Problem Set 1: Normal Monohybrid Mendelian Genetics

1. In pea plants, spherical seeds (S) are dominant to dented seeds (s). In a genetic cross of to plants that are
hetero!ygo"s for the seed shape trait, hat fraction of the offspring sho"ld ha#e spherical seeds$ %&'
(. ) phenotypic ratio of %:1 in the offspring of a mating of to organisms for a single trait is e*pected hen:
there is a monohybrid cross or both parents are hetero!ygo"s
%. In Mendel+s ,-*periment 1,, tr"e breeding pea plants ith spherical seeds ere crossed ith tr"e breeding
plants ith dented seeds. (Spherical seeds are the dominant characteristic). Mendel collected the seeds from
this cross, gre .1/generation plants, let them self/pollinate to form a second generation, and analy!ed the
seeds of the res"lting .( generation. 0he res"lts that he obtained, and that yo" o"ld predict for this
e*periment are: % sperical seeds: 1 dented seed
'. ) genetic cross beteen to .1/hybrid pea plants for spherical seeds ill yield hat percent spherical/
seeded plants in the .( generation$ 123 (spherical is dominant o#er dented) ) genetic cross beteen to
.1/hybrid pea plants ha#ing yello seeds ill yield hat percent green/seeded plants in the .( generation$
(234ello seeds are dominant to green.
2. 5hen tr"e/breeding tall stem pea plants are crossed ith tr"e/breeding short stem pea plants, all of the
666.16666 plants, and %&' of the 6666.(6666 plants had tall stems. 0herefore, tall stems are dominant.
7. 0o identify the genotype of yello/seeded pea plants as either homo!ygo"s dominant (44) or hetero!ygo"s
(4y), yo" co"ld do a test cross ith plants of genotype 66yy666.) test cross is "sed to determine if the
genotype of a plant ith the dominant phenotype is homo!ygo"s or hetero!ygo"s. If the "n8non is
homo!ygo"s, all of the offspring of the test cross ha#e the 666466666 phenotype. If the "n8non is
hetero!ygo"s, half of the offspring ill ha#e the 664 or y666 phenotype.
1. In Mendel+s e*periments, if the gene for tall (0) plants as incompletely dominant o#er the gene for short (t)
plants, hat o"ld be the res"lt of crossing to 0t plants$ 1 tall: ( medi"m: 1 short
9. ) genetic cross of inbred snapdragons ith red floers ith inbred snapdragons ith hite floers res"lted
in .1/hybrid offspring that all had pin8 floers. 5hen the .1 plants ere self/pollinated, the res"lting .(/
generation plants had a phenotypic ratio of 1 red: ( pin8: 1 hite. 0he most li8ely e*planation is:
incomplete dominance
:. ;"man blood type is determined by co/dominant alleles. 0here are three different alleles, 8non as I
)
, I
<
,
and i. 0he I
)
and I
<
alleles are co/dominant, and the i allele is recessi#e.
0he possible h"man phenotypes for blood gro"p are type ), type <, type )<, and type =. 0ype ) and <
indi#id"als can be either homo!ygo"s (I
)
I
)
or I
<
I
<
, respecti#ely), or hetero!ygo"s (I
)
i or I
<
i, respecti#ely).
) oman ith type ) blood and a man ith type < blood co"ld potentially ha#e offspring ith hich of the
folloing blood types$ )ll fo"r blood types beca"se parents are I
)
i and I
<
i
1>. Man* cats are hetero!ygo"s for a dominant m"tation that res"lts in no tails (or #ery short tails), large
hind legs, and a distincti#e gait. 0he mating of to Man* cats yields to Man* 8ittens for each normal,
long/tailed 8itten, rather than three/to/one as o"ld be predicted from Mendelian genetics. 0herefore,
the m"tation ca"sing the Man* cat phenotype is li8ely a(n) 66lethal66666 allele.
