FURTHER READING 325

capacity on forced outage. We have found this concept difficult to impart and prefer
the present presentation. The practical results are identical to those found more
commonly in the literature.
The models of approximation using orthogonal expansions to represent capacity
distributions have been presented by Stremel and his associates. Reference 17 provides
an entry into this literature.
References 15 and 18 lead into the development of the expected production cost
method.
References t9-26 contain examples of different approaches to computing probabilistic
data and the extension of the methods to different problem areas and generation plant
configurations. The last two references are extensions of these techniques to incorporate
transmission network. Reference 28 is concerned with unit commitment, but it represents
the type of technique that would be useful in shorter-term production cost applications
involving transmission-constrained scheduling.
1. Wood, A. J ., Energy Production Cost Models, Symposium on Modeling and
Simulation, University of Pittsburgh, April 1972. Published in the Conference
Proceedings.
2. Bailey, E. S., J r., Galloway, C. D., Hawkins, E. S., Wood, A. J ., Generation Planning
Programs for Interconnected Systems: Part 11, Production Costing Programs,
AI EE Special Supplement, 1963, pp. 775-788.
3. Brennan, M. K., Galloway, C. D., Kirchmayer, L. K., Digital Computer Aids
Economic-Probabilistic Study of Generation Systems-I, AI EE Transactions (Power
Apparatus and Systems), Vol. 77, August 1958, pp. 564-571.
4. Galloway, C. D., Kirchmayer, L. K., Digital Computer Aids Economic-Probabilistic
Study of Generation Systems-11, AI EE Transactions (Power Apparatus and
Systems), Vol. 77, August 1958, pp. 571-577.
5 . Dillard, J . K., Sels, H. K., An Introduction to the Study of System Planning by
Operational Gaming Models, AI EE Transactions (Power Apparatus and Systems),
Vol. 78, Part 111, December 1959, pp. 1284-1290.
6. Billinton, R., Power System Reliability Evaluation, Gordon and Breach, New York,
1970.
7. Billinton, R., Binglee, R. J ., Wood, A. J ., Power System Reliability Calculations, MI T
Press, Cambridge, MA., 1973.
8. Garver, L. L., Reserve Planning using Outage Probabilities and Load Uncertain-
ties, I EEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, PAS-89, April 1970, pp.
9. Cook, V. M., Galloway, C. D., Steinberg, M. J ., Wood, A. J ., Determination of
Reserve Requirements of Two Interconnected Systems, AI EE Transactions, (Power
Apparatus and Systems), Vol. 82, Part 111, April 1963, pp. 18-33.
10. Bailey, E. S., J r., Galloway, C. D., Hawkins, E. S., Wood, A. J ., Generation Planning
Programs for Interconnected Systems: Part I, Expansion Programs, AI EE Special
Supplement, 1963, pp. 761 -764.
11. Spears, H. T., Hicks, K. L., Lee, S. T., Probability of Loss of Load for Three
Areas, I EEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-89, April
12. Pang, C. K., Wood, A. J., Multi-Area Generation System Reliability Calculations,
5 14-521.
1970, pp. 521-527.
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