Minimising Human Error during HSC Exams

By virtue of its definition, human error is something we all do. In the more quantitative HSC subjects such as
Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, human error can be a big cause of losing marks in exams. For example, how
often have you walked out of an exam room, and realise only moments later that you've lost a few marks in a
question or two due to 'silly mistakes'? Or when, coming out of an exam room, you chat with your friends about how
they did question X Y Z etc and realising you missed a tiny detail that cost you marks? This happens all too often for
many students, and the truth is, human error happens to all students, even the top ones.

Common places to make 'silly mistakes'

In HSC exams (as well as assessable school exams, since they are all similar to HSC exams), students mainly make
their silly mistakes in a few ways:
• Long, complex algebraic proofs (e.g. long proofs in Maths Extension 2, causing you to copy the previous
line's expressions incorrectly)
• Long calculation-based questions requiring long working-out and calculator work (e.g. molar calculations in
Chemistry)
• Multiple choice section in science exams

It is quite impossible to make a 'silly mistake' in humanities-type subjects like English, or in the long-answer sections
of science exams in the same ways as those described above.

Check your work after you finish

Since there's only a few situations where silly mistakes can be made, students should be mindful of which areas of
their exams they need to check over when they have spare time near the end of their exams.

In most cases, you would only have a little bit of time left after you finish your exam. Therefore, it is wise to know how
to best prioritise your time in checking for mistakes before the exam time is up. This is assuming you've already done
all the questions - if you've left some questions blank, obviously finish them before you begin checking your work.

Physics and Chemistry exams

For science exams like Physics and Chemistry, after you finish your exam, you should first check your entire multiple
choice section (the first 15 questions). A good way to do this is to hide your answer sheet, so you do not see your
original answers, reducing their influence. Seeing your original answers is not a good idea, as they may influence you
into making the same mistake as you first did. Hiding your original answer forces you to mentally do the question
again from scratch, and increases your chances of picking up an error that you've missed in your first attempt at the
questions.

As you do the multiple choice section for the first time, it is a good idea to circle the questions that you are unsure of
(on the question sheet), so that when you finish your exam, you should look at the circled questions first.

After you completely check over your multiple choice section, look over your calculation questions. In Physics, these
could be questions involving projectile motion, Special Relativity (time dilation, length contraction etc), motor torque,
forces on charged plates / conductors / charged particles etc. For Chemistry, these questions could be molar
calculations, pH calculations, volume calculations, galvanic cell potentials etc.

Some topics in Physics could be assisted with methods covered in Mathematics subjects. For example, in the Space
module, we learn how to do projectile motion calculations - these questions are much easier when analysed within
the Extension 1 framework of projectile motion. Of course, it would be faster if you use the formulae in the formula
sheet, but for checking purposes, you can use the Extension 1 method to verify your answers.

Science calculation questions often require the use of calculators, so not only do you have to check your algebra and
working-out, you also need to check your final answer, making sure you didn't key in something wrong on your
calculator. A good tip here is to become very familiar with your calculator - learn how to use its memory slots so you
can do an entire question very fast without needing to waste time writing things down (for checking purposes).
One last scenario that is unique to science HSC exams is that in some extended questions worth 5-8 marks (e.g.
discuss, analyse, evaluate, assess), you may be required to identify a list of factors / issues. You should briefly re-
read your long answer responses, making sure you've covered all the factors / issues that are required, and also
check that you've concluded the question with an assessment or evaluation, if required. The final conclusion in
assess / evaluate questions are worth a mark, and while this appears obvious to some students, many still make the
mistake of leaving their questions unconcluded.

Maths exams

There are two approaches to doing maths exams, and which approach you choose depends on your style. Some
students prefer to move through their exam as quickly as possible, leaving much time at the end to go over the entire
exam again (where possible). Other students prefer to go through their exam as carefully as possible, leaving much
less time at the end, for selective checking. There's no right or wrong approach, and we have 99+ students who
adopt either approach.

