REVOLUTION BRINGS REFORM & TERROR

p. 222-227
Objectives
Explain how the National Assembly changed
Frances Government
Summarize the positions of the three factions
that tried to govern France
Explain how war and the Kings execution
affected the Revolution
Describe the events and the aftermath of the
Reign of Terror
THE ASSEMBLY REFORMS FRANCE
The Rights of Man
Many nobles join National
Assembly
Motived by fear more than
idealism
The Declaration of the Rights
of Man and the Citizen
Reflects influence by U.S.
Declaration of Independence
Life
Liberty
Resistance to oppresion
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
THE ASSEMBLY REFORMS FRANCE
A State Controlled Church
Assembly takes over church
Takes land sells it
Priests and officials must be
elected
Paid as state officials
Devout Catholic peasants
Didnt want church part of state
Louis tries to Escape
Many supporters had
already fled
Louis tries to escape to
Austrian Netherlands
Captured and taken back to
Paris
DIVISIONS DEVELOP
A Limited Monarchy
Louis reluctantly signs new
constitution
Limited Constitutional Monarchy
Legislative Assembly
Create law
Wage war
King still the executive
Factions Split France
Old problems
still there
Food
shortages
Government
debt
DIVISIONS DEVELOP
Factions Split France
Radicals
Left
Opposed the idea of
Monarchy
Sweeping changes
Moderates
Center
Wanted some changes
Not as many as
radicals
Conservatives
Right
Upheld limited
Monarchy
Wanted few changes
WAR AND EXECUTION
Foreign monarchs watch with concern
Feared that revolution
might spread
Prussia and Austria urged
France to restore Louis XVI
Legislative Assembly
declares war
France at War
Starts badly
Prussians about to invade
Paris
Threaten to destroy Paris if royal
family is harmed
20,000 mob, massacre royal guards
Imprison the royal family
WAR AND EXECUTION
France at War (cont.)
Rumors that king is
going to escape
Citizens take law into
own hands
Murder 1,000 prisoners
Nobles, priest and royal
sympathizers killed
Legislative Assembly
declares king deposed
Dissolve Assembly
Call for election of new
legislature
Women not allowed to vote
WAR AND EXECUTION
Jacobins Take Control
Jacobin Club
Radical political organization
Jacobins lead the charge
Try Louis for treason
Found guilty by close vote
Beheaded by guillotine
The War Continues
French are doing surprisingly well
Brittan, Holland, and Spain join
opposition
French take extreme measure
Draft 300,000 citizens into the army
Army now 800,000 strong
Including women
THE TERROR GRIPS FRANCE
Robespierre Assumes Control
Maximillien Robespierre
To deal with domestic unrest, slowly gains
power
Governs France as a dictator
Becomes known as Reign of Terror
Enemies tried in the morning
Guillotined in evening
Most were other radical that challenged his
leadership
THE TERROR GRIPS FRANCE
In July of 1794 National Convention
turns on Robespierre
Receives the guillotine
Moderates establish 3
rd
plan of
government
2 legislative bodies
5 man executive body
Find the right general for Frances army
Napoleon Bonaparte
End of the Terror
Robespierre Assumes Control (cont.)
~40,000 people were executed
during the Reign of Terror
~85% were
Peasants
members of urban poor
Middle class