11. 5hat are the possible blood types of the offspring of a cross beteen indi#id"als that are type )< and
type =$ (;int: blood type = is recessi#e) =nly ) or <
Problem Set (: ?ihybrid @ross
1. ) pea plant is hetero!ygo"s for both seed shape and seed color. S is the allele for the dominant, spherical
shape characteristicA s is the allele for the recessi#e, dented shape characteristic. 4 is the allele for the
dominant, yello color characteristicA y is the allele for the recessi#e, green color characteristic. 5hat ill
be the distrib"tion of these to alleles in this plant+s gametes$ 1 S4: 1 Sy: 1 s4: 1 sy
(. ) phenotype ratio of ::%:%:1 in the offspring of a mating of to organisms for to traits is e*pected hen:
doing a dihybrid cross
%. 5hich of the folloing genetic crosses o"ld be predicted to gi#e a phenotypic ratio of ::%:%:1$
A. SS44 * ssyy
B. Ss44 * SS4y
C. Ss4y * Ss4y only
D. SSyy * ss44
E. ss44 * ssyy
'. 0he gametes of a plant of genotype Ss4y sho"ld ha#e the genotypes: S4:Sy:s4:sy
2. 5hich of the folloing genotypes o"ld yo" not e*pect to find among the offspring of a Ss4y * ssyy test
cross:
A. ssyy
B. Ss4y
C. Ssyy
D. ss4y
E. Ss44 (only one not fo"nd beca"se of to dominant alleles 4)
7. 0he e*pected phenotypic ratio of the progeny of a Ss4y * ssyy test cross is: 1S4: 1Sy: 1s4A 1sy
1. In a dihybrid cross, )a<b * )a<b, hat fraction of the offspring ill be homo!ygo"s for both recessi#e
traits$ 1&17
9. .olloing a Ss4y * Ss4y dihybrid cross, hat fraction of the offspring are predicted to ha#e a genotype
that is hetero!ygo"s for both characteristics$ 1&'
:. In a dihybrid cross, Ss4y * Ss4y, hat fraction of the offspring ill be homo!ygo"s for both traits$
1>. If Mendel+s crosses beteen tall, spherical/seeded plants and short, dented/seeded plants had prod"ced
many more than 1&17 short, dented/seeded plants in the .( generation, he might ha#e concl"ded that:
A. the dented seed and short traits are "nlin8ed.
B. he o"ld not ha#e concl"ded any of the abo#e. (b"t he did not 8no of lin8ed genes at the time)
C. all traits in peas assort independently of each other.
D. the spherical seed and tall traits are lin8ed.
E. all traits in peas are lin8ed.
11. In Mendel+s e*periments, the spherical seed character (SS) is completely dominant o#er the dented seed
character (ss). If the characters for height ere incompletely dominant, s"ch that 00 are tall, 0t are
intermediate and tt are short, hat o"ld be the phenotypes res"lting from crossing a spherical/seeded,
short (SStt) plant to a dented/seeded, tall (ss00) plant$ Spherical seeds ith intermediate height
1(. 0o "nlin8ed loci affect mo"se hair color. CC or Cc mice are ago"ti. Mice ith genotype cc are albino
beca"se all pigment prod"ction and deposition of pigment in hair is bloc8ed. )t the second loc"s, the B
allele (blac8 ago"ti coat) is dominant to the b allele (bron ago"ti coat). ) mo"se ith a blac8 ago"ti coat
is mated ith an albino mo"se of genotype bbcc. ;alf of the offspring are albino, one B"arter are blac8
ago"ti, and one B"arter are bron ago"ti. 5hat is the genotype of the blac8 ago"ti parent$ <b@c
1%. 0o "nlin8ed loci effect mo"se hair color. AA or Aa mice are ago"ti. Mice ith genotype aa are albino
beca"se all pigment prod"ction is bloc8ed, regardless of the phenotype at the second loc"s. )t the second
loc"s, the B allele (ago"ti coat) is dominant to the b allele (blac8 coat). 5hat o"ld be the res"lt of a
cross beteen to ago"ti mice of genotype )a<b$ :&17 ago"ti: %&17 blac8: 1&' albino (%&17 C 1&17)