As a general recommendation, higher achievers should aim to do their exams as quickly as possible, with the aim of
having enough time at the end to comprehensively go through their entire exam a second time. However, not all
students are able to do this. The important thing is to be comfortable with your chosen approach.

As always, it is a good idea to circle the questions (on your question sheet) that you have difficulty with on your first
attempt of the exam. This way, you can selectively check over those questions first as you begin checking your exam.

One important thing to note is that in maths, there are many little mathematical tricks that allow you to check your
answer very quickly. For example, in Maths Extension 2, it is advised for students to memorise the general equations
for tangents for ellipses and hyperbolae, as this gives them much convenience when verifying answers in algebraic
form. If you're familiar with the many properties of the parabola, this would help in guiding you through the difficult
proofs involving parametric equations. In Probability questions involving Permutations and Combinations, sometimes
it is easier to arrange a set of possible actions, rather than the objects themselves. These little tips and tricks cannot
be explained properly in words, as they need proper examples to demonstrate, but students should pick these up
throughout their study.

In Maths Extension 2, students who are serious about achieving a high mark (e.g. a raw mark above 100/120) should
realise that they should not allocate their time linearly to the questions from 1 to 8. Basically, questions 1-4 should
take 10 minutes each, tops, and questions 5, 6 should take 20 minutes each, leaving plenty of time for questions 7
and 8. It is your performance in these last questions that set you apart from other high achievers, since most
Extension 2 students are perfectly capable of doing questions 1-6 relatively well.

Practice makes perfect

As with every skill in life, reducing the occurrence of silly mistakes can be improved through practice. Do more
questions, and mark them! Follow up and investigate on the ones you did incorrectly, and redo them. Always
challenge yourself with difficult questions. Never become 'complacent' just because you're doing well compared to
your peers at school. Always remember, you are up against the entire state.
Practicing for Physics and Chemistry

For science subjects, you'll need to split your time doing essay-type questions (discuss, assess, evaluate), short
answer questions (describe, explain, justify, outline) and the calculation type questions.

For calculation questions, make sure you understand the physical principles behind why the answer is correct.
Become familiar with your calculator's functionality, especially in using its memory slots, as this is extremely helpful
when doing those annoyingly long molar calculations. Lastly, make sure you are exposed to all types of calculation
questions for your subject. Doing questions from good books (like Jacaranda Physics, Macquarie Physics, Chemistry
Contexts, Conquering Chemistry etc) are a great start, but they are not enough. Do as many past papers / practice
questions you can get from your school teachers / HSC tuition services, and have them marked.
Practicing for Maths

For all levels of maths, the approach is the same - do as many questions as you can. Some books are better than
others - it is important to do the exercises in good textbooks, like Fitzpatrick (2 unit and 3 unit) and Cambridge (2 unit,
3 unit, 4 unit). However, you should note that some of the hardest and most unique questions can only be found
inside HSC exams. That is because HSC exams are often written by University professors, and the questions found
in them can sometimes be something unfamiliar to you if you only study using textbooks. For example, Maths
Extension 2 question 8s have always involved University-level maths and often require very unique and colourful
approaches to solve - such uniqueness is often lacking or in short supply in even the best of textbooks. Our tip is to
learn ahead of your school, and begin practicing by doing past HSC exams / past trial papers from reputable schools
as early in your HSC as possible. The key here is to see as many types of questions as possible, broadening your
experience as much as possible before each assessable exam.

One of our tutors who came 2nd in the state for Extension 2 claimed to have completed over 100 Extension 2 papers
as practice, back when he did his HSC (he started before his half-yearlies). Another of our tutors who came 3rd in the
state for Extension 2 (in a different year) claimed to have completed over 60 Extension 2 papers as practice.
Obviously such dedication is not required for most students, even for a 99+, but for an ATAR close to 99.95 or a
state-rank, dedication to gaining nothing short of a comprehensive and complete understanding of your subjects is
necessary.

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