use the notes in the bubbles to write out your advice in three paragraphs
Train hard follow

training schedules
Be focused serious
do not be distracted by
awards
Follow my strategies
definite to win
Suggested Answer
Well, gentlemen, you have to go for gold in the Olympic Games 2008. Firstly, you
must train hard. This is very important. You must follow my training schedules. So
forget about your other plans for the time being.
Besides, you must be focused. You must not be distracted by rewards or other
kinds of distraction. Just pay full attention on your training.
Last but not least, you must follow my strategies. You will definitely be able to
win.
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Advanced Module
TEXT B
EXERCISE 1
1. The Malaysian Association of Tour and Travel Agents donated the van.
2. The tourist police can now move about in style and comfort.
3. 2007 VMY (Visit Malaysia Year)
4. Yes, it would be easier for the tourists to move around without getting lost.
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2
Words/Phrases of the same meaning
To repeat exactly as spoken
A place to go to
Decorated
Driver
To make it certain
Important
Workload
To make it better
Satisfied
Words from the text

Quote
Destination
Adorned
Chauffeur
Ensure
Essential
Burden
Strengthen
Comfort
EXERCISE 3
1. The tourist police are moving about in comfort.
2. The tourist police are carrying duty out their duty.
3. The Malaysian Association of Tour and Travel are donating a van.
4. Malaysians are caring and friendly people.
5. Many tourists are coming to Malaysia for Visit Malaysia Year 2007.
WRITING
EXERCISE 4
Suggested answers
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Advanced Module
1. My father and I are going to the National Zoo today.

2. I am planning to snap a few photographs of the animals as a remembrance.
3. Lisa and Tom are coming with us.
4. After that, I am visiting the museum.
5. We are travelling there by bus.
6. My family is flying to Sabah in April to climb Mount Kinabalu.
7. I am preparing myself by jogging 5 kilometres everyday.
8. Then, I am climbing Gunung Tahan in March.
TEXT C
EXERCISE 1
1. To make sure they are no less qualified when competing globally.
2. The curriculum should challenge the students to think, to create and become
inquisitive.
3. All school heads, office executive and clerks.
4. By the year 2010
5. To challenge the students to think, to create and becomes inquisitive.
EXERCISE 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
WORD
Massive
Lip service
Re-vamp
Attain
Inquisitive
Exposure
Integrated
Benchmarked
MEANING
Huge/big/large
All talk and no action
Overhaul
Achieve
Mind full of questions and seeking answers.
Let known
Mixed
To use a mark for comparison
EXERCISE 3
1. These companies are producing materials for export.
2.
Azman is monitoring the progress of his students.
3. They are supporting the school netball team.

4. The government is providing more computers to schools.
5. The students are improving their writing skills.
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Advanced Module
EXERCISE 4
1. He is saying if his wife is going shopping, he will pick her up after dinner.
2. The Prime Minister is expressing his appreciation and gratitude to all the teachers in
the country for their good work.
3. The computer club is buying equipment for its members.
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Advanced Module
WRITING
EXERCISE 5
A smart school is a school where students are the focus of the whole school
system. A smart school does not mean just having up-to-date ICT equipment and
computer laboratories but the students should be able to think, create and learn
independently.
Teachers themselves need to be IT savvy to help them move towards a
paperless environment. Furthermore, the administration and management of the school
should be technology-based.
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Advanced Module
WEEK 19
HEALTH
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Advanced Module
WEEK
: 19
THEME
: HEALTH
TIME
5 HOURS
OBJECTIVES : At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
develop reading skills
identify and understand main ideas and supporting details
draw other higher level comprehension skills
enrich vocabulary
transfer information from linear to non-linear text
use a dictionary as an aid to improve comprehension of texts
WARMER
Complete the boxes below with suitable letters :
1.
2.
.
3.
4.
B
5.
A
Clues
1. Opposite of sick.
2. In order to lose weight, one should eat less and exercise _______
3. He was given some ________ to cure the cough.
4. ________ is thicker than water.
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Advanced Module
5. The ________ is an organ which pumps blood to every part of our body.
TEXT A
Read the text below and answer the following questions.
Whats In A Name?
My late mother said that as a baby, I was sickly. I was ill so often with a never
ending list of health problems that I was nicknamed Mohamad Sihat by the old folks.
They believed a child would be ill often if his given name was unsuitable. From that
moment, I was a healthy, naughty and an energetic chap.
In my teens and later when I started working, I was seldom sick. I was proud of
my record during my first 20 years in Shell Malaysia when my total number of sick leave
was less than 20 days. During those days, I donated blood quite often. I started donating
blood in 1969 and by 1994, I had donated more than 50 times. All through the years, I
had donated without thinking of whats in it for me.
Little did I realise that it would pay off later. Well, two years after my retirement, I
was in quite in a financial problem due to bad business deals. I also had not fully
recovered from my asthma and hypertension. So, it was not surprising when one day, I
found myself warded at Hospital Tengku Laila in Kuala Kubu for mild asthma followed by
acute hypertension.
After a week, I was discharged. I was quite worried about how I would pay for the
hospital bills. It turned out that I had mentioned to a nurse that I had donated blood more
than 50 times. She said in that case, I would not have to pay a single sen. In fact, I was
entitled to a first class ward. All that was required was for me to get a white card- a card
given by the local blood bank certifying that I had indeed made such donations.
I was given VIP treatment by the staff later because of some simple things I did
when I was healthy. I am being cared for and I need not worry should I fall sick. It does
pay to give!
Adapted from Nursing Your English, 2004
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Advanced Module

1. Why was the baby nicknamed Mohamad Sihat?
________________________________________________________________
2. Identify three words describing Mohamad Sihat after he given a nickname.
________________________________________________________________
3. In paragraph 1, which word has the same meaning as active?
________________________________________________________________
4. What does the pronoun it in paragraph 3 refer to?
________________________________________________________________
5. What did Mohamad Sihat mean when he said that he was given VIP treatment?
________________________________________________________________
6. All through the years, I had donated without thinking of whats in it for me. What
does the writer mean?
________________________________________________________________
7. Give one moral value from the text above.
________________________________________________________________
8. Describe Mohamad Sihat when he was :
a baby - _____________________________________________________
an adult - ____________________________________________________
WORD ATTACK
Find the synonym of the following words from Text A.
i)
child _________________________________________
ii)
ill ___________________________________________
iii)
teen _________________________________________
iv)
chap ________________________________________
v)
mentioned ______________________________________
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Advanced Module
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

The present perfect tense is made up of :
1. has / have + past participle (active form)
2. has / have + been + past participle (passive form)
Present Perfect Tense is used:
1. To refer to a recently / newly completed action.
e.g.
I have just completed my homework.

My neighbours have recently sold their car.
2. To refer to an action that occurred at an unspecified or unknown time in the

past.
e.g.
The Jones have been to Australia many times.

The birds have flown away.
3. To refer to an action that began in the past, and is still going on at the moment of
speaking.
e.g.
Ruhil has known Kamarul for many years.

They have lived in this house since 2001.
EXERCISE 1
Fill in the blanks with the present perfect tense of the words in brackets.
1.
All the boys ________ (go) home already.
2.
________ Fadillah _______ (cook) dinner yet?
3.
Someone ________ (take) my story book by mistake.
4.
My uncle ________ (not drink) tea for a long time.
5.
We ________ (live) in this house since 1999.
6.
Zainab ________ (buy) dinner for me. She is very thoughtful.
7.
Siti and Syed ________ (never be) to Paris.
8.
Esther ________ (teach) in our school for many years.
9.
Chong and Tay ________ (catch) many fish today.
10. The scouts _______ (decide) to go camping next week.
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Advanced Module
EXERCISE 2
With the help of the pictures and words provided, make sentences using the Present
Perfect Tense
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Advanced Module
TEXT B
Read the text below.
Simple ailments like coughs and colds, headaches, sore throat and constipation
can easily be treated at home at minimum cost and maximum safety. Drugs are not
always necessary as our body has its own natural defences to fight off disease. So why
take unnecessary risks?
Colds and flu are viral infections of the nose, throat and air passages, resulting in
inflammation of the mucus membrane lining of these areas. There are many strains of
viruses, over 200 in all, that can cause colds, whereas flu is caused by different kinds,
including the influenza viruses.
They are easily spread by coughing and sneezing when the virus in the mucus is
expelled in the air. Or even by hand contact, for instance, when you touch your nose,
then without washing your hands, you pass the virus on by touching another person.
Cold and flu cause blocked or runny noses, sneezing, coughs, sore throats and
sometimes fever or pain in the joints. There may be mild diarrhoea, especially in young
children. There are no drugs to kill viruses.
What to do when you have cold and flu:
-
Drink plenty of water and get enough rest.
Fruits and fruit juices are very helpful, especially guava, papaya, lemonade and
orange.
In severe cases, paracetamol may help lower fever and relieve body aches and
headaches.
In case of a sore throat, put one teaspoonful of salt in a glass of warm water and
gargle. Do this four or five times a day.
To relieve a blocked nose, take deep breaths of hot water vapour for 15 minutes
several times a day. All you have to do is sit on a chair with a bucket of very hot
water at your feet. Cover your head over the bucket with a sheet and breathe in
the rising vapour.
Take chicken soup. Indians usually prepare rasam, a kind of soup which is just as
good.
Crush some ginger and extract one teaspoon of the juice. Sweeten with honey
and take three times a day for four days.
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Advanced Module

EXERCISE 1
1. What does the author mean by simple ailments can easily be treated at home at
minimum cost and maximum safety?
________________________________________________________________
2. How many types of viruses cause colds?
________________________________________________________________
3. How do cold and flu spread?
________________________________________________________________
4. What are the symptoms of cold and flu?
_______________________________________________________________
5. In paragraph 1, what does the word ailments mean?
_________________________________________________________________
6. In paragraph 3, the word They refers to
_____________________________________________
7. How can cold and flu be treated?
i)
_______________________________________________________
ii)
_______________________________________________________
76
Advanced Module
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
THE PAST PERFECT TENSE
The past perfect tense is made up of:
1
Had + past participle (active)
Had + been + past participle (passive)
Past Perfect Tense is used to :

1. To show that one past action took place or was completed before another
action took place.
e.g.
The bell had rung before I reached school.

The children had gone to bed long before their father got home.
2. To show that an action had been completed / taken place by a particular time
in the past.
e.g.
By the time we arrived at the cinema, the movie had already started.
Mother had cooked dinner by 6.30 p.m. yesterday.
3. To express a wish, a desire or regret about a past event or situation. This is

usually expressed with a conditional clause that contains if.
e.g.
If we had attended Normalas party, we would have met some interesting

people.
If I had listened to you, I wouldnt be in the mess Im in now.
4. To replace the present perfect tense in reported speech.

e.g.
Direct: I have been robbed! screamed the woman.

Reported: The woman screamed that she had been robbed.
Direct: Everyone has gone home, said the watchman.
Reported: The watchman said that everyone had gone home.
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Advanced Module
EXERCISE 1
Match the sentence parts in Box A with Box B. Then write the sentences.
Box A
Box B
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
The plane had landed

We had left the party
The old man couldnt recall
By the time I arrived home,
Brian couldnt see the show
Many areas were flooded
If only I had worked harder
The stench was terrible
We couldnt return our books
Those boys were punished
where he had left his wallet.

mother had cooked dinner.
because all the tickets had been sold out.
I would have done better in my test.
because the librarian had gone home.
before we reached the airport.
because they had been caught smoking.
before the birthday cake was cut.
because the garbage bins had not been emptied.
because it had rained heavily the night before.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
10 ___________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks with the past perfect tense of the verb in brackets.
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Advanced Module
Example:
Mother had gone (go) out before I returned home.
1. The people in my neighbourhood _____________ (put) out the fire in my

neighbours house before the fire-brigade arrived.
2. After Brian _______ (do) his homework, he went to bed.
3. We left the party after we _______ (thank) our host for inviting us.
4. After my grandfather ________ (have) his tea, he went for a short stroll.
5. When I arrived at school yesterday, I discovered that I _______ (leave) my pencil
case at home.
6. The boys continued with their football game after the rain ________ (stop).
7. Mrs Wongs husband _______ (die) before she moved to our area.
8. Darren insisted that he ________ (not steal) Kamals money.
9. The burglar who _______ (break) into many houses in our area was caught
yesterday.
10. Nora __________ (tell) him about the accident that she had on her way to the
office.
EXERCISE 3
For each question, choose the best answer from the options given.
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Advanced Module
1. We were very upset because the bus
5. The librarian made me pay a fine
_____ before we arrived at the bus stop.
because I told her I _____ a library
A had go
book.
B had went
A was lose
C had gone
B was lost
D gone
C had lost
2. By the time the ambulance arrived at the
D had been lost

6. The maid _____ out the clothes to dry
accident scene, two of the accident victims
before 7 a.m. yesterday.
_____ already _____.
A had hanged
A has .. die
B had hung
B was . die
C was hung
C had .. dead
D had been hung
D had .. died
3. By last Friday, most of the students _____
their History project.
7. The gardener sat down to rest after he

_____the garden.
A have completed
A was weeding
B has completed
B was weeded
C had completed
C had been weeded
D had been completed
D had weeded
4. When I got to my aunts house
8. After the children _____ their pictures,
yesterday, it was in darkness. My uncle
they coloured them.
and my cousins _____ her out for
A was drew
dinner.
B had drawn
A had taken
C had been drawn
B had took
D had been drawing
C had been taken

D was taken
WRITING
80
Advanced Module
In about 50 words, write about your favourite food based on the food pyramid. Based on
your food selection, are you eating a balanced diet?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
TEXT C
Read the following text and answer the question below:
81
Advanced Module
The Food Guide Pyramid helps people to understand how to eat

healthy. The stripes represent the five food groups plus fats and oils. Here's what the
letters stand for:
A - grains
B - vegetables
C - fruits
D - fats and oils
E - milk and dairy products
F - meat, beans, fish, and nuts
Notice the girl climbing the staircase up the side of the pyramid? That's a way of
showing kids how important it is to exercise.
The Pyramid Speaks of:

Eat a variety of foods. A balanced diet is one that includes all the food groups. In
82
Advanced Module
other words, have foods from every group.

Eat less of some foods, and more of others. You can see that the stripes for
meat and protein (F) and oils (D) are thinner than the others. That's because you need
less of these than you do of fruits, vegetables, grains and dairy foods.
How Much Do I Need to Eat?
You need to know how much y should eat to stay healthy. It depends on your age,
sex, and how active you are. Kids who are more active burn more calories, so they need
more calories.

1. What is the aim of the Food Guide Pyramid?
___________________________________________________________________
2. How many groups of food are there?
___________________________________________________________________
3. Why is the F stripe thinner than the others?
___________________________________________________________________
4. In paragraph 4, what does the word these mean?
___________________________________________________________________
WORD ATTACK
Read the text again. Provide 3 examples to the group of food below.
a. fruits - ___________________________________________________________
b. vegetables - ____________________________________________________
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
83
Advanced Module
THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE AND THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

EXERCISE 1
Write sentences with the given words.
Example: Man-plant-tree
The man has planted a tree.
1. Policeman catch - thief
____________________________________________________________________
2. We visit most places interest - Japan
____________________________________________________________________
3. I lose pen someone steal - it
____________________________________________________________________
4. He eat some cakes baked - mother
_____________________________________________________________________
5. Men cut trees down and pull to the side
_____________________________________________________________________
6. Derrick not come visit - yet
____________________________________________________________________
7. We live town since - born
____________________________________________________________________
8. He not go to barber for two months
_____________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 2
Answer the following questions with the help of the words given.
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Advanced Module
Example: When did you hand in your project?

