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Aqueous Solutions
Summary Highlights
Page 2
Seawater
Living systems
\MultiMedia\GenChem\InterestingWaterFact.Mp4
Chap 5. Molecular View of Reactions in Aquoes Solutions
Page 3
Describing Solutions
Solution
Soft drink (l)
Solvent
H2O
Solute
Sugar, CO2
/Multimedia/GenChem/Solubility_Supersaturated,Saturated,Unsaturated
Chap 5. Molecular View of Reactions in Aquoes Solutions
Page 4
The dilute
solution on the
left has less
solute per unit
volume than the
(more)
concentrated
solution on the
right
Page 5
The dilute
solution on the
left has less
solute per unit
volume than the
(more)
concentrated
solution on the
right
Page 6
Solubility
Page 7
Your turn!
Page 8
Page 9
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Electrical conductivity
Page 13
A weak electrolyte:
CH3CO2H(aq)
CH3CO2-(aq) + H+(aq)
A non-electrolyte:
CH3OH(aq)
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Page 17
Learning check
Write the equations that illustrate the dissociation of the
following:
3Na+(aq) + PO43-(aq)
Na3PO4(aq)
Al2(SO4)3(aq)
2Al3+(aq) + 3SO42-(aq)
Ca2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)
Ca2+(aq) + 2MnO4-(aq)
CaCl2(aq)
Ca(MnO4)2(aq)
Page 18
Your turn!
Which of the following would not be expected to
produce Cl-(aq) when dissolved?
A. PCl3(aq)
B. NaCl(aq)
C. HCl(aq)
Page 19
Your turn!
How many ions form on the dissociation of Na3PO4?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
1
2
3
4
none of the above
Page 20
Your turn!
How many ions form on the dissociation of
Al2(SO4)3?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
2
3
4
5
none of the above
Page 21
Ionic equation:
Page 22
Page 23
Learning check:
Write the ionic equations for each:
BaCl2(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)PbCl2(s) + Ba(NO3)2(aq)
Page 24
Page 25
Learning check:
Write the following as net ionic equations:
Pb2+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + 2K+(aq) + 2I-(aq) PbI2(s) + 2K+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq)
Personal
Used
Only
Ba
+ SO
BaSO
(aq)
24 (aq)
4(s)
Page 26
Your turn!
Consider the following reaction :
Na2SO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + BaSO4(s)
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H 3O ( aq ) C2H3O2 - (aq)(weak)
Page 28
What is H(aq)+?
HCl(g)
H
Cl
Personal
Used
Only
H does not ever exist in aqueous solution- it is
(aq)
(aq)
Page 29
Page 30
Arrhenius bases
B(aq) + H2O(l)
HB+(aq) + OH-(aq)
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Page 34
Molecular compound
HCl(g)
hydrogen chloride
HCl(aq)
hydrochloric acid
H2S(g)
hydrogen sulfide
H2S(aq)
hydrosulfuric acid
Page 35
Your turn!
C. HNO3
D. HF
E. all are named in this way
Page 36
Oxoacids (aqueous)
named according to the anion suffix
anion ends in -ite, the acid name is -ous acid
ends in -ate, the acid name is -ic acid
HNO3(aq)
nitric acid
HClO2(aq)
chlorous acid
H2SO4(aq)
sulfuric acid
H2PO3(aq)
phosphorous acid
Page 37
Learning check:
Name each aqueous acid
HNO2
HCN
HClO4
nitrous acid
hydrocyanic acid
perchloric acid
hydrofluoric acid
permanganic acid
carbonic acid
Personal
Used
Only
HF
HMnO4
H2CO3
Page 38
Your turn!
Which of the following is the correct name for
HClO4(aq)?
A.
B.
C.
D.
chloric acid
hydrochloric acid
perchloric acid
none of the above
Page 39
Your turn!
Which of the following is the correct name for
H2SO3(aq)?
A.
B.
C.
D.
sulfuric acid
sulfurous acid
hydrosulfuric acid
none of the above
Page 40
Acid salts
NaHSO 4
Page 41
Page 42
AB + CD AD + CB
Cations change partners
Charges on each ion dont change
Formulas of the products are determined by the
charges of the reactant ions
Metathesis reactions occur only if they form a
weak electrolyte or non-electrolyte as a product
(otherwise, all ions are spectator ions)
Page 43
counting subscript
2 HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq)
ions:
H+, Cl-
CaCl2(aq)
+ 2H2O
(l)
Ca2+ , OH-
Page 44
ClO4 -, CH3COO-
Page 45
Page 46
Page 47
Learning check:
Which of the following compounds are
expected to be soluble in water?
