Chapter 5 - Leisureʼs Anthropology
- Characteristics of Culture - shared, learned,
symbols, integrated
- Mechanisms of Cultural change - innovation,
diffusion, loss, acculturation
- Sahlinʼs Hunches about Paleolithic People - original
leisure society worked less and had fewer material
possessions to care for.
- Leisure & Cultural Development (HDI) - level of
development measured by three factors (economic
- GDP, social - literacy/education, demographic - life
expectancy)
- Leisure and Modernization - anthropological view
(technological & agricultural development,
industrialization, urbanization)
- Ethnocentricity - belief that oneʼs own culture is
superior to developed cultures
- Sourceʼs of Cultureʼs Well-being - understanding
your environment and how to control it, social
support from family & friends, species drive
satisfaction, satisfaction of physical well-being
drives, satisfaction of aesthetic and sensory drives,
satisfaction of exploratory drive.
Chapter 6 - Leisureʼs Geography
- As space - leisureʼs pattern, density, and
concentration
- As place - peopleʼs strong attachment to specific
leisure places
- Distance decay - further - more likely to not go
- Space-time compression - make it seem closer
Chapter 7 and 8 - Characteristics of Leisure & Tech.
- Characteristics of Common Culture - engaged in
most often, commercial, trendy, and specific to age
group.
- Technology is important to Leisure - enhanced
traditional and invented new pastimes
- TV Viewing - - television viewing is a passive,
relaxing, low-concentration activity, - motivation to
watch is often driven by a wish to escape, -
watching TV becomes less rewarding the longer it
is viewed
- Pleasure of TV watching - Scopophilia - Pleasures
of knowledge, comedy, fantasy, distraction,
diversion, and routine
Chapter 9 - Taboo Recreation
• Anomie = lack of purpose and identity resulting in
the demise of social norms
• Differential association = learned through contact
with others
• Retreatist lifestyle = a matter of personal expression
• Leisure Boredom = when you feel you cannot
escape a meaningless leisure routine
• Taboo Recreation that Injures Self
" A matter of ideational mentality (substance
abuse, compulsive participation, and gambling)
• Taboo Recreation that Injures Others
" A matter of sensate mentality (vandalism and
taboo sex)
The “Dilemma of Goodness”
• If leisure is a matter of personal attitudes and
preferences, distinctions of worth and goodness for
specific pastimes are useless. OR
• If Aristotle is correct, and leisure is making moral
free-time choices, certain pursuits are unworthy and
bad.
Chapter 10 - US History of Leisure
Colonial America - European settlers: first need was
survival. Initially very little time to for idleness. To
ensure that work was accomplished,earlyPuritan
leaders established strict regulations under the guise
of religion such as 1619 Virginia Assembly: any
individual found idle could be made work. Protestant
Work Ethic Drinking became popular among men:
Early colonists recognized need for public open
spaces. In 1641 the Great Ponds Act was passed.
Any water body over 10 acres was open to hunting
and fishing.
Industrial Era - Industrial Revolution: started late 18th
century Science and capital combined to increase
production, newly invented machines. In 1970s
inventions such as weaving machine,steam engine,
locomotives, steam boats,and the telegraph made
new exploration and colonization possible.
Chapter 11
Thorstein Veblenʼs Idea • Leisure is an aristocratic
possession.
CAPITALISM - An economic system characterized by
private ownership of goods and resources. Leisure
was considered an obstruction to free enterprise.
Many people now believe that capitalism has
actually created more leisure time for people
COMMUNISM - Economic system characterized by
the collective ownership of property and by the
organization of labor for the common advantage of all
members. Successful in creating free time for people
but unsuccessful in producing the goods and
services for leisure
CONSUMERISM - Consumption: all household
purchases of goods and services."Consumption and
income are closely related."Consumption can actually
be a form of leisure
Chapter 12
Types of Time • Cyclical time – time is constant and
returning • Mechanical time – time is linear, never
returning • Biological time – time is the rhythm of the
living organism • Social and cultural time – time is set
by social and cultural conditions
Chapter 13
Is Leisure a Right or a Privilege?
• Privilege: leisure is distributed unequally; a reward
only available to qualifying people.
• Right: Leisure is distributed equally; unalienable
right.
Types of Leisure Constraints
• Structural – architectural barriers
• Intrapersonal – individual psychological states that
intervene
• Interpersonal – barriers from social interactions with
friends, family
As a tool, leisure has the power to BOTH
1. create barriers to equality and equity and
2. tear down barriers to inequality & inequity
Womenʼs Leisure Hendersonʼs research – Less
time and priority – Combining role obligations –"At
home and unstructured – Fragmented –"Do not feel
entitled
• Commercial - investments of the owner or promoter,
admission charges
Types of Facilities
• Public - community buildings, parks, playgrounds,
zoos, beaches, monuments
• Private - settlement houses, youth centers, athletic
facilities, play areas, clubs, camps, aquatic areas
• Commercial - theaters, clubs, bowling lanes,
stadiums, hotels
Leadership
• Public-professionally
prepared to provide/manage
recreation programs in a variety of settings.
• Private - similar to public with more emphasis on
volunteers.
• Commercial - professionally prepared to design and
manage profit producing services with business or
sales orientation.
Membership
• Public - the entire community.
• Private - limited by organizational restrictions such
as age, sex, religion, etc..
• Commercial - limited by laws, traditions and ability
to pay.

Explanations for Differences in Leisure Participation

among Ethnic Groups
• Marginality thesis – a function of lack of opportunity
• Ethnicity thesis – culturally based value systems,
norms, and socialization patterns

Invisible People
• People living with particular situations that have left
them out of customary leisure services:
– People who are homeless – Unemployed people –
Migrant workers – Gay/Lesbian People
– HIV/AIDS victims

Chapter 14
Service Objectives of Type of Agencies
• Public - to provide opportunities that contribute to
the well-being of the community
• Private - the same as public but with limited
membership
• Commercial - provide activities or programs with
appeal

Types of Financing
• Public- taxes, gifts, grants, fees and
charges
• Private - gifts, grants, endowments, donations,
drives, membership fees