(after / I / complete)
I handed it my project after I had competed it.
1. Was Irin surprised when she received the gift?
(she / know / earlier / Carrie)
No, ________________________________________________________________
2. Did the police arrive in time to catch the thief?
(thief / flee / police / arrive)
No, ________________________________________________________________
3. Why did your teacher punish you?
(I / complete / project)
I ___________________________________________________________________
4. Why were there no more rambutans on the tree?
(owner / pick / ripe durians)
The_________________________________________________________________
5. Why didnt Syamin play in the badminton tournament?
(he / injure / his ankle / earlier / match)
He_________________________________________________________________
6. Why didnt the baby drink his milk?
( he / eaten / lunch / at 12 oclock)
He_________________________________________________________________
7. When did you return the magazines to Jamie?
(After / I / read)
I___________________________________________________________________
8. Why was Mrs. Tay angry?
(maid / run / off / with / jewellery)
Her_________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 3
Make sentences of your own using the phrases given.
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Advanced Module
had taken
had been stolen
had swum
had been ironed
had driven
had been cheated
had disappeared
had been expelled
had sunk
10 had been cooked
1. ________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________________
5. ________________________________________________________________
6. ________________________________________________________________
7. ________________________________________________________________
8. ________________________________________________________________
9. ________________________________________________________________
10. ________________________________________________________________
WRITING
86
Advanced Module
During the Consumers Day at school level, you, as the president of the schools
consumer club, was asked to give a speech on Living A Healthy Lifestyle. Your speech
should be about 100 words. Include the points given below.
eat balanced diet
exercise regularly
avoid drinking and smoking
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
ANSWER KEY
WARMER 1
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Advanced Module
1. HEALTHY
2. MORE
3. MEDICINE
4. BLOOD
5. HEART
TEXT A
1. The baby was sickly / The old folk believed that a child would be ill often if his
given name was unsuitable.
2. Healthy, naughty and energetic.
3. Energetic
4. Donating of blood
5. He didnt have to pay a single sen for his hospital bill and is entitled to a first
class ward.
6. He donated blood without thinking of the rewards.
7. Helpful
8. Baby sickly
Adult seldom sick, healthy, thoughtful, a good blood donor / helpful
WORD ATTACK
i)
baby
ii)
sick
iii)
man
iv)
young boy
v)
tell
88
Advanced Module
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
EXERCISE 1
1. have gone
2. has, cooked
3. has taken
4. has not drunk
5. have lived
6. has bought
7. have never been
8. has taught
9. have caught
10. have decided
EXERCISE 2
2. The policeman has arrested a thief.
3. Karim has completed his project.
4. The bird has made a nest.
5. The hen has laid an egg.
6. Dev has made a kite.
7. Mrs Lee has cooked lunch.
8. The cat has caught the rat.
9. The monkey has eaten a banana.
10. The children have gone to bed.
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Advanced Module
TEXT B
EXERCISE 1
1. Our body has its own natural defences to fight of diseases.
2. Over 200
3. by coughing and sneezing
4. Running noses, sneezing, cough, sore throats, fever, pain in the joints.
5. disease
6. influenza viruses
7. drink a lot of water / take fruits and vegetables
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
EXERCISE 1
1. The plane had landed before we reached the airport.
2. We had left the party before the birthday cake was cut.
3. The old man couldnt recall where he had left his wallet.
4. By the time I arrived home, mother had cooked dinner.
5. Brian couldnt see the show because all the tickets had been sold out.
6. Many areas were flooded because it had rained heavily the night before.
7. If only I had worked harder I would have done better in my test.
8. The stench was terrible because the garbage bins had not been emptied.
9. We couldnt return our books because the librarian had gone home.
10. Those boys were punished because they had been caught smoking.
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Advanced Module
EXERCISE 2
1. had put
2. had done
3. had thanked
4. had had
5. had left
6. had stopped
7. had died
8. had not stolen
9. had broken
10 had told
EXERCISE 3
1. C
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. C
7. D
8. B
WRITING
My favourite food is chicken rice. I like chicken rice because it is delicious. I
think it is a balanced diet. It has rice which has carbohydrate and chicken that has
protein. Vegetables that are served with chicken rice are lettuce, cucumber and
tomatoes which contain vitamins. Therefore I think I am eating a balanced diet.
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Advanced Module
TEXT C
1. For people to understand how to eat healthy.
2. 5 groups.
3. Because you need less of these kind of food.
4. meat, protein, oil
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
EXERCISE 1
1. The policeman has caught the thief.
2. We have visited most places of interest in Japan.
3. I have lost a pen as someone has stolen it.
4. He has eaten some cakes baked by his mother.
5. The men have cut the trees down and pulled them to the side.
6. Derrick has not come to visit us yet.
7. We have lived in that town since we were born.
8. He has not gone to the barber for two months.
EXERCISE 2
1. No, she had known about it earlier from Carrie.
2. No, the thief had flee even before the police arrive.
3. I had not completed my project.
4. The owner had picked the ripe durians.
5. He had injured his ankle in an earlier match.
6. He had eaten lunch at 12 oclock.
7. I had written the magazines after I had read them.
8. Her maid had run off with her jewellery.
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Advanced Module
EXERCISE 3
1. She had taken the portrait of her husband down.
2. Jojo had swum across the river to avoid her boyfriend.
3. I had driven all the way to KLIA just to see my long lost girlfriend.
4. She had disappeared into thin air the moment I told her to get lost.
5. The ship had sunk before the rescuers could do anything to save the
passengers.
6. Her new handphone had been stolen a day before she left for Australia.
7. Our differences had been ironed out before we decided to tie the knot.
8. I had been cheated several times by the opposite sex.
9. The rowdy students had been expelled from the school.
10. The Principals pet chicken had been cooked by the senior assistants son.
WRITING
Living A Healthy Lifestyle
Good morning to the principal, teachers and friends. Today Im going to talk
about Living A Healthy Lifestyle. What does living a healthy lifestyle means? First we
need to eat a balanced diet to be healthy.
A balanced diet is one that includes all the food groups. In other words, have
foods from every group which are grains, fats and oils, milk and dairy products and
meat, beans, fish and nuts.
We also need to exercise regularly. We need to exercise at least 20 minutes a
day three times a week. You can either jog or walk around the park near your house.
Please avoid drinking and smoking as they are bad for your health. If you are
smoking try to stop your habit. If you feel like smoking, occupy yourself by doing other
useful activities. Remember health is better than wealth. So take good care of your
health. Thank you.
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WEEK 20
ENVIRONMENT
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Advanced Module
WEEK
20
THEME
ENVIRONMENT
TIME
5 HOURS
OBJECTIVES:
develop reading sub-skills and answer questions of different levels of

difficulties
identify types of tenses and construct grammatically correct sentences
write based on an outline focusing on specific main ideas
WARMER
Words in the box are things that can be recycled. Circle the words that you can
identify.
IRON
STEEL
BRASS
COPPER
ZINC
GOLD
D
R
U
V
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E
P
A
P
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N
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P
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TIN CANS
ALUMINUM CANS
CARS
LEAD
PLASTICS
MOTOR OIL
G
T
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N
O
G
A
S
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A
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A
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K
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METALS
GLASS
JARS
RAGS
PAPERS
NEWSPAPER
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TEXT A
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Advanced Module
Read the dialogue below carefully.

Azlina and Lai Ching are helping Geetha to tidy up her room. Geetha picks up a
stack of papers and throws them into the wastepaper basket.
Azlina :
Hey! Why are you throwing those papers away?
Geetha:
Theyre my old worksheets. I dont need them any more. Theyre useless to
me now. Even my brother threw his away last weekend. He had also burnt
books that he had been using 5 years ago. The garbage truck is coming
later.
Azlina:
Thats where youre wrong. You only wrote on one side of the paper. The
other side can be used for rough work and telephone messages.
Geetha:
Why bother? Ive lots of fresh paper; besides, paper is cheap anyway.
Lai Ching:
Its not a question of money. Do you know how many trees are felled every
year? The earths natural resources are gradually depleting. Mankind has
done a lot of damage to the earth, so we have to do our part to save it.
Geetha:
Oh dear! I didnt know it was that serious. I should have known. What should
we do?
Azlina:
Well, we should reuse and recycle materials whenever possible. Plastic

bags for carrying groceries can be reused. I have been using a shopping
bag since last year. That way, you dont have to take any plastic bags. The
Westerners have been using paper bags instead of plastic bags. If we are to
do so, this will help to make our environment cleaner. This cuts down on
unnecessary wastage.
Lai Ching:
We should also try to reduce our energy consumption. Set the temperature
of your air-conditioner higher. You will still feel comfortable. There is no point
setting to a low temperature to the extent that you have to cover yourself
with a blanket.
Geetha:
Oh, in that case, by next month, my electricity bill will show a noticeable
decrease.
Azlina:
Walk and cycle for short distances instead of driving. You can help reduce
air pollution and at the same time exercise. For longer distances, take the
public transport.
Geetha :
I have thought of an idea! We can also collect rainwater to water plants.
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Advanced Module
Lai Ching:
Youre catching on fast! But first, lets retrieve your worksheets from the
wastepaper basket.
Adapted From Effective Topical English, (2005)

EXERCISE 1
1. The dialogue is mainly about ways
A. to fight air pollution
B. of recycling materials
C. of reducing petrol usage
D. of preserving the environment
2. The word depleting in the dialogue can best be replaced with
A. fading
B. collapsing
C. diminishing
D. wearing out
3. The word it in the dialogue refers to
A. the damage to earth
B. the natural resources
C. the earth that we live in
D. the habitats in the forest
4. Why should we take our own plastic bags when we go shopping?
A. To avoid wastage of plastic bags
B. Its more convenient to bring our own bags
C. To make it easier to identify our purchases
D. Shopping centers do not provide plastic bags
5. Azlina recommends walking and cycling for short distances mainly to
A. work out our body
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Advanced Module
B. save money on transport

C. maintain good air quality
D. reduce petrol consumption
6. The sentence Youre catching on fast means that Geetha
A. is getting the hint to recycle materials used
B. is getting the message to conserve the environment
C. is listening intently to her friends conversation
D. is contributing ideas on ways to recycle materials
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the boxes with the information from TEXT 1.
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Advanced Module
used papers:
things we use at
home
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------plastic bags:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HOW TO
SAVE THE
ENVIRONMENT
air conditioner usage:

energy and water
consumption
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------rain water:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
use of vehicles:
-----------------------------------------------transportation
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------
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Advanced Module
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 3
With the help of a dictionary, find the meaning of the words in context.
1. rough
2. fresh
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3. felled
________________________________________________________
4. groceries
________________________________________________________
B.MAKING SENSE OF THE TEXT
5. retrieve
________________________________________________________
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
TENSES
Study the Grammar Rules below and complete the exercises that follow.
We use tenses to indicate present time, past time and future time in sentences.
Tenses are indicated in the form of VERBS in sentences.
The following examples will explain in detail on the use of tenses.
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
We use the Simple Present when we talk about something which happens repeatedly.
Eg: Ali walks to school everyday.
We use the Simple Present to describe a series of actions in the present.

Eg: Every morning, Ali wakes up, brushes his teeth and takes a bath.
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Advanced Module
EXERCISE 4
1. Ali _________________ (wash) his car every Saturday.
2. Aminah _____________ (iron) her clothes every morning.
3. Every day, Ali _________ (read) books, _______ (do) his homework and
_________ (play) football.
4. Every Sunday morning, Aminah ________ (go) to the market, ________ (buy)
newspaper and ____________ (do) house chores.
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
We use the Simple Past when we talk about something which started and finished in the
past.
Eg: Yesterday, Ali walked to school.
We use the Simple Past to describe a series of actions in the past.

Eg: Yesterday, Ali woke up, brushed his teeth and took a bath.
We can use the Simple Past together with the Past Continuous .
Eg: Yesterday, while Ali was walking to school, he saw a cat.
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Advanced Module
EXERCISE 5
1. Yesterday, Ali ________ (break) a vase.
2. Last night, Amimah ________ (fry) rice.
3. Last Saturday, Ali _________ (read) books, _______ (do) his homework and
_________ (play) football.
4. Last Sunday, Aminah ________ (go) to the market, ________ (buy)

newspaper and ____________ (do) house chores.
5. Yesterday, while Ali was sleeping, he _____ (dream) about a girl.
6. Last night, while Aminah was preparing dinner, she ________ (cut) herself
accidentally.
SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
We use Future Tense to show actions which will happen in future.

Eg: Tomorrow, Ali will walk to school.
EXERCISE 6
1. Next Monday, Ali _____________ (go) to the cinema.
2. Next week, Aminah ___________ (marry) Ali.
3. I ___________ ( attend) a course in Kuantan, next week.
4. The boys _______________ (study) in the library.
5. The doctor _______________ ( come ) shortly.
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Advanced Module
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
We use the Present Continuous to show an action which is happening at the moment of
speaking.
Eg: Now, Ali is reading a book.
EXERCISE 7
1. Now, Ali _________ (wash) a car.
2. Aminah ___________ (bathe) now.
3. The cats ______________ (sleep ).
4. The farmers _________________ ( rest) under a tree.
5. My teacher _________________ (mark ) the books.
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Advanced Module
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
We use the Past Continuous to show continued states and repeated actions which
happened in the past.
Eg: Yesterday evening, Ali was reading a book.
We also use the Past Continuous together with the Simple Past Tense.
Eg: Yesterday, while Ali was walking to school, he saw a cat.
We use Past Continuous to show two actions which were in progress at the same time.
Eg: Yesterday, while Ali was reading, Ahmad was sleeping.
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Advanced Module
EXERCISE 8
1. Ali ___________ (clean) his room the whole afternoon.
2. Aminah ___________ (sew) a new dress the whole evening.
3. Last night, while Ali __________ (sleep), he dreamt about a girl.
4. Yesterday evening, while Aminah _________ (cooking), she burnt herself
accidentally.
5. Just now, while Ali ______________ (sing), Aminah danced gracefully.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
We use Future Continuous Tense when you are sure that an action will happen because
arrangements have been made.
Eg: Tomorrow, Ali will be going to the zoo.
EXERCISE 9
1. Next week, Ali _____________ (visit) his aunt.
2. Next Monday, Aminah ___________ (buy) a new dress.
3. The boys ______________ ( join ) a camp in two weeks time.
4. The dancers ______________ (perform ) at the concert.
5. The naughty boys ________________ ( help ) the discipline master.
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Advanced Module
EXERCISE 10
Construct sentences from the verbs given. Refer to the example given below.
Example:
Present
Past
Future
Simple
I play.
I played.
I will play.
Continuous
I am playing.
I was playing.
I will be playing.
i ) Construct simple sentences using the word study