Ca(C2H3O2)2
Yes
FeCO3
No
AgCl
No
Page 48
Learning Check:
Predict the products of the following:
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) Pb(OH)2(s) + Ca(NO3)2(aq)
BaCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq)
BaCO3(s) + NaCl(aq)
PO + Hg (NO )
NaNO Only
+ (Hg ) (PO ) .
. NaPersonal
Used
3
4(aq)
3 2(aq)
NaCl(aq) + Ca(NO3)2(aq)
3(aq)
2 3
2(s)
CaCl2(aq) + NaNO3(aq)
NR (No reaction)
Page 49
Your turn!
Which of the following will be the solid product of
the reaction of Ca(NO3)2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) ?
A. CaCO3
B. NaNO3
C. Na(NO3)2
D. Na2(NO3)2
E. None of the above
Page 50
Page 51
Learning check
Determine the molecular, total ionic and net ionic
equations
Molecular Equation
Page 52
Your turn!
Which of the following is not a product of the
reaction: NH3(aq) +HCN(aq) ?
A. NH3CN(aq)
B. NH4+(aq)
C. CN-(aq)
Page 53
Your turn!
Which is the net ionic equation for the reaction:
NaOH(aq) + HF(aq)?
A. Na+(aq)+ OH-(aq) + H+(aq) + F-(aq) H2O(l) + NaF(aq)
Personal
Used
Only
C. OH
HF H O + F
(aq) +
(aq)
(l)
(aq)
Page 54
Page 55
Metathesis overview
Page 56
Page 57
Your turn!
Which of the following combinations will not react?
A. Na2CO3 (aq) + HCl(aq)
B. Na2CO3(aq) + CaCl2(aq)
Personal
Used
Only
D. None of these
C. NaCl(aq) + H2C3O2(aq)
E. All of these
Page 58
Molar concentrations
Page 59
Learning check:
What is the molarity of a solution created by
dissolving 10.2g KNO3 in enough water to make
350 mL solution?
M KNO3
0.350 L soln
0.29 M
L soln
mol KNO3
0.128 g
MM KNO3 = 101.1033 g/mol
Chap 5. Molecular View of Reactions in Aquoes Solutions
Page 60
Your turn!
Page 61
Dilution
Adding solvent to a solution creates
a less concentrated solution
moles of solute do not change, hence
CstockVstock= CnewVnew
C=concentration
V=volume
Page 62
Page 63
Dilution of K2Cr2O7
Page 64
Learning Check
What volume of 12.1M HCl are needed to create
250. mL of 3.2 M HCl?
Vstock 12.1 M 250. mL 3.2M
66 mL
25 mL 6 M 500 mL Vnew
0.3 M
Page 65
Your Turn!
Page 66
Solution stoichiometry
Page 67
Solution stoichiometry
What volume of 2M HCl is needed to react 25.2 g Na2CO3
(MM=105.9887) completely?
0.238 L
1
105.9887g 1 mol Na2CO3 2 mol HCl
Page 68
Your turn!
Page 69
Ion Concentrations
Page 70
Learning check:
What volume of solution containing 0.5M Ag+ will be
required to react 100.0mL of 0.0075M Cl-?
moles
0.0075M*0.100L=7.510-4 mol Clstoichiometry: 7.510-4mol Cl- (1molAg+ / 1 mol Cl-)
L soln
4
7.5 10 mol *
0.5
mol
Ag
Page 71
Titration
Page 72
Titration in practice:
Page 73
Page 74
Page 75
Learning Check:
25.00 mL of HCl are titrated with 75.00 mL of 1.30M
Ca(OH)2. What is the concentration of HCl?
2HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq)CaCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
1
L
1 mol Ca(OH)2 0.02500L
7.80 M HCl
Page 76
Your Turn!
The CO32- content of rock is determined by titration
with acid according to the reaction :
CO32- + 2H+ .CO2(g)_+H2O(l)
Page 77
Page 78
Learning Check:
A sample of metal ore is reacted according to the
following reaction: Fe(s) + 2H+(aq) Fe2+(aq) + H2(g). If
25.00 mL of 2.3M HCl are used, what mass of Fe was
in the ore?
1.6g
1
L
1 mol HCl 2 mol H mol Fe
Page 79
12
10
Column 1
Column 2
Column 3
0
Row 1
Row 2
Row 3
Row 4
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