Simple
Continuous
present
past
future
Ii )Construct simple sentences using the word eat
Simple
Continuous
Present
Past
Future
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Advanced Module
WRITING
EXERCISE 11
You are asked to give a talk on Environment Day during the school assembly.
Write a speech on How to Save the Environment in not less than 200 words.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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Advanced Module
TEXT B
Conservatively, we change one tyre a year. Each tyre is about 8kg, says Prof
Zaini Ujang, director of Universiti Teknologi Malaysias Institute of Environmental and
Water Resource Management.It is a whopping 112 million tones a year. Interestingly,
Prof Zaini said that very few tyres actually make it to the landfills. It all boils down to
ringgit and sen, he explained. Tyres are heavy and they take up so much space in a
truck. Its expensive to transport them to landfills. So tyre shop owners prefer to find
cheaper ways of disposing them.
Some become flower pots in schools, barriers at go-kart tracks or fenders at
ports. The bigger part spends the rest of eternity stacked up in landfills, rivers, jungles
or mining ponds where they become ideal breeding places for mosquitoes, rats and
snakes. Thousands are burnt, releasing billowing black, chock full of oily clouds of
chemicals, acid, carbon monoxide, zinc and lead. Once ignited, they burn like Nero.
They cant be compacted and they dont decompose.
Recently, Asian countries such as Singapore, China and India have followed the
tracks of developed nations to ban the land filling of tyres or hold people legally
accountable for its disposal. Here, we are still trying to hatch the Solid Waste
Management Bill basic of all basics for waste management. And we have been sitting
on it for 10 years. We are a long way from legislating waste tyres. It is not that it isnt a
serious problem, but first, the Bill must be in place, said Prof Zaini.
In countries where disposal is regulated, shredded tyres have successfully been
used as carpet underlay, pavements roads and landfill liners. An innovative process
called pyrolisis turns it into gas, oil, carbon char and steel.
Nestled within green valleys in Langkawi, a cement plant has been quietly working
on what its management believes could lend a hand in tackling Malaysias wheel woes.
Since January, Lafarge Malayan Cement has been feeding its kilns burning appetite for
fuel with 50 tonnes of scrap tyres every day. If expanded to full capacity across all five
of its plant, up to 12 times more tyres about 150,000 tonnes a year could be
disposed off in a nature friendly way. Because of the super-high temperatures of
1,300 degrees in kilns, the combustion of tyres is complete, making emissions safe.
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Advanced Module
Emissions are monitored full time by the Department of Environment. Tyres have
been successfully replacing coal in Lafarge plants in countries like the United States,
Canada, France, Austria and Poland since the 1980s.
Ironically, although Malaysia has an inexhaustible supply of used tyres, the
company is forced to order them from Singapore. It is apparently a problem of
organization as Malaysia has the tyres but no system to collect them. Until someone
rises to the challenge, or laws finally grind into place to regulate tyre disposal, it looks
like our abandoned tyres are going to continue rolling down the dark path of no return.
Adapted From Topical English, Sistem, (2007)

EXERCISE 1
1. Why are tyres not sent to the landfills?
___________________________________________________________________
2. What are the environmental implications of burning tyres?
___________________________________________________________________
3. Why are landfills not an option for sending the tyres?
___________________________________________________________________
4. Why is legislation necessary in order to ban land filling of tyres.
___________________________________________________________________
5. Which word in the paragraph 6 means resolving?
___________________________________________________________________
6. What is unique about the cement plant?
___________________________________________________________________
7. Why are tyres ordered from Singapore?
___________________________________________________________________
WORD ATTACK
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Advanced Module
EXERCISE 2
Match the words below with their meanings.
Vocabulary
Meanings
1. conservatively
very large
2. whooping
a moving cloud or mass of something such as smoke to

fill
3. stacked up
to start learning
to control an activity or process
something that exists in such large amounts that can
4. billowing
5. chock
never be finished or used up
6. ignited
the problems and troubles affecting someone
8. regulated
to make a law about something
9. woes
to fill till bursting
10. inexhaustible
to store something safely somewhere
not liking changes or new ideas
7. legislating
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Advanced Module
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
EXERCISE 3
The verbs below are taken from Text B. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of
verbs to match the tenses.
Simple Present Tense
Simple Past
Tense
Progressive Tense
(am/is/ are/ was/
were) + ing
Perfect Tense
(have/ has/ had) +
go / goes
lead / leads
change / changes
do / does
said
make / makes
boil / boils
explained
take / takes
find / finds
spend / spends
stashed
become / becomes
burn / burns
followed
ban / bans
hold / holds
trying
sitting
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Advanced Module
EXERCISE 4
Choose the correct form of verbs to complete the sentences below.
1.
The earth __________ around the sun. (move, moves, moved)
2.
My friends _________ the Prime Minister yesterday. (see, have seen, saw)
3.
It started to rain while we ________ tennis. (are playing, were playing, had
played)
4.
He _______ fast when the accident happened. (is driving, was driving, drove)
5.
He ________ asleep while he was driving. (falls, fell, has fallen)
6.
She _________ a mill in this town. (have, has , is having)
7.
It _______ . (rains, rained) yesterday.
8.
Dont disturb me. I ________ my homework. (do, did, am doing)
9.
The plane _________ at 3.30pm. (arrives, will arrive)
10.
I will phone when he ________ back. (comes, will come)
11.
When I get home, my dog, _________ at the gate waiting for me.(sits, will be
sitting)
12.
I __________ the Edwards this evening. (visit, am visiting)
13.
Look at those black clouds. It ______. (will rain, raining)
14.
Perhaps we ________ Ipoh next month. (visit, will visit)
15.
She jumped off the bus while it _________ (moved, had moved, was moving).
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ANSWER KEY
WARMER
D
R
U
V
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E
P
A
P
S
W
E
N
C
E
E
M
W
L
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B
G
F
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A
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P
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P
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D
O
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G
T
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N
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A
S
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A
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A
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K
J
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A
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I
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B
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O
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N
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D
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O
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A
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I
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S
R
O
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E
L
A
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N
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Q
W
O
O
D
E
J
G
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S
N
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N
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E
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M
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C
TEXT A
EXERCISE 1
1. D
2. C
3. C
4. A
5. C
6. B
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Advanced Module
EXERCISE 2
things we use at
home
energy & water

consumption
HOW TO SAVE THE

ENVIRONMENT
transportation
Used Papers:
Use the other side of used paper for
rough work and telephone messages.
Plastic bags:
Reuse plastic bags for carrying
groceries.
Air Conditioner Usage:

Set the temperature of air-conditioner
to higher level.
RAIN WATER:
Collect rain water to water plants.
Usage Of Vehicles:
Try to use the car less.
Walk and cycle if short distance.
Take public transport if longer distance.
EXERCISE 3
rough
:write or draw something without paying attention to details or tidiness
fresh
:new
felled
:cut down a tree
groceries
:food and other goods that are sold at a supermarket/ grocer
retrieve
:to find something and bring it back
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Advanced Module
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
EXERCISE 4
washes
irons
reads, does, plays
goes, buys, does
EXERCISE 5
broke
fried
read, did, played
went, bought, did
dreamt,
cut
EXERCISE 6
will go
will marry
will attend
will study
will come
EXERCISE 7
is washing
is bathing
are sleeping
are resting
is marking
EXERCISE 8
was cleaning
was sewing
was sleeping
was cooking
was singing
EXERCISE 9
will be visiting
will be buying
will be joining
will be performing
will be helping
EXERCISE 10
Present
Past
Future
Simple
I study.
I studied.
I shall study.
Continuous
I am studying.
I was studying.
I will be studying.
Present
Past
Future
Simple
I eat.
I ate.
I shall eat.
Continuous
I am eating.
I was eating.
I will be eating.
WRITING
EXERCISE 11
Good morning boys and girls. My name is Encik Zainal bin Abu. I am from the
Department of Environment. Today I am going to give a talk on How to save the
environment.
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Advanced Module
First of all, lets look at the things that we use at home. The papers that have
been used, for example, your worksheets or photocopied materials can be recycled. We
can do this by using the other side of the used papers for rough work and telephone
messages. We can reduce the number of trees being felled to produce papers. As for
plastic bags that we obtained from the grocer or supermarket, we should reuse these
plastic for carrying other groceries and as garbage bags.
The second aspect that we can do to save our environment is to minimize energy
and water consumption. Some of the things we can do are, if we use air conditioners in
our homes, set the temperature to a higher-level so as to conserve energy and we can
also collect rain water to water plants and wash our cars or the porch.
As for transportation, dont be lazy! Try to use the cars or motorcycles less. We
can walk or cycle if the distance is short. Take the public transport if we need to go
longer distance.
In conclusion, let us work together to save our earth before it is too late! With this, I
thank you.
TEXT B
EXERCISE 1
1. Tyres are not sent to the landfills because they are heavy and take up a lot of
space in a truck making it expensive to transport them.
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Advanced Module
2. When tyres are burnt, they release billowing black, oily clouds full of chemicals,
acid, carbon monoxide, zinc and lead which adversely affect the environment.
3. Landfills are not a good option for sending tyres because when they are ignited,
they burn for a long time and do not decompose thus choking the air with
pollution.
4. Legislation is necessary to ban land filling of tyres because of its negative effect
on the environment. Once the bill is introduced and disposal of tyres regulated,
shredded tyres can be used as carpet underlay, pavements roads and landfill
liners. An innovative process called pyrolisis turns it into gas, oil, carbon char and
steel.
5. tackling
6. The cement plant can help with our problems related to disposal of tyres in a
nature-friendly way. Because of the super-high temperatures of 1300 degrees in
kilns, the combustion of tyres is complete, making emissions safe. In addition,
the emissions are monitored constantly by the Department of Environment. Tyres
have been successfully replacing coal in many western countries since the
1980s.
7. Tyres are ordered from Singapore because although Malaysia has the tyres,
there is no organized system to collect them.
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Advanced Module
EXERCISE 2
1. conservatively
not liking changes or new ideas
2. whooping
very large
3. stacked up
to store something safely somewhere
4. billowing
a moving cloud or mass of something such as smoke
5. chock
to fill till bursting
6. ignited
to start learning
7. legislating
to make a law about something
8. regulated
to control an activity or process
9. woes
the problems and troubles affecting someone
10. inexhaustible
something that exists in such large amounts that can never

be finished or used up.
EXERCISE 3
PRESENT
PAST
CONTINUOUS
PAST PARTICIPLE
go / goes
went
going
gone
lead / leads
led
leading
lead
change / changes
changed
changing
changed
do / does
did
doing
done
say / says
said
saying
said
make / makes
made
making
made
boil / boils
boiled
boiling
boiled
explain / explains
explained
explaining
explained
take / takes
took
taking
taken
find / finds
found
finding
found
spend / spends
spent
spending
spent
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Advanced Module
stash / stashes
stashed
stashing
stashed
become / becomes
became
becoming
become
burn / burns
burnt / burned
burning
burnt / burned
follow / follows
followed
following
followed
ban / bans
banned
banning
banned
hold / holds
held
holding
held
try / tries
tried
trying
tried
sit / sits
sat
sitting
Sat
EXERCISE 4
1. moves
2. saw
3. were playing
4. was driving
5. fell
6. has
7. rained
8. am doing
9. will arrive
10. comes
11. sits
12. am visiting
13. will rain
14. will visit
15. was moving.
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WEEK 21
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
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Advanced Module
WEEK
: 21
THEME
: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
TIME
: 5 HOURS
OBJECTIVES : By the end of this unit, you should be able to:
develop reading skill.
use dictionary as an aid to improve comprehension of text.
able to correctly complete grammar exercises pertaining to the

grammar item learnt in this unit question forms
skim and scan the text to identify synonyms and antonyms based on
words and phrases in the text.
write short essays, incorporating the grammar item learned in this

unit.
WARMER
Here are some of the branches of science. What is studied in each field? Use your
dictionary if necessary.
astronomy
- ______________________________________________________
medicine
- ______________________________________________________
botany
- ______________________________________________________
meteorology - ______________________________________________________
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TEXT A
Breast-Fed Babies Less Likely To Be Overweight Children
More months on breast milk as infants may mean fewer pounds on older children and
teens later, according to a Harvard Medical School study in the May 16 issue of the
Journal of the American Medical Association.
"This study suggests that breast-feeding may prevent obesity later in life," says lead
author Matthew Gillman, MD, associate professor at Harvard Medical School and
Harvard
Pilgrim
Health
Care.
"Our
study, along
with
others,
supports
the
recommendation of the American Academy of Pediatrics to breast-feed infants for the

first year."
Obesity has risen dramatically among children and adults. Overweight teens tend to
have higher blood pressure and cholesterol, lower self esteem, and on average do not
fare well in school and earn less as young adults. They are also much more likely to
grow into obese adults who face serious health consequences, such as heart disease,
diabetes and arthritis.
"Once present, obesity is hard to treat," Gillman says. "For these reasons, prevention is
paramount."
Gillman and his colleagues analyzed questionnaires filled out by 8,186 girls and 7,155
boys ages 9 to 14 in the Growing Up Today Study. About 5 percent of the girls and 9
percent of the boys were overweight, defined as having a body mass index (weight
divided by height squared) greater than 95 percent of children of the same age and sex.
That's slightly lower than found in the general U.S. population.
When the researchers questioned the mothers all part of the Nurses' Health Study II
they found that 62 percent of the children were only or mostly fed breast milk for the first
six months of life, while 31 percent were only or mostly fed infant formula. Just less than
one-half were breast-fed for at least seven months, and about one-third were breast-fed
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for three months or less. Nationally, less than 30 percent of infants are breast-fed for at
least 6 months.
Among the mostly breast fed, about 4 percent of the girls and 7 percent of the boys were
overweight compared to the 6 percent of the girls and 11 percent of the boys fed mostly
infant formula. Among those who were breast fed for seven months or more, about 4
percent of the girls and 7 percent of the boys were overweight compared to about 6
percent of girls and 12 percent of boys who drank breast milk for three months or less.
The researchers statistically adjusted the results for age, gender, sexual maturity, total
calorie intake, physical activity, time watching television, mothers body mass index, and
other social, economic and lifestyle factors known to influence weight. In this study,
breast-feeding includes women who fed infants breast milk extracted from breast pumps.
The adjusted figures show that infants who were breast-fed more than formula fed or
who were breast-fed for longer periods had approximately 20 percent lower risk of being
overweight in the preteen and teen years for example. Gillman would like to see further
studies among more representative samples of the U.S. population.
"Breast milk is already acknowledged as the best food for infants," says William Dietz,
division of nutrition and physical activity, Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, in
an accompanying editorial. "The increased initiation and duration of breastfeeding may
also provide a low-cost, readily available strategy to help prevent childhood and
adolescent obesity."
The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health, Harvard Medical School and
the Harvard Pilgrim Health Care foundation. Gillman was a Robert Wood Johnson
Generalist Faculty Physician at the time this work was performed.
Note: This story has been adapted from a news release issued by Harvard Medical
School.Science Daily- May 16, 2001
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1. What is the main idea of the text above?
____________________________________________________________
2. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, how long should a mother
nurse her baby?
_____________________________________________________________
3. What are the risk factors when a teen is obese?
_____________________________________________________________
4. Why is prevention of obesity crucial?
_____________________________________________________________
5. What does a body mass index measure?
_____________________________________________________________
6. Nationally, less than 30 percent of infants are breast-fed for at least 6 months.
What does the statement imply and what are the contributing factors to the issue
mentioned?
________________________________________________________________
7. Identify what the pronouns below refer to:
- this (paragraph 2)
_______________________________________
- they (paragraph 3) -
_______________________________________
- these (paragraph 4) -
_______________________________________
- his (paragraph 5)
_______________________________________
- they (paragraph 6) -
________________________________________
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8. Transfer the information in Text A into an appropriate graphic organizer.
BABIES
Breastfed for less

than six months.
Problems
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WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 1
Complete the following table
Word
Synonym
Antonym
infant
obesity
fare
paramount
extracted
initiation
EXERCISE 2
Now, construct a sentence for each of the words above.
infant
- ___________________________________________________
obesity
- ___________________________________________________
fare
- ___________________________________________________
paramount
- ___________________________________________________
extracted
- ___________________________________________________
initiation
- ___________________________________________________
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LANGUAGE AWARENESS
TAG QUESTIONS
We use:
The negative Question-Tag for positive statement
Examples:
- She will recover soon, wont she?
- Breast milk is the perfect source of nutrition for infants, isnt it?
The positive question-tag for negative statement
Examples:
- Mothers are not urged to discard colostrums, are they?
- House dust isnt the major problem of allergy, is it?
If the statement contains a main verb, you must use the auxiliary do in the
Question-Tag. The tenses of the auxiliary do are determined by the tenses of
the main verb in the sentence.
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Examples:
- He appears calm, doesnt he?
- She lost her leg in the accident, didnt she?
- Vegetables contain a lot of fibre, dont they?
EXERCISE 1
Add tag questions to the following.
1. They want to invent something, _______________?
2. Elizabeth is a dentist,______________?
3. They wont be here,_______________?
4. There arent any problems,______________?
5. That is your umbrella,_____________?
6. George is a student,______________?
7. Hes learned a lot in the last couple of years,______________?
8. Many flowers have medicinal values,______________?
9. Joan cant come with us,______________________?
10. Shell help us later,_________________?
11. Peggy would like to come with us to the conference,_______________?
12. Those arent Freds notebook,________________?
13. Youve never been to Paris,_________________?
14. Something is wrong with him today,______________?
15. Some aquatic animals cannot breathe in the air,_______________?
16. Nobody cheated on the exam,_________________?
17. Nothing went wrong while I was gone,__________________?
18. I am invited,_________________?
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EXERCISE 2
Provide responses to the following questions.
1. The room isnt too small, is it?
____________________
2. The cat wont scratch, will it? ____________________

3. The judges werent fair, were they?___________________
4. The robbers havent been caught, have they?______________________
5. She doesnt know the way to the clinic, does she?__________________
6. You neednt post the letter today, need you?_____________________
7. They are not allowed to eat here, are they?______________________
8. The school field will not be used today, will it?__________________
9. They arent ready to perform, are they?_________________________
10. The train will be delayed, wont it? ____________________________
EXERCISE 3
Read this dialogue. There are seven mistakes in the use of question tags. Underline and
correct them. The first mistake has already been corrected.
Ben
: Its been a long time, Joe, havent it? hasnt
Joe
: That depends on what you mean by a long time, doesnt that? _____________
Ben
: What are you doing round here, anyway? Its dangerous. _________________
Joe
: I can take care of myself. Im still alive, arent I? ______________
Ben
: Yes, but youre still wanted by the police, are you? ____________
Joe
: Look, I need a place to stay. Youve got a place, havent you? Just for one
night.__________
Ben
: I have to think of my wife and kids. You can find somewhere else, can you?
Joe
: No. Youve got to help me! _____________
Ben
: Ive already helped you enough. I went to prison for you, havent I? __________
Joe
: Yeah, OK, Ben. You remember what happened last June, do you? __________
Ben
: OK, OK. I can make a phone call. _____________
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EXERCISE 4
Choose 3 positive statements and 3 negative statements from the text. Then change
them into questions using question tags.
Eg: Obesity has risen dramatically among children and adults, hasnt it?
Positive statements
1._____________________________________________________________________
2._____________________________________________________________________
3._____________________________________________________________________
Negative statements
1._____________________________________________________________________
2._____________________________________________________________________
3.____________________________________________________________________
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WRITING
Write an essay entitled Effects of Watching TV. Your essay must be in about 50 words.
______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
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TEXT B
INNOVATIONS AND INVENTIONS
Almost everyday, we see and hear about all kinds of new and innovative products
that promise to make our work easier and our lives more comfortable as well as save us
valuable time. More and more products flood the market, as our needs change and our
demands grow. While some of these items are new inventions, others are modifications
of existing things that have now become better, more attractive or more practical to use.
Look at the telephone for example. Decades ago in Malaysia, it was only available
in black, and it was heavy, clumsy-looking and used a finger dial. Later, however,
improvements were made on it, such as making it lighter so it could be moved around
easily, and using a push-button key-pad to dial the number faster. There are a wide
range of telephones available these days, in attractive colours, shapes and sizes. New
designs are constantly being created to cater to different groups of people.
Look at the items listed below and think about their functions, their strengths and
weaknesses. How would these things change over the next 30 years to meet the needs
of future Malaysian youths? What modifications could be made to these objects so that
their good features become better? How could their present weaknesses be improved?
The alarm clock
Sports shoes
The mobile phone
The calculator
Choose one of the above and make a concept sketch (a drawing without
dimensions) of it on the following page with your suggested improvements added.

Adapted from Advance With English, Longman.
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1. How do new and innovative products help us?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. Why are there more and more innovative products flooding the market?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. Why are new telephone designs constantly being created?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. Years ago, how did the telephone look like in Malaysia?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. Find another word or a phrase that is similar to the word modification in para 1.
______________________________________________________________________
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WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 1
Find the synonyms for the words in the box below.
Words
Synonyms
1. inventions
2. decades
3. flood
4. practical
5. designs
6. needs
EXERCISE 2
Construct a sentence from each of the words given.
1. inventions
___________________________________________________________________
2. decades
___________________________________________________________________
3. practical
___________________________________________________________________
4. designs
___________________________________________________________________
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LANGUAGE AWARENESS
Language Focus- WH-QUESTION WORDS
A question that asks for information normally uses one of the following question words:
when, where, why, who, whose, what, which, how
WH QUESTION
WORD
When
FUNCTION
EXAMPLE
To ask information
Q: When did Omar go to the gallery?
about time
A: He went to the gallery during the

holidays.
Where
To ask
information Q: Where were you yesterday?
Why
about place/location
To ask for reason
A: I was at the library.

Q: Why did Armand go to the railway
station?
A: He went to the station to pick Shaffi up.
Q: Who wrote The Runaway Jury?
Who
To ask about people
Whose
To ask
What
about possession
A: Its Azmirs
To
ask
about Q: What is he doing?
(i) + a form of do
activities
A: John Grisham wrote it.

information Q: Whose diskette is this?
A: He is reading a book on psychology.
(ii) + a noun
Q: What games do you play?

To ask for specific A: I play football and badminton.
Which
information
To ask a question Q: Which is a better shade of blue,
that requires you to
How
electric blue or royal blue?
make a choice
A: I prefer royal blue to electric blue.
To ask about means Q: How did you get here?
of transport, manner, A: I took a cab.
frequency,
distance
and Q: How often do you visit your sister?

A: Once a month.
EXERCISE 1
Write WH-questions for the following sentences.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
Response
He goes to school by bus.
He took my friends racket.
She is my mother.
The boy cannot buy the book because
Question
he has lost her money.

5. She is going home because she has to
prepare lunch.
6. We employed Mr. Tan because of his
qualification.
EXERCISE 2
Construct two Wh-Questions for each of the statements below.
1. To make T-shirts, we have to choose a suitable type of material.
2. The changes often involve chemical reactions or processes.
3. In order to make the rubber shoes, the rubber taken from the rubber tree has to be
treated.
4. Wool from the sheep must be cleaned and separated into the different grades of
wool.
WRITING
Based on the theme Science and Technology, choose an object of your interest.
Describe the object in about 100 words.
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ANSWER KEY
WARMER
astronomy the scientific study of stars.
medicine the treatment and study of illness and injuries.
botany study of plants.
meteorology the scientific study of weather condition.

1. Breast-fed babies are less likely to be obese.
2. For a year.
3. Higher blood pressure and cholesterol, lower self esteem, fare less in school
and earn less as adult.
4. They may face crucial health problems such as heart disease, diabetes and
arthritis.
5. To measure ideal weight.
6. Those mothers do not breastfeed their babies for long. Reasons are working
mothers, time constrain, beauty conscious reasons and other logical reasons.
7. - this
- Harvard Medical School
- they
- overweight teens.
- these
- serious health consequences and hard to treat
- his
- Gillman
- they
- researchers
8.
BABIES
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Breastfed for less than

six months.
Obese
Problems
Health Problems
Social Problems
Higher Blood Pressure.
Lower Self Esteem.
Higher Cholesterol.
Fare less well in school.
Heart Disease.
Earn less as young adults.
Diabetes.
Arthritis.
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 1
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Word
Synonym
Antonym
infant
baby
adult
obesity
overweight
thin
fare
perform
not performing
paramount
important
unimportant
extracted
to remove
to put back
initiation
practice
end
EXERCISE 2
infant
- The mother carried the infant in her arms.
Obesity
- Many people suffer from obesity.
fare
- My pupils did not fare well in their examination.
paramount
- The interest of the teachers should be of paramount importance.
extracted
- The text was extracted from the magazine.
initiation
- The initiation ceremony is very elaborate.
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
EXERCISE 1
1. They want to invent something, dont they?
2. Elizabeth is a dentist, isnt she?
3. They wont be here, will they?
4. There arent any problems, are there?
5. That is your umbrella, isnt it ?
6. George is a student, isnt he?
7. Hes learned a lot in the last couple of years, hasnt he?
8. Many flowers have medicinal values, dont/havent they?
9. Joan cant come with us, can she?
10. Shell help us later,? wont she?
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11. Peggy would like to come with us to the conference, wouldnt she?
12. Those arent Freds notebook, are they?
13. Youve never been to Paris, have you?
14. Something is wrong with him today, isnt it?
15. Some aquatic animals cannot breathe in the air, can they?
16. Nobody cheated on the exam, did they?
17. Nothing went wrong while I was gone, did it?
18. I am invited, arent I?
EXERCISE 2
1. The room isnt too small, is it? No, it isnt .
2. The cat wont scratch, will it? No, it wont
3. The judges werent fair, were they? No, they werent
4. The robbers havent been caught, have they? No they havent
5. She doesnt know the way to the clinic, does she? No, she doesnt
6. You neednt post the letter today, need you? No, I neednt
7. They are not allowed to eat here, are they? No, they arent
8. The school field will not be used today, will it? No, it wont.
9. They arent ready to perform, are they? No, they arent.
10. The train will be delayed, wont it? Yes it will.
EXERCISE 3
Ben
: Its been a long time, Joe, havent it? hasnt
Joe
: That depends on what you mean by a long time, doesnt that? doesnt it
Ben
: What are you doing round here, anyway? Its dangerous.
Joe
: I can take care of myself. Im still alive, amnt I? arent
Ben
: Yes, but youre still wanted by the police, are you? arent
Joe
: Look, I need a place to stay. Youve got a place, havent you? Just for one night.
Ben
: I have to think of my wife and kids. You can find somewhere else, can you?
cant
Joe
: No. Youve got to help me!
Ben
: Ive already helped you enough. I went to prison for you, havent I? didnt
Joe
: Yeah, OK, Ben. You remember what happened last June, do you? dont
Ben
: OK, OK. I can make a phone call.
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EXERCISE 4
Positive statements
1.
The bell has rung, hasnt it?
2.
Mohan opened the window, didnt he?
3.
I am still alive, arent I?
Negative statements
1.
It isnt raining is it?
2.
They wont report us, will they?
3.
He shouldnt drive so fast, should he?
WRITING
EFFECTS OF WATCHING TOO MUCH TV
Discoveries and invention of devices are always welcome till we, humans, find a way to
abuse its benefits and be adversely affected by it. This was the case when Wilhelm
Roentgen discovered x-ray and within five years, the British Army was using a mobile xray unit to locate bullets and shrapnel in wounded soldiers in the Sudan. TV was also
invented with positive thoughts in mind there would be no national borders, education
and communication would be worldwide, etc. However, we are now trying to overcome
its physiological and psychological adverse effects on human beings.
One of the physiological effects of watching TV in excessive amounts is eye-strain. It is
true that there are specifications for watching TV; TV should be 5 m. away from the eye,
the room should be adequately lit, TV should be placed at the same height with our
eyes, etc. However, these do not prevent our eyes from getting tired if we keep watching
TV for a long time. Another effect is obesity, which is widely observed in people who like
watching TV and eating snacks everyday (there is even a term TV snacks to refer to
fast food that is suitable for eating in front of the TV). TV is such a powerful machine that
people cannot get away from it it is addictive.
Apart from the physiological effects, TV also causes psychological effects. One is a
result of being exposed to violence. After seeing so many violent scenes on TV, people
start considering violent actions normal and they lose their sensitivity to their
environment. Partly connected to this effect, the interpersonal communication among
people decreases. Being insensitive to the suffering of other people causes people to
become alienated. Also, after coming home from work people seek to relax in front of the
TV, and generally people prefer watching TV to talking to each other. This issue is very
important since lack of interpersonal relationships mostly end with divorces.
Shortly, inventions are meant to be beneficial for human beings, if we know how to
benefit from them. TV is one of such inventions that need to be used for the right
purpose only being educated and entertained for a reasonable (according to age)
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period of time. We may, then, be safe from or at least reduce the adverse physiological
and psychological effects of watching too much TV.
TEXT B
1. make our work easier, our life more comfortable and save us valuable time.
2. our needs and our demands grow
3. to cater to different groups of people
4. it was only available in black, and it was heavy, clumsy-looking and used a finger
dial.
5. slight changes
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 1
Words
inventions
decades
Flood
practical
designs
needs
Synonyms
creations
years
fill
suitable
patterns
demands
EXERCISE 2
1
inventions The world changed rapidly after the inventions of the telephone and
computers.
2. decades World War 1 happened decades ago.

3. practical Heavy boots are not practical for running
4. designs I like the designs on your blouse.
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
EXERCISE 1
Response
1. He goes to school by bus.
Question
How does he go to school?
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2. He took my friends racket.

3. She is my mother.
4. The boy cannot buy the book because
What did he take?

Who is she?
Why cant the boy buy the book?
he has lost her money.

5. She is going home because she has to
Why is she going home?
prepare lunch.
6. We employed Mr. Tan because of his
Why did you employ Mr. Tan?
qualification.
EXERCISE 2 (suggested answers)
1.
2.
3.
4.
What kind of material do you choose to make t shirts?

What are the changes involve?
What do you do with the rubber taken from the rubber tree?
What do you do with the wool from the sheep?
WRITING
A thermometer is a device that measures the temperature of things. The name is
made up of two smaller words: "Thermo" means heat and "meter" means to
measure. You can use a thermometer to tell the temperature outside or inside your
house, inside your oven, even the temperature of your body if you're sick.
One of the earliest inventors of a thermometer was probably Galileo. We know him
more for his studies about the solar system and his "revolutionary" theory (back
then) that the earth and planets rotated around the sun. Galileo is said to have used
a device called a "thermoscope" around 1600 - that's 400 years ago!!
The thermometers we use today are different than the ones Galileo may have used.
There is usually a bulb at the base of the thermometer with a long glass tube
stretching out the top. Early thermometers used water, but because water freezes
there was no way to measure temperatures less than the freezing point of water. So,
alcohol, which freezes at temperature below the point where water freezes, was
used.
The red colored or silver line in the middle of the thermometer moves up and down
depending on the temperature. The thermometer measures temperatures in
Fahrenheit, Celsius and another scale called Kelvin. Fahrenheit is used mostly in the
United States, and most of the rest of the world uses Celsius. Kelvin is used by
scientists.
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WEEK 22
SOCIAL ISSUES
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WEEK
22
THEME
SOCIAL ISSUES
TIME
5 HOURS
OBJECTIVES :
develop reading skills
enrich vocabulary
use dictionary as an aid to improve comprehension of texts
identify and construct simple sentences
write grammatically correct sentences
write cohesive paragraphs using simple, compound and complex sentences
WARMER
Crimes
Social Issues
Teenagersdrugs/gansterism
Prostitution
Sending parents to old

folks home
1.
Which of the above social issues do you think is the worst in our society
today?
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____________________________________________________________
TEXT A
THERES NO PRESSURE
Nowadays, many children are swinging golf clubs, taking up scuba diving and
participating in a host of activities normally pursued by adults. Parents send their
children for these activities during weekends and school holidays. Some want to give the
young ones a chance to master new skills and provide a better future for them.
Loh Zu Haos interest in golf had been noticed by his father when he was
three years old. His father had decided to enrol him in a junior golf programme and two
years later, the 5 year-old is hitting the fairway every Saturday morning. According to his
father, Loh Zu Hao has always wanted to learn and he really enjoys his lessons.
Furthermore, it gives him a chance to meet new friends. The father is giving his only
child the opportunities that he didnt have as a child. Loh Zu Hao is also learning
Mandarin, art, piano and swimming lessons. However, if he ever tires of anything and
wishes to stop, the father will leave it to him to decide.
Another child, Natasha Krishantini Viknesh, aged 7, has an activity for every
day of the week, except Sundays. She has guitar lessons on Monday. Tuesdays are
reserved for computer classes. Art lessons will be on Wednesdays and Thursdays for
Kumon while Tamil classes will be on Fridays. Yogas and swimming lessons are on
Saturdays. According to Natashas mother, Uma Devi Viknesh, she believes in exposing
her daughter to different activities and she claims that Natasha has had a lot of fun at all
her classes. She wants Natasha to be well-rounded and as long as she concentrates on
her studies, she is happy.
Daniel, aged 11, is active in school and takes part in swimming, football,
futsal, cricket and athletics. In addition, he also takes guitar lessons. His parent, Ayun
Abdul Jabar said her 11 year-old son loved sports. She sends Daniel to learn scubadiving since he had completed his swimming lessons. He was very active and they
decided to introduce him to lots of activities.
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia clinical psychologist and lecturer Dr Alvin Ng
Lai Onn said that the trend of sending children to such classes is healthy as long as they
find them enjoyable. It is also beneficial for the children to be exposed to various
activities that give them different experiences, which will later help them in their lives.
(Adapted from The New Straits Times, 10 APRIL 2007)
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EXERCISE 1
1.
Why do parents send their children to a host of activities?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2.
What are the two factors that make Loh Zu Haos father enrol him in a junior golf
programme?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3.
What are Natashas activities on Tuesdays and Saturdays?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
4.
Find a word in paragraph 3 which is similar to focusses.

________________________________________________________________
5.
What do these pronouns refer to?

them (paragraph 1)
- ____________________________________________
she (paragraph 3)
- ____________________________________________
it (paragraph 5)
- ____________________________________________
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WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2
Locate the words in the passage and match them with their correct meanings.
Words
1.
Meanings
a time when a particular situation makes it possible to do or
2.
3.
4.
achieved something.
to officially join a course
having a variety of experiences and abilities
a general direction in which a situation is changing or
5.
6.
developing.
having a helpful or useful effect
to show something that is usually hidden
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
SENTENCE STRUCTURE
In a sentence, there is a Subject and a Predicate.
Sentence
Subject
Predicate
The subject is what or whom the sentence is about. The predicate tells something about
the subject
Subject
Predicate
Johana
walks to school.
The boy
is drinking milk
That chair
is old.
He
went to Kuantan yesterday.
EXERCISE 3
Identify the following into Subject and Predicate. No. 1 has been done for you.
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1. She is a good mother.

Subject: She
Predicate: is a good mother.
2. The girls ate all the food.
Subject:____________
Predicate:____________________________________________________
3. That new sports car runs fast.
Subject:____________
Predicate:____________________________________________________
4. All the books she bought are interesting.
Subject:____________
Predicate:____________________________________________________
5. Dollah is a man with few friends.
Subject:____________
Predicate:____________________________________________________
6. Honesty is the best policy.
Subject:____________
Predicate:____________________________________________________
7. He saw a tiger.
Subject:____________
Predicate:____________________________________________________
8. Ali has three cars.
Subject:____________
Predicate:____________________________________________________
9. She was unaware of the mistake.
Subject:____________
Predicate:____________________________________________________
10. Knowledge unlocks doors to progress.
Subject:____________
Predicate:____________________________________________________
EXERCISE 4
Rearrange the following words to form complete sentences.
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1.
irritating / it was / rude / and

________________________________________________________________
2.
personalize / more people / ringtones / their telephones / by downloading.

________________________________________________________________
3.
during meetings / in washrooms / some answer / at the dentist / and / their

telephones
________________________________________________________________
4.
they / some / answer / just to say / in a meeting / are

________________________________________________________________
5.
is / the mobile phone / that needs / our / constant feeding / psychological security
blanket.
________________________________________________________________
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TEXT B
AGEING
As adults approach the elderly age bracket, they will inevitably experience a
number of physiological changes. Lifestyle changes follow. While this is a significant
transition, it does not have to be a painful one. How well one ages is dependent on how
well one monitors and adapts to these changes.
In Malaysia, the elderly officially defined as those above the age of 60 (The World
Health Organisation cut-off point is 65.) Our population is ageing fast , with
approximately two million Malaysians over 65, and another two to three million currently
between fifty and sixty.
Past the age of 60, our metabolic rates slow down and many of our organs will
operate at half their peak capacity. Our kidneys and liver become less efficient in
removing wastes and toxins.
Fluid secretion from saliva to tears will drop as will sensory perceptions eyesight,
hearing, smell and taste. Nutrient absorption will be less efficient and appetites may fail,
resulting in malnutrition.
Loss of muscle tone will affect the hearts blood pumping capacity, the ability of our
gut muscles to move food through the digestive tract and bladder control.
Thus, as soon as one hits 60, a complete health assessment is recommended and
followed by annual assessment. A comprehensive assessment would include a risk
profile, a blood profile, a physical assessment and nutritional assessment.
(Adapted from PMR English, Yakin)

EXERCISE 1
1. What will adults experience when they reach the elderly age bracket?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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2. In Malaysia, at what age are the adults considered elderly?

_____________________________________________________________________
3. What happens to the body after the age of sixty?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4. Find a word that is similar to the word estimated in para. 2.
______________________________________________________________________
5. Suggest 3 health precautions adults take when they approach the elderly age
bracket.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2
These words are from the text. Look at the dictionary for their meaning.
1. inevitably
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
2. transition
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
3. peak
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
4. profile
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
5. significant
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
EXERCISE 3
Make 3 simple sentences from the words given below.
a. peak - ______________________________________________________________
b. inevitably - ___________________________________________________________
c. significant - ___________________________________________________________
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TEXT C
A FRIGHTENING REPORT
A Glasgow flat was broken into recently. It was destroyed and a puppy hacked to
death. Police say it was the work of hooligans imitating a scene in an X film.
An
isolated incident? Sadly not.

Look at these examples of recent crimes up and down the country.
16 year-old boy tried his hand at a false bomb alarm by phoning Heathrow Airport
and demanding two hundred and fifty pounds from Pan American.
14 year-old, said to be excessively interested in horror films, plunged a five-inch

knife into a womans back while he rode along the pavement on his bike.
15 year-old boy was found guilty of demanding money with menaces. He tried to
copy a story on extortion he saw on TV.
16-year-old boy dressed like a character in Batman caused severe bodily harm to
a 15-year old boy by kicking him.
Two boys, aged 12 and 14, tried to cause the trains to go off the rails by placing
metal bars on the track.
After watching a TV programme a 15 year-old made a petrol bomb and threw it

towards two teachers.
The Sunday Post

EXERCISE 1
1.
What happened to the flat in Glasgow?

_____________________________________________________________
2.
What did the police say about the crime?

_____________________________________________________________
3.
Why did the boy call Heathrow Airport?

_____________________________________________________________
4.
How did the boys try to derail the trains?

_____________________________________________________________
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5.
Give two sources from which the boys copied their acts.
a. __________________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________________
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2
Match the words given in column A with the phrases taken from the paragraph in
column B.
Column A
Severe
false bomb alarm
cause to go off the rails
excessively interested in
Destroyed
Column B
wrecked
a bomb hoax
obsessed
grievous
derail
EXERCISE 3
Make three simple sentences from the words given below.
a.
derailed
b.
obsessed ____________________________________________________
c.
grievous
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
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LANGUAGE AWARENESS
A Simple Sentence expresses one idea and contains one verb.
EXERCISE 4
Identify which of the following sentences are Simple Sentences.
1. A large number of parents from urban areas are sending their children for many
activities.
2.
Child psychologists have voiced their concern over these trends.
3. Some say they are merely acting on the interest shown by their children.
4. Spare time is regarded as wasted.
5. Marriage and family therapist, Datuk Dr Mat Saat Baki said many parents thought
they were giving their kids a head start in life by enrolling them in all kinds of
unconventional activities.
6. It could be dangerous because the child may not get to experience childhood.
7. By burdening their children with such activities, these young ones might become
stressed out and turn into zombies.
8. Parents forget that their children will have lots of opportunities in the future to
show their potential.
EXERCISE 5
Construct simple sentences using the verbs given.
Example: smoke
1. He smokes.
2. He smokes cigarettes.
3. He smokes two packs of cigarettes everyday.
4. He smokes two packs of cigarettes in the office, everyday.
a) abuse
1. ________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________________
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b) loiter
1. ________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________________
WRITING
EXERCISE 6
Write a short essay on how to prevent road accidents. Use the short notes below
to help you in writing your essay.
do not drink while driving
observe speed limits
be considerate
dont be a road bully
ensure regular maintenance of your vehicles
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
ANSWER KEY
WARMER
Suggested answer
Drugs
TEXT A
EXERCISE 1
1. to master new skills
provide a better future for them.
2. Loh Zu Haos interest in golf and to give him a chance to meet new friends.
3. Tuesdays - computer class.
Saturdays - yogas and swimming lessons.
4. concentrates
5. them younger ones
she Natasha
it the trend of sending children to such classes
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2
1. opportunities
2. enrol
3. well-rounded
4. trend
5. beneficial
6. exposed
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EXERCISE 3
Subject
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
She
The girls
That new sport car
All the books she bought
Dollah
Honesty
He
Ali
She
Knowledge
Predicate
is a good mother.
ate all the food.
runs fast.
are interesting.
is a man with few friends.
is the best policy.
saw a tiger.
has three cars.
was unaware of the mistake.
unlocks doors to progess.
EXERCISE 4
1. It was rude and irritating.
2. More people personalize their telephones by downloading ringtones.
3. Some answer their telephones during meetings, in washrooms and at the
dentist.
4. Some answer just to say they are in a meeting.
5. The mobile telephone is our psychological security blanket that needs constant
feeding.
TEXT B
EXERCISE 1
1. A number of physiological changes and consequently lifestyles changes
2. Those above the age of 60
3. Our metabolic rates slow down and many of our organs will operate at half their
peak capacity.
4. approximately
5. exercise regularly / eat balanced diet / regular medical checkups / less intake of
salt and sugar
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Advanced Module
EXERCISE 2
1. in a way that cannot be avoided
2. a change from one form to another
3. highest
4. a short description of someones health
5. noticeable
EXERCISE 3
1. The factory is running at peak productivity
2. Inevitably, all Mathematics and Science teachers have to teach in English.
3. There has been a significant increase in the number of women students in recent
years.
EXERCISE 4
1. Simple sentence
2. Simple sentence
3. Not a simple sentence
4. Simple sentence
TEXT C
EXERCISE 1
1.
broken into recently
2.
hooligans imitating a scene in an X film
3.
tried a bomb hoax demanding 250 from Heathrow Airport
4.
by placing metal bars at the track
5.
a. TV
c. film
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Advanced Module
EXERCISE 2
Column A
Severe
false bomb alarm
cause to go off the rails
excessively interested in
Destroyed
Column B
wrecked
a bomb hoax
obsessed
grievous
derail
EXERCISE 3
1.
The train derailed in Rawang last night.
2.
She was obsessed with Pussy Cat Dolls
3.
The accident caused grievous harm to the player.
EXERCISE 4
1. Many urban parents are sending their children for these activities.
2. Family experts have voiced concerns over these trends.
3. Spare time is regarded as wasted.
EXERCISE 5
a) abuse
1. The father abuses.
2. The father abuses his children.
3. The father abuses his children physically.
4. The father abuses his children physically every day.
b) loiter
1. The children loiter.
2. The children loiter in the mall.
3. The children loiter in the shopping mall.
4. The children loiter in the shopping mall at weekends.
EXERCISE 6
There are several ways to prevent road accidents.
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Advanced Module
Many accidents are caused by drunk drivers. Thus, it is very important to make
sure that drivers do not drink while driving. The driver is not only putting himself in
danger but also other road users.
Speed limits must be observed. Drivers should not go beyond the speed limits
because they may lose control of the car.
As there are many vehicles on the road, road users must be considerate on the
road. Road courtesy must be observed. People should not become road bullies.
Lastly, drivers should ensure regular maintenance of their vehicles. If all these
rules are observed, there will be no road accidents.
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WEEK 23
STORIES
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WEEK
23
THEME
STORIES
TIME
5 HOURS
OBJECTIVES :
answer questions at application, analysis, synthesize and evaluation level
write cohesive paragraphs using simple and compound sentences
be able to identify, understand and use different types of sentences
WARMER
Answer these questions.

1. Do you like reading stories?
________________________________________________________________.
2. Name a storybook that you have read.
________________________________________________________________.
3. Name your favourite character and state why.
________________________________________________________________.
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TEXT A
BEYOND THE SHADOW OF A DOUBT
Sarah was waiting for a man like Jason to walk into her lifeSarah was trembling with
excitement. She was shaking so much that she got her zip stuck and dropped her
lipstick down the loo. It was six-thirty and she was due to be at Jasons flat in an hour.
She took a deep breath and told herself to be sensible; after all it was only a dinner date.
But the very thought of seeing him set her pulse racing. She poured herself a quick
drink, then checked her hair and make-up for the last time. Then she rushed out and
hailed a passing taxi.
They had met a month earlier at a party. He had asked her to dance. They ended
up spending the whole evening in each others company. Jason was tall and athletic,
and dressed impeccably. He also seemed very gentle and considerate; he had driven
her home after the party but only kissed her in a brotherly way. She had just broken up
with Kevin and Jason was such a pleasant contrast!
Since then, they had met several times but always with other people, in
restaurants or at parties. She knew she was special for him, and after the last party, he
had driven her home again. This time he had kissed her but not like a brother! He had
invited her for supper at his flat in Bayswater.
That night she had hardly slept, she was so excited. At last she would see him
alone on his home ground. They would really get to know each other and perhaps?
She told herself to stop fantasizing.
Sarah had been in London a year. After graduating she had got a job as a
systems analyst in the City. She felt adult at last. In the taxi she thought how Jason had
completely taken over her mind. Yet she really knew almost nothing about him, not even
what he did for a living. All she knew was that he was elegant, well-mannered, intelligent,
rich and dangerously attractive. She asked the taxi to drop her off at the corner of the
mews where Jason lived. As she paid the driver, she remembered that he had invited
her for eight-thirty, not seven-thirty. In her excitement she had got confused. What should
she do? She could wait an hour but decided not to. Instead she would go to his flat and
explain that she was early surely he would understand.
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Advanced Module
She looked for number 7 there it was. She was just about to ring the bell when
she looked up at the first-floor window. There, silhouetted against the gauze curtains,
she saw the unmistakable outline of a female figure. And behind it was Jasons own
shadow. The woman was moving to and fro. Sarah could hardly believe her eyes. She
turned, ran out of the lane and took a taxi home.
The phone rang at nine, at nine-thirty and at ten. She let it ring. That would teach
him a lesson! He never called her again.
The weeks that followed were a torture. She avoided going out, in case she met
Jason. A month later she opened a fashion magazine and saw Jasons handsome face
smiling at her. He was the centrepiece of an article on the latest womens fashion. He
had won the prize for the best young fashion designer of the year. The article mentioned
that he worked with his models from his own flat in Bayswater.
Source : Just English Vol.2 Issue 5 1999.
EXERCISE 1
Answer these questions based on the story.
1.
Why was Sarah trembling with excitement?
______________________________________________________________________
2.
How did Sarah first meet Jason?
______________________________________________________________________
3.
State two reasons why Sarah was attracted to Jason?
______________________________________________________________________
4.
What was Sarahs occupation upon graduation?
______________________________________________________________________
5.
a) Why had Sarah gone early to Jasons apartment?
______________________________________________________________________
b) What happened then?
______________________________________________________________________
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6. Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B.

Words
7.
a. rushed out
Meanings
friendly, polite
b. hailed
perfect
c. impeccably
good behaviour
d. pleasant
sophisticated
e. well mannered
moved quickly
f. elegant
stopped
Whats the moral value of the story?

__________________________________________________________________
8.
What do you think is the ending of the story?

___________________________________________________________________
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Advanced Module
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2
Find words from the text to describe Sarah and Jason.
SARAH
JASON
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
Compound Sentences
There are 3 types of sentences in the English Language :
simple sentence
complex sentence
compound sentence
A compound sentence is formed when two simple sentences are joined by a

co-ordinating conjunction.
Example :
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Advanced Module
(i) The moon was bright

(simple sentence)
and
we could see the boat.
(co-ordinating
(simple sentence)
conjunction)
Remember! Other co-ordinating conjunctions are but, so , for.
A compound sentence contains more than one main clause.
Example :
(i)
Father was angry
so
main clause
(ii)
Jessica was sick
main clause
but
she went to school.
main clause
he scolded my brother.
main clause
A compound sentence is composed of two or more sentences joined together

by a conjunction, e.g. an, but, so, therefore, etc.
Example :
(i)
He is tall
simple sentence
and
conjunction
you are short.

simple sentence
EXERCISE 3
Classify the following sentences as Simple or Compound sentences.
1. I dislike the idea, but I will accept it.
2. I am buying a cake or a pie.
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3.The sky was bright so we were able to see the

mountains.
4. She was smiling with happiness.
5. She carried the baby in her arms.
5. She carried the baby in her arms.
6. Bake the cake and get it ready for tea time.
7. The rose is the sweetest of flowers.
8. He was running but he did not see the shop.
9. I think he needs help so I am going to help him.
10. The king spoke happily about his visit to our

school.
EXERCISE 4
Circle the most suitable compound sentences.
1. Roses are pretty. They smell sweet.
A. Roses are pretty and they smell sweet.
B. Roses are pretty but they smell sweet.
C. Roses are pretty, they smell sweet.
2. I have many neighbours. I like all of them.
A. I have many neighbours so I like all of them.
B. I have many neighbours and I like all of them.
C. I have many neighbours, like all of them.
3. Shah will clean the house. Raj will wash the car.
A. Shah will clean the house so Raj will wash the car.
B. Shah will clean the house and Raj will wash the car.
C. Shah will clean the house, Raj will wash the car.
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4. Amin tried to repair the engine. He could not do it.

A. Amin tried to repair the engine but he could not do it.
B. Amin tried to repair the engine and he could not do it.
C. Amin tried to repair the engine, he could not do it.
5. I looked for her in the staffroom. She was not there.
A. I looked for her in the staffroom but was not there.
B. I looked for her in the staffroom and was not there.
C. I looked for her in the staffroom but she was not there.
EXERCISE 5
Complete the following compound sentences using the conjunctions given in the
box. Use the conjunctions once only.
and
or
for
so
yet
but
1. My family and my in-laws have nasi lemak __________ bread for breakfast
everyday.
2. It was raining heavily yesterday evening, __________ the boys did not go out
to play football.
3. Pak Ali was late __________ he missed the train.
4. The principal told the students to remain in the hall, __________ they decided
to go out to the field.
5. Would like to go for a walk __________ watch television?
6. The prices in the shopping centre are high __________ people continue
shopping there.
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WRITING
EXERCISE 6
If you were Sarah, what would you have done when you eventually found
out that Jason was a sincere man. Write in about 100 words about your
thoughts, feelings and planned action.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
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TEXT B
The Oval Portrait
She was a beautiful young flower, and always so happy. Yes, she was happy until
that evil day when she saw and loved the painter of her portrait.
They were married. But, sadly, he already had a wife : his work. His painting was
more important to him than anything in the world. Before, she was all light and smiles.
She loved everything in the world. Now she loves all things but one: her husbands work.
His painting was her only enemy; and she began to hate the paintings that kept her
husband away from her. And so it was a terrible thing when he told her that he wanted to
paint his young wifes portrait.
For weeks, she sat in the tall, dark room while he worked. He was a silent man,
always working, always lost in his wild, secret dreams. She sat still always smiling, never
moving while he painted her hour after hour, day after day. He did not see that she was
growing weaker everyday. He never noticed that she was not healthy anymore, and not
happy anymore. The change was happening in front of his eyes, but he did not see it.
But she went on smiling. She never stopped smiling because she saw that her
husband, who was now very famous, enjoyed his work so much. He worked day and
night, painting the portrait of the woman he loved. And as he painted, the woman who
loved him, grew slowly weaker and sadder.
Several people saw the half-finished picture. They told the painter how
wonderful it was, speaking softly as he worked. They said the portrait showed how
much he loved his beautiful wife. Silently she sat in front of her husband and his visitors,
hearing and seeing nothing now.
The work was coming near an end. He did not welcome visitors in the room
anymore. A terrible fire was burning inside him now. He was wild, almost mad with his
work. His eyes almost never left his painting now, even to look at his wifes face. Her
face was as white as snow. The painter did not see that the colours he was painting
were no longer there in her real face.
Many more weeks passed until one day, in the middle of the winter, he finished
the portrait. He touched the last paint onto her lips, he put the last, thin line of colour on
an eye, then he stood back and looked at the finished work.
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As he looked, he began to shake. All colour left his face. With his eyes on the
portrait, he cried out to the world, This woman is not made of paint! She is alive! Then
he turned suddenly to look at the woman he loved so much.
She was dead.
Source : Just English, Vol. 1, Issue 4, 2004

EXERCISE 1
Answer these questions based on the given text.
1. What was most important to the painter?
_____________________________________________________
2. How did the painters wife feel at the beginning of their marriage?
_____________________________________________________
3. Now she loves all things but one. What does one refer to?
_____________________________________________________
4. What did the wife do as the husband spent all his time painting her?
_____________________________________________________
5. How would you portray the painters state of mind as he painted his wife?
______________________________________________________
6. Eventually, what happened to the wife?
______________________________________________________
7. What was the possible reason for this?
______________________________________________________
8. What moral value do you learn from this story?
______________________________________________________
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Advanced Module
EXERCISE 2
Match the words with the meanings.
portrait
winter
healthy
famous
wonderful
painting
cold season after
autumn
fantastic
in good, strong
state
well-known
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Advanced Module
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
Compound sentences can be connected in 3 ways.
A)
Examples
Use but, or, yet, so, for, and,

nor, - to join sentences.
1. Elephants are the largest land

mammals, and they are also the
strongest.
Punctuate the sentences with a

comma.
2. They are new to town, but they can find

their way back.
3. The city was bright with lights at night, so
many people came to take photographs.
B)
Use link words like however,
1. Some people think that television has
in addition.
bad influence; however I feel that the
Punctuate your sentence with a
television can be educational.
semicolon and a comma.
2. Television transmits information; in

addition, it also entertains people.
C)
Join the clauses by using a

semicolon without any link words.
1. Some people think that television can be

useful; I think television can be harmful.
2. Television transmits information; it also
entertains people.
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Advanced Module
EXERCISE 3
Change the following sentences into compound sentences.
Example :
Football is one of the best school games. Every boy should learn it.
Football is one of the best school games, and therefore every boy should learn it.
1. He is a rich man. He is not proud of his wealth.
________________________________________________________________
2. An honest man will speak the truth. He will not cheat or lie.
________________________________________________________________
3. Janet painted the front door. Fiona painted the gate.
________________________________________________________________
4. You must be patient and speak gently to the children. They will not listen to
you.
________________________________________________________________
5. She shouted for help. A passer by stopped to help her.

________________________________________________________________
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Advanced Module
EXERCISE 4
Create compound sentences using the following conjunctions.
so
until
but
however
yet
1._______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3._______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
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Advanced Module
EXERCISE 5
List down four compound sentences which can be found in The Oval Portrait.
1.
___________________________________________________________
2.
___________________________________________________________
3.
___________________________________________________________
4.
___________________________________________________________
WRITING
EXERCISE 6
Do you think that all painters are passionate about their work as the painter in
The Oval Portrait? If you were married to such a painter, what would you most
probably do? Write about it in about 150 words.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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ANSWER KEY
WARMER
Accept any relevant answer
TEXT A
EXERCISE 1
1. She was meeting Jason
2. Sarah met Jason a month earlier at a party where they danced and spent the
evening.
3. Jasons intelligence and good manners.
4. Systems Analyst
5. a. In her excitement, she got confused about the time.
b. She saw the outline of a female figure and of Jason against the curtains.
6. a. moved quickly
b. stopped
c. perfect
d. friendly and polite
e. good behaviour
f. sophisticated
7. Do not be hasty when making decisions
8. Sarah would most probably call Jason to apologise and try to renew their
friendship.
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WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 2
athletic
excited
hasty
nervous
SARAH
confused
considera
te
attractive
JASON
clever
gentlema
n
well dressed
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
EXERCISE 3
1. compound
2. compound
3. compound
4. simple
5. simple
6. compound
7. simple
8. compound
9. compound
10. simple
EXERCISE 4
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. A
5. C
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Advanced Module
EXERCISE 5
1. and
2. so
3. for
4. yet
5. or
6. but
WRITING
EXERCISE 6
Sarah should not have assumed that Jason had another girlfriend just by
watching the silhouettes against the curtains. Anyway, if I were Sarah I would apologise
to him for the misunderstanding. Perhaps, cook him dinner and treat him to a wonderful
desert. This is to make up for the big mistake that my rash mind had made that evening.
Since I really like Jason; and believe that it is actually love I would make it a point to
work on this relationship. It is not everyday that we meet good people like Jason. I would
definitely plan to marry him.
TEXT B
EXERCISE 1
1. His painting
2. Always happy and all light and smiles
3. His painting
4. The wife sat still and always smiling.
5. Obsessed about his painting and lost
6. She died
7.
She died of sadness / grew weaker
8. Dont take your spouse for granted / family comes first
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EXERCISE 2
painting
portrait
winter
cold season after

autumn
healthy
fantastic
famous
in good, strong
state
wonderful
well-known
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
EXERCISE 3
1. He is a rich man but he is not proud of his wealth
2. An honest man will speak the truth, and not lie or cheat.
3. Janet painted the front door and / while / whereas Fiona painted the gate
4. You must be patient and speak gently to the children or they will not listen to you
5. When she shouted for help, a passer-by stopped to help her
EXERCISE 4
1. It rained very heavily in Melaka so all the people carried umbrellas.
2. She promised to come home by 6 pm., she is not home yet.
3. Ali and Ram were very busy however they still helped Kim Seng to paint his house.
4. Suraya was doing her Mathematics homework until midnight.
5. The chicken curry was very hot and spicy but tasty.
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EXERCISE 5
1. She was a beautiful young flower, and always so happy.
2. Now she loves all things but one: her husbands work.
3. Many more weeks passed until one day in the middle of the winter, he finished the
portrait.
4. The change was happening in front of his eyes but he did not see it.
WRITING
EXERCISE 6
In my opinion not all painters are madly passionate about their work as the
painter in The Oval Portrait. However, If I were married to such a painter, I would share
his passion for painting. I will be with him while he paints, and at the same time ask him
to involve me in his work. I would also have my own interests and involve him as well.
Working on a marriage is the responsibility of both partners. This, I will tactlfully
remind him at the different times. As a wife I will win my way to his heart. Pampering and
attending to a husband are part of a wifes duty.
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WEEK 24
CULTURE &
LANGUAGE
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WEEK
24
THEME
CULTURE AND LANGUAGE
TIME
5 HOURS
OBJECTIVES :
read and understand the text.
answer the comprehension questions related to the text.
skim and scan the text to identify synonyms and meanings based on the words
and phrases in the text.
understand the grammar items: compound and complex sentences and usage.
write a short speech and an essay on Durian Dodol incorporating the grammar
item learnt in the unit.
WARMER
Label the two pictures below
1.___________________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________________
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TEXT A
CHENG BENG
It was that particular time of the year again, Cheng Beng. The whole idea of going to
the cemetery (which is usually situated in remote places) to pay our respects to the dead
may have a ghastly effect on some. Although I do all the rituals that are required of me,
there are times when deep down I wonder if this festival is misunderstood.
My family celebrated Cheng Beng approximately two weeks before the actual date,
hoping to beat the crowds to the cemetery. Preparations for that occasion started a week
earlier with my mum scrambling about getting all the stuff together. From packets of joss
sticks to essentials made out of paper, you name it, she had it. That was where my sister
and I came in! We started folding gold, silver and bronze bars out of paper specifically for
that purpose. There is always a challenge as to who can fill up the most bags and as
always, I end up wining.
So, on that morning, everyone surprisingly managed to wake up early and on time.
We had one more stop to make, to pick up the food. After that, we started our journey to the
cemetery with my dad behind the wheel. The journey was very scenic with the sun rising
and the lush green hills by the highway.
We met up with the other distance family members at the site. All together, we did a
quick gotong-royong, cleaning up the grave site after finally finding my great-grandparents
grave among the other thousands. Cleaning up the grave was more like vigorous exercise
than anything else but it was worth it. Later, an array or scrumptious food was laid out.
The best part was after all the rituals were over- we get to dig-in. After eating all
those delicious rice dumplings(pau), cake, chicken and many delicacies, washed down with
a thirst quenching drink, I didnt think I needed lunch any more.
Well, after packing up and when the adults had finished catching up with one
another, we decided it was just about time to head home. The funny thing is.after all that, I
would find myself extra cheerful and a tingling feeling that Ive done a good deed. Thats the
thing I especially like about Cheng Beng - the effect is far from ghastly. In fact, to me, it
often turns out to be a social gathering of relatives.
Adapted from Bahasa Inggeris 1119 ,Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd.
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EXERCISE 1
Complete the chart based on the text.
CHENG BENG
DEFINITION
ACTIVITIES
MATERIALS
USED
PURPOSES
1._______________
1._____________
________________
_______________
________________
_______________
________________
2._____________
________________
1.___________________________
_______________
____________________________
_______________
2.___________________________
_______________
____________________________
3.___________________________
____________________________
__
_______________
1.___________________________
____________________________
2.___________________________
____________________________
3.___________________________
____________________________
____________________________
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EXERCISE 2
1. What were offered to the dead?
________________________________________________________________
2. How did the writer feel after the festival?
________________________________________________________________
3. When did the writers family celebrate Cheng Beng?
________________________________________________________________
4. How was the journey to the cemetery that morning?
________________________________________________________________
5. What was the best part after all the rituals were over?
________________________________________________________________
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 3
Find the meanings of the words below. Use the dictionary
Words
Meaning
situated
approximately
essentials
lush
vigorous
scrumptious
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LANGUAGE AWARENESS
SENTENCE TYPES
Basically, there are three types of sentences:
1. Simple sentences
This has one finite verb and deals with one idea.
Examples :
1. Ann reads a book.
2. Ali plays football.
2. Compound sentences
This has one or more finite verbs. It may be made up of two or more simple
sentences joined coordinating conjunction.
Examples :
1. Dan plays soccer at school and works on his computer at home.
2. She knits a sweater while listening to the radio.
3. Complex sentences
This contains one main clause or thought and one or more
subordinate clauses which provide additional information.
They are joined by subordinating conjunctions.
Examples:
1. He will be late. That is certain.
It is certain that he will be late.
2. A fox once met a lion. The fox had never seen a lion before.
A fox who had never seen a lion before met him.
3. I waited for my friend. I waited till his arrival.
I waited for my friend until he came.
4. He was not there. I spoke to his brother for that reason.
As he was not there, I spoke to his brother.
5. You are strong. I am equally strong.
I am as strong as you are.
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EXERCISE 4
Identify the coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunction found in TEXT A
1.________________
1.Coordinating conjunction
2._________________
3._________________
1._________________
2._________________
2.Subordinating conjunction
3._________________
4._________________
EXERCISE 5
Rewrite the following sentences to form compound sentences.
1. Rokiah looked up at the sky. She saw a shooting star fly across the night sky. (and)
____________________________________________________________________
2. We can watch a movie. We can rent a DVD and watch it at home. (or)
3. Mei Mei likes to eat seafood. She doesnt like to eat meat. (but)
4. They waved frantically.They wanted to attract his attention (because)

______________________________________________________________________
5. I have written twice to her She has not reply ( although)
______________________________________________________________________
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EXERCISE 6
Rewrite the following sentences to form complex sentences.
1. That is the man. He gave me a dog. It went mad.
________________________________________________________________
2. He took the medicine. He then felt better. It cured his headache.
3. He gave an order. He is obeyed. They fear to offend him.

________________________________________________________________
4. The man talks most. That man does least. This very often happened.
________________________________________________________________
5. You have failed. Im sorry to hear it. You deserved to pass.
________________________________________________________________
6. You may like it. You may not like it. In either case I shall send you there. It is my
duty to do so.
________________________________________________________________
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WRITING
EXERCISE 7
You are asked to give a speech during the school assembly on The Importance of
Learning English In 200 words write your speech using the notes provided .
English is an international language
Important if you wish to further your studies in a foreign country.
Many reading materials are in English
Many jobs require a pass in English
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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TEXT B
Batik has become part of the Malaysian identity. This is clearly seen if one goes
to any official functions. One will almost see everyone there wearing batik clothes. The
official dress of Malaysia is batik.
Designs for these beautiful clothes were traditionally taken from nature. It was
quite usual to see leaves, flowers, butterflies and birds as part of the design. Nowadays
however, there have been changes. Now, modern batik artists are using more abstract
designs. The results are just as fascinating as the old batik designs.
In making batik wax is used as a blocking agent. Clear wax is melted and applied
to parts of the clothes to form a certain pattern. Then the cloth is dipped into or painted
with a dye of a certain colour. Usually dyes of a lighter colour are used before dyes of a
darker colour. The dyes cannot stain the waxed parts so a design is formed. The process
of waxing and dyeing is repeated a few times. Each time, a dye of a different colour is
used. When the batik printer has got the result he wants, he stops.
There are two ways of applying the hot liquid wax. The first is by using a metal
stamp. Wax is applied to the surface of the metal stamp. This is then used to stamp the
cloth. Next, the cloth is dipped into a dye bath. The process is repeated several times
with different stamps and dyes. The second method uses a dipper with a small spout
and a long handle. The dipper is first filled with liquid wax. Designs are drawn on the
cloth by allowing the wax to flow through the spout onto the clothes. Then the unwaxed
parts are painted with a brush or dipped into a dye.
Whether using the metal stamp or the dipper, the wax is finally removed by
rinsing with hot water. Batik is well known not only in Malaysia but also in other
countries. This is because the government has been promoting it overseas. A foreign
designer has also used batik for his dresses. The time may come when batik clothes are
seen all over the world.
Source: Bahasa Inggeris PMR 2nd Edition, Fajar Bakti
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EXERCISE 1
Complete the mind map below.
BATIK MAKING
Ways to apply the hot

liquid wax
PROCESS
PROCESS
2. Which steps in both of the processes are the same?

________________________________________________________________
3. What is the purpose of using wax in the process of making batik?
________________________________________________________________
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4. What is the difference between traditional and modern batik?

________________________________________________________________
5. Why has batik become part of the Malaysian identity.
________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 2
Write (T) True statements or (F) for False statements
1. Nature-based designed batiks are the only form of batiks in the market
2. Batik is worn to official functions.
4. Hot water is used to remove unwanted colours.
5. Wax is used as a blocking agent.
3. The process of waxing and dyeing is done only once after the designs
are drawn on the cloth.
WORD ATTACK
EXERCISE 3
Find the meaning of the words given below.
WORDS
MEANING
identity
function
nature
abstract
fascinating
dipper
spout
rinsing
stain
official
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LANGUAGE AWARENESS
TYPES OF SENTENCES
Basically, there are three types of sentences:
1. Simple sentences
This has one finite verb and deals with one idea.
Examples :
1. Ann reads a book.
2. Ali plays football.
2. Compound sentences
This has one or more finite verbs. It may be made up of two or more simple
sentences joined by coordinating conjunctions.
Examples :
1. Dan plays soccer at school and works on his computer at home.
2. She knits a sweater while listening to the radio.
3. Complex sentences
This contains one main clause or thought and one or more subordinate
clauses
which
provide
additional
information.
They
are
joined
by
conjunctions.
Examples:
1. He will be late. That is certain.
It is certain that he will be late.
2. We met Mrs. Lim. She taught in our school last year.
We met Mrs. Lim who taught in our school last year.
3. I waited for my friend. I waited until 6.00 p.m.
I waited for my friend until 6.00 p.m.
4. You are strong. I am equally strong.
I am as strong as you are.
5. John was excited. He saw his good result on the notice board.
John was excited when he saw his good result on the notice board.
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EXERCISE 4
Which of the following is a complex sentence? Tick the correct answer.
1. He drove to Putrajaya.
2. He bought the car which belonged to his uncle.
3. He works hard so that he will pass the examination.
4. I saw a colourful bird.
5. Ali painted the house that he bought in January.
6. She was writing a letter when the telephone rang.
EXERCISE 5
Make 2 simple sentences from each of the complex sentence. The first one is done for
you.
1.
Puan Fatimah likes to wear batik which she buys from the batik factory.
Puan Fatimah likes to wear batik. She buys batik from the batik factory.
2.
Batik is well known in Malaysia and the world.

_________________________________________________________
3.
My neighbour bought batik from the shop and sent it to the tailor.
_________________________________________________________
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WRITING
EXERCISE 6
A friend ate some durian dodol and he liked it very much. He asks you how the
durian dodol is made. Tell him how it is done in about 150 words based on the
pictures and notes below.
How to Make Durian Dodol
Durians collected. Some old. Used for
Flesh removed from seeds.
making dodol.
Put into big pan. Sugar, flour, coconut milk
Mixture cooked. Turns black. Stir all the
added.
time.
Dodol left to cool.
Dodol rolled and wrapped in plastic sheets.

Sold at shops, supermarkets and exported
overseas.
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______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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ANSWER KEY
WARMER 1
1. food
2. joss stick.
TEXT A
EXERCISE1
Definition Visiting the cemetery to pay respect to the dead.
Activities i) Gotong royong ( cleaning up the grave)

ii)Folding of gold, silver and bronze bars out of paper
iii)Eating/Feasting
Materials Josstick, food, , folded gold, silver and bronze bar
made of papers.
Purposes i)to pay respect to the dead.

ii) spiritual ritual
EXERCISE 2
1. Food, folded gold, silver and bronze bar paper.
2. He felt extra cheerful.
3.Two weeks before the actual date of Cheng Beng.
4. The journey was very scenic.
5. The author and the family got to eat all the delicious food.
EXERCISE 3
located
nearly/ roughly/ about
necessary /important materials
growing very thickly
with energy
delicious
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EXERCISE 4
1. a) and
b) so
c) but
2. a) that
b) which
c) where
d) when
EXERCISE 5
1. Rokiah looked up at the sky and saw a shooting star fly across the night sky.
2. We can watch a movie or we can rent a DVD and watch it at home.
3. Mei Mei likes seafood but she doesnt like to eat meat.
4. They waved frantically because they wanted to attract his attention
5. Although I have written twice to her, she has not reply.
EXERCISE 6
1. That is the man who gave me a dog which went mad.
2. He took the medicine which cured his headache and he felt better.
3. He gave an order which they obeyed as they fear to offend him.
4. It is very often happened that the man who does the least is the man who
talks most.
5. Im sorry to hear that you have failed when you deserve to pass.
6. It is my duty to send you there either you may like it or not.
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EXERCISE 7
Good morning to the principal, fellow colleagues and pupils. It gives me great
pleasure to stand here today and give a speech entitled, The importance of learning
English .
Are you aware that the English Language is the most widely spoken language in
the world? English is not only the mother tongue of millions of native speakers of the
language, it is also used as a second language in many countries including Malaysia.
English is an international language. If you are fluent in English, you can go to any
corner of this world and you will be able to communicate with people.
In fact, if you wish to further your studies in a foreign country, you must have a
good command of English. In many countries especially in the West, English is the
medium of instruction. If you are not proficient in English, then you can take up intensive
English course to increase your proficiency in the language.
Then is a wealth of literature in the English Language. You need a good
command of the language to enjoy the great plays of Shakespeare or the beautiful
poems of Wordsworth. No other language in the world can boost of such a wealth of
literary works by great authors.
Nowadays, many jobs require at least a pass in English. Job applicants who
have a good command of English, in addition to Bahasa Melayu, have a definite edge
over those who do not.
I hope that my speech has made you realise the importance of learning the
English Language .Please do make time to master the English Language.
Thank you
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TEXT B
EXERCISE 1
1.
BATIK MAKING
Ways to apply the hot

liquid wax
Metal stamp
PROCESS
1. Wax is applied to
the metal stamp.
2. Stamp the cloth
with the metal
stamp.
3. Dip the cloth into
the dye bath.
4. Rinse the cloth in
hot
water.
Dipper
PROCESS
1. Fill the dipper
with the liquid
wax.
2. Draw design on
the cloth.
3. Paint and wax
parts with a
brush or dipped
into a dye.
4. Rinse the cloth in
hot water.
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2. Rinse the cloth in hot water.

3. It is to stop the dye from colouring the cloth.
4. The difference between both batiks is the design for the traditional batiks
are taken from nature, while modern batiks are of abstract design.
5. It is usually worn during official functions and it has become the official
dress of Malaysia.
EXERCISE 2
1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. True
EXERCISE 3
Identity personality/character
Function - gathering/ formal event
Nature- natural world
Abstract art that does not show people or things as they really look.
Fascinating- amazing
Dipper one of the utensils in making batik
Spout- a tube or pipe through which liquid comes out.
Rinsing- wash
Stain- spot or dirt
Official accepted and approved by the government or authority.
EXERCISE 4
1. X
2.
3.
4. X
5.
6.
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EXERCISE 5
2.
Batik is well-known in Malaysia. Batik is well-known in the world.
3.
My neighbour bought batik from the shop. My neighbour sent the batik to
the tailor.
EXERCISE 6
(Suggested answer)
How to Make Durian Dodol
Durians are collected for sale, and some are kept for making durian dodol.
Firstly, durian flesh is removed from the seeds. Then, the flesh is put together
into a big pan with sugar, flour and coconut milk.
The mixture is cooked until it turns black.
We must keep stirring the dodol
mixture all the time. When the mixture is ready, it is left to cool.
Finally, the dodol is rolled and wrapped neatly in plastic sheets. The packed
dodol are sold at shops, supermarkets and exported overseas.
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MODEL TEST
PAPER ONE
SECTION A (10 MARKS)
Choose the BEST answer.
1. The phone ________ several times before someone answered it.
A ring
B rings
C rang
D rung
2. Jack does not have a car, _________ he?
A is
B do
C are
D does
3. I saw Ahmad at the cafeteria during lunch time. He ________ a sandwich.
A is eating
B are eating
C was eating
D were eating
4. I like to see a face ____________ has a smile on it.
A
that
who
C whom
D whose
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5. Nobody likes a person ___________ has a bad temper.

A
that
who
C what
D which
6. Have you ever read any books by the author ________ the teacher mentioned in
class this morning?
A who
B what
C which
D whom
7. Lightning can kill swimmers when it strikes water. It kills the fish in the water
too,__________ it?
A is
B isnt
C does
D doesnt
8. __________ dont you just pick up a spot on the map? Then call and make a hotel
reservation.
A Why
B How
C What
D Where
9. Sinbad _________ to many lands before he decided to settle down.
A had travelled
B have travelled
C had been travelled
D have been travelling
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10. Our teacher __________ us a lot of tests and quizzes since the beginning of the
term.
A gave
B gives
C has given
D have given
SECTION B (10 MARKS)
Each of the following sentences contains an error. Identify the error.
11. I started to tell Ramli the news, but he stopped me. He has already heard it.
A
12. By the time I watch my favourite programme, I had drunk a cup of coffee.
A
13. I would have picked you up at the airport if you have told me of your arrival time.
A
14. We spends our holiday in a hill resort every year. We often go for long walks to
A
enjoy the fresh air.

D
15. We can either contact the post master and the postal clerk about the parcel.
A
16. We finished our breakfast an hour ago. While we were getting ready to go out our
A
neighbour paid us a visit. He is going to Bangkok for a business trip.

C
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17. Because Alinas neighbourhood is dangerous, she often goes out alone at night.
A
18. Pauls health can improves a lot if he starts eating the right kinds of food, exercises
A
regularly, and handles the stress in his life wisely.

D
19. I often offer to help my elderly neighbour to carry her groceries into her house. She is
A
always very grateful. Yesterday she offered to pay me but of course I do not accept
C
the offer.
20. She usually leaves for work at 8 oclock every morning. She works long hours in the
A
office. She does not comes home until it is 10.00 p.m.

C
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SECTION C (5 MARKS)
Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.
Zainals father died of a heart attack at the age of 58. Zainal was determined not to suffer
the same fate. As soon as his fathers funeral was over, Zainal (21) _________ a
vegetarian. For almost two decades, he (22)__________ his weight and blood pressure,
checked his cholesterol yearly and had annual electrocardiograms.
Yet on the Hari Raya day in 2006, a week after he (23) __________ a clean bill of health
from his doctor, he (24) __________ with chest pains. The heart attack (25) _________
out of the blue without any prior warning.
21
A
B
C
D
Become
Became
Becomes
had become
22
A
B
C
D
watch
watches
watched
watching
23
A
B
C
D
Obtained
has obtained
had obtained
had been obtaining
24
A
B
C
D
wake up
woke up
waking up
had woken up
25
A
B
C
D
Came
Come
Comes
had come
SECTION D (5 MARKS)
Read the following text carefully and then answer the question by choosing the best
answers.
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Tucked away amongst the sprawling hills of Bukit Tinggi, the Kirana Hill Golf Course is a
veritable golfers heaven. A creation of the Kenworthy Company of Britain, the club
caters to a wide spectrum of golfers, from low handicappers as well as beginners. Kirana
Hill Golf Club is located 25 kilometres away from Kuala Lumpur and is Kenworthys
maiden effort in Malaysia and its 12th worldwide.
26. Based on the information above, what do you know about the Kenworthy Company?
A It has created 12 golf courses in Malaysia.
B It builds the first golf course ever in Malaysia.
C It builds many golf courses throughout the world.
D It has created 12 golf courses throughout the world.
Read the following text below carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Penang, Sat Khatijah Ibrahim, 42, who left Malaysia penniless, made her fortune from
marketing a new kind of herb products. She left Malaysia when unemployment was high,
caught a flight to England, and arrived with no qualification and a very few friends. Now,
four year later, she has sold her business for RM150 million.
27. Khatijah Ibrahim leaves Malaysia for England because

A she had no friends.
B she had no qualifications
C she had no job and no money.
D she wanted to migrate to England.
28. The phrase made her fortune means
A she had made a lot of friends
B she had made a lot of money
C she had discovered how to become slim
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D she had discovered a new type products
Read the following text below carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Nutritionists learn about the science of nutrition. They enlighten people about the effects
of nutrition on the well-being of people. They also perform diet therapy in treating illness.
This is done after a detailed assessment of a patients dietary practices followed by
recommending the necessary dietary changes.
29. The word enlighten means to
A inform
B advise
C instruct
D command
30. Nutritionists help people with the following except
A performing diet therapy in treating illness
B advocating crush diets and slimming products
C explaining the effects of nutrition on a persons well-being
D recommending the necessary dietary changes to patients
SECTION E (5 MARKS)
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.
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With vegetable oils finding new use as car fuel, we may end up facing a food shortage or
paying more for food. Soaring demand for corn, sugar cane, repeseed and palm oil to
make biofuels has driven up prices of these crops, and that of food made from them.
In January, Mexicans took to the streets when the price of tortillas tripled to 15 pesos
(RM4.90) a kilogramme because of soaring corn prices. The Government intervened
and capped prices.
Brazil, the worlds largest exporter of sugar, converts half of its crop into ethanol for cars,
contributing to a doubling of the world sugar price over the past two years.
Adapted from Star Metro, 16 May 2007
31. The word soaring can be replaced with

A declining
B reducing
C improving
D increasing
32. From the options below, which is not a crop?
A fuel
B corns
C palm oil
D sugar cane
33. The word tripled in the second paragraph means

A once
B twice
C trice
D double
34. Which of the following is the synonym of intervened?
A intended
B interfered
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C interacted
D interceded
35. The options below are the synonym of capped except
A fixed
B unlimited
C restricted
D controlled
PAPER 2
SECTION A (10 MARKS)
Fill in each blank with a suitable word.
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Parents of disabled children were urged to be involved with their childrens

progress at a recent community rehabilitation programme.
Parents
should
never
feel
that
their
responsibilities
are
over
the
(1)_______________ they leave their children at rehabilitation centres.

Instead, (2) _____________ should continue to actively develop a bond with their
children. Selangor Menteri Besar Datuk Seri Dr. Mohd. Khir Toyo said parents should
show an interest in their childrens activities and provide (3) ___________ support
towards the development of their children.
This will ensure a secure and happy
childhood.
Parents should have frequent meetings with the staff at the centre to monitor
their (4) ____________________. Such meets will forge good relationships between
the parents and the centre. Parents should make sure that they leave their children only
at the centres doorstep, and maintain (5) _____________ contact with their children.
Body contact is important in developing a bond with the child, said the Menteri Besar.
He told (6) ______________ at the centre that they should feel honoured at
being given the (7) ________________ to serve the disabled and should give their best
(8) _______________________.
Dr. Mohd. Khir was speaking at the closing
(9)_____________________ of a programme on better management of rehabilitation

centres in Selangor.
There are 37 such centres that cater to the needs of the people in the state. The
Menteri Besar also promised that the (10)______________ government will provide a
budget for the refurbishment, renovation and maintenance of the centre. He also offered
better training facilities for the staff.
Adapted from The New Straits Times, 16 May 2007
SECTION B (10 MARKS)

Read the text below and answer the questions that follow.
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How to Develop a Photograph

A photograph as we all know, originates from a film or negative, which is actually a strip
of cellulose acetate covered with a thin layer of photo-sensitive chemicals. It has to
undergo a special process before the impressions on it are made visible.
Developing a photograph is easy although there are several steps involved in the
process. The first step is to extract the undeveloped film from the camera and place it in
a developing agent which contains the dye. This procedure must be done in total
darkness.
After the processed negative has dried, it is placed in an enlarger, which is essentially a
kind of camera that projects image onto the print, a piece of light-sensitive paper. This
process is done under a red-light.
The print, after sufficient exposure to red-light, is then placed in a developing agent for
about three minutes. This agent contains several chemicals. The print is later rinsed in
a chemical called stop-bath and immersed in a fixer so that the colours last.
Finally, the photograph is hung to drip-dry. It is at this stage that we see clearly the
picture we have taken. What appears as a rather complicated process is actually simple
to carry out. The satisfaction of being able to produce your own photograph is indeed an
achievement.
(Source : Intermediate English Grammar and Writing ITM 1987)
Complete the process below by referring to the passage above.

The first step in developing a paragraph is (11) ________________________________
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Then it is placed in (12) ___________________________________________________
To avoid failure, this is conducted (13) _______________________________________
After the negative

(14)______________________
Next, for three minutes

(17)_____________________
Next the photograph is put

(15) _________
This process is done

(16)_____________________
Then, (18) ________________________________________________ stop-bath.
Furthermore, to ensure the colours last, (19) __________________________________
Finally (20) _____________________________________________________________
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SECTION C (5 MARKS)
Complete the sentences below using appropriate words.
21.
The world is suffering from pollution. One of the effects of pollution is that the
ozone layer is _______________ at an alarming rate.
22.
We should _____________ to save the environment.
We can do this by
collecting newspapers and plastic bottles.

23.
To build new houses and buildings, we have been cutting trees.
However,
_______________________ has caused floods and landslides.

24.
Many people today experience respiratory and skin problems. Doctors say that
these problems are indirectly caused by ____________.
25.
One of the challenges facing the society today is how to balance development
and protection of the __________________.
This is important for a healthy
future.
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SECTION D (5 MARKS)
Read this article and answer the questions that follow.
Computers in the Classroom
With the advent of the computer, much progress has been seen in the world
today.
Computers first made their entrance in the later part of the 20 th Century.
Gradually, technological innovations brought about better computers that have seeped
into all spheres of life.
The field of education has gained much from the computer world. In Malaysia,
the Education Ministry has a huge budget for ICT. Much time and energy is used for the
training of teachers as well as research into teaching methods.
Computers have definitely opened doors to better teaching. They compliment
teaching in class; they add the extra dimension to a lesson; computers also provide the
technology to students in the classroom. Many students interviewed state that they
enjoy classroom better now with the presence of the computer. Teachers are also
encouraged to indulge in multimedia in order to project better presentations in the
classroom.
Thus, computers are a real boon to education. Computers enable the world to
enter the classroom.
26. What is attributed to the progress in the world today?

___________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
27. According to the text above, how are computers used to make teaching better?
___________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
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28. How has the Ministry of Education contributed towards the development of
computer literacy?
(a)______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
(b)______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
29.
What do students generally feel about computers in classroom teaching?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
(1 mark)
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SECTION E (10 MARKS)

SITUATION 1
(6 marks)
Your student has a stomachache and needs his mother to fetch him home.
telephone his mother.
You
Complete the telephone conversation below using the notes
given.
You:
Hello. Good morning Mrs. Chong.
Mrs. Chong:
Good morning.
You:
I am Mr. Ali. I am Johns class teacher.

(John not feeling well says stomachache)
(30)_______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Mrs. Chong:
Oh, what shall I do now?
You:
(could come fetch home)

(31)_______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Mrs. Chong:
Yes, Ill do that. Ill be there in half an hours time.

(better give a cup Milo)
(32)_______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
John did not have his breakfast this morning and I think he is hungry.
Thank you for calling. Ill be there soon.
You:
Okay, dont you worry too much. See you, Mrs. Chong. Thank you.
Mrs. Chong:
Thank you.
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SITUATION 2
(4 marks)
You have just read that trained nurses have been urged to serve locally rather than go
abroad. Tell this to your friend.
You:
Hello, Amin. Did you hear the latest news?

(400 nurses leave country every year serve overseas)
(33)_______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Amin:
Really? There must be some reasons for them to leave the country.
You:
I am sure they leave for some good reasons.

(perhaps countries offering better - working conditions incentives)
(34)_______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Amin:
In that case, the government should do something quickly before we lose

experienced and capable nurses.
You:
You are right.
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SECTION F(15 MARKS)

Question 35
Write five sentences based on the topics and pictures given.
PICTURE 1
Topic: Healthy Eating
(1)____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
(2)____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
(3)____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
(4)____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
(5)____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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Question 36
PICTURE 2
Topic: Healthy Living
(1)____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
(2)____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
(3)____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
(4)____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
(5)____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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Question 37
PICTURE 3
Topic: Study Smart
(1)____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
(2)____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
(3)____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
(4)____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
(5)____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
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Advanced Module
SECTION G (10 MARKS)

Question 38
Based on the notes given, describe how Hari Raya Adilfitri is celebrated in Malaysia. You
are encouraged to elaborate on the notes. Your answer should not exceed 120 words.
The month of fasting Ramadhan prayers held women make preparation
shopping, cooking, baking - on Hari Raya Adilfitri day go to mosque relatives
and friends - visit lots of food people enjoy themselves children - fun
families get together
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
ANSWERS
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Advanced Module
PAPER 1
SECTION A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
SECTION B
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
SECTION C
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Advanced Module
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
SECTION D
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
SECTION E
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
PAPER 2
SECTION A
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Advanced Module
1.
moment/time
2.
they
3.
moral
4.
children
5.
body
6.
workers/staff
7.
opportunity/chance
8.
service
9.
ceremony
10.
state/Selangor
SECTION B
11.
extract the undeveloped film from the camera
12.
in a developing agent which contains the dye
13.
in total darkness
14.
the negative is dried
15.
in an enlarger
16.
under a red-light
17.
the photograph is placed in a developing agent
18.
to rinse in a chemical called stop-bath.
19.
the photograph is immersed in a fixer
20.
the photograph is hung to dry
SECTION C
21.
depleting
22.
recycle
23.
deforestation
24.
pollution
25.
environment
SECTION D
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Advanced Module
26.
The development of computers.
27.
Computers provide technology to students in the class
28.
Except any two answers.

(a) They have a huge budget for computers.
a. The development of ICT training for teachers is highlighted
(c) The ministry emphasizes research into teaching methods using
computers.
29.
Students feel that classroom lessons are made more interesting with the use
of computers.
SECTION E
(Suggested answer)
Situation 1
30.
John is not feeling well. He has a stomachache.
31.
Could you please come to fetch him home?
32.
I think he will be better if he has a cup of Milo.
Situation 2
33.
About 400 of our nurses leave the country every year to serve overseas.
34. Perhaps other countries are offering them better working conditions and
incentives.
SECTION F
(Suggested answer)
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Question 35
Picture 1
1.
Malaysia has a variety of fruits.
2.
Some fruits are seasonal and some are found throughout the year.
3.
In Malaysia, we have imported fruits like apples, oranges and grapes.
4.
Fruits are important sources of vitamins.
5.
Fruits, are indeed, very important for our health.
Question 36
Picture 2
1.
Nazrin is a health conscious boy.
2.
Every morning he goes jogging for an hour before school.
3.
He jogs at the park near his house.
4.
Sometimes, his brothers join him.
5.
Nazrin says he feels refreshed after the jog.
Question 37
Picture 3
1.
Zack spends time doing his homework in the afternoon.
2.
In the evening, at about 7 p.m., Zack plans his revision.
3.
He spends about 4 hours every evening doing his revision.
4.
While he does his revision, his father helps him.
5.
Zack knows that he has the moral support of his parents.
SECTION G
(Suggested Answer)
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Question 38
Hari Raya Adilfitri is celebrated by the Muslims all over the world after fasting for
a month.
During Ramadhan, which is an auspicious month, Muslims fast the whole day.
They break their fast at sunset. Ramadhan prayers are usually held at night, when family
members and friends sit together. Women make preparations for the festival by
shopping for clothes, baking cookies and cakes and cleaning the house.
On the morning of Hari Raya Adilfitri, Musims go to the mosque. It is a joyful
occasion. Delicious dishes such as ketupat and rendang are a must for this occasion.
Relatives and friends visit each other. People enjoy themselves, children have fun and
families get together.
REFERENCES
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Advanced Module
1.
New Straits Times, April 23 2007.
2.
Reading for the Real World, Pro Chaska, E. (2005)
3.
Just English . Vol 3. Issue 1/2005
4.
New Straits Times, April 17 2007
5.
Nuring Yuor English 2004
6.
Effective Topical English 2005, Preston, S. W. S. Chieng et al.
7.
Topical English, Sistem, 2007, Grace Mary.
8.
Science Daily, May 16 2001.
9.
Advanced with English, Longman.
10.
New Straits Times, April 10 2007
11.
PMR English, Yakin
12.
The Sunday Post
13.
Just English, Vol 2, Issue 5
14.
Just English, Vol 2, Issue 4
15.
Bahasa Inggeris 1119, Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd.
16.
Bahasa Inggeris PMR 2nd Ed, Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd
17.
Target Vocab, Peter Watcyn Jones, Penguin Books, Essex, 1995
18.
More Words Unit, B. Rudzka et al, Macmillan Pub., 1985, London
19.
Reaching Out to Learners, Hyacinth Gaudart, Fajar Bakti, Shah Alam, 1997
20.
Developing Reading Skills, Francoise Grellet, Cambridge, Uni Press, 1981
21.
Grammar Practice Activities, Penny Ur, CambridgeUniversity Press, 1986
22.
English Grammar and Usage, Lee Kok Cheng et al, Federal Publications,
1981, Singapore.
23.
Comman Error In English, Richard Hughes and Carmel Heah, Fajar Bakti,
1993, Shah Alam.
24.
English for Malaysian, J.S. Solomon and Chuah Ai Bee, Pelanduk

Puiblications, Selangor, 2003
25.
Foundation Science for GCSE Mark Levesley, Longman, 2002
26.
Advanced with English Form 4, Yashwanora Yahayaand H.C. Yong, 1999
27.
Headwork, Chris Culshaw and Deborah Waters, Oxford University

Press,.1984
28.
Thinking Skills, R.I.C Publications, 2006, Western Australia
29.
Science Discovery 1, Rex M. Heyworth, Longman, 2000
30.
Write Ways, Lesley Wing Jan, Oxford University Press, 2001
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Advanced Module
31.
Sample Papers PMR English, Raju Anthony, Pustaka Yakin Pelajar Sdn. Bhd
32.
Fundamentals of English Grammar 2nd Edition, Betty Schrampfer Azar and
Donald A. Azar.
236

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