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=
6 2
0 b.
( )
lim f x
6 *
does not e6ist
c.
( )
lim f x
+
=
6 0
2
d.
( )
lim f x
=
6 2
*
e.
( )
lim f x
=
6 0
*
f.
( )
lim f x
=
6 0
0
$.
( )
lim f x
=
6 *
0
8ind the lar$est that 9,or/s: for the $i5en ; 0.+ ,ith
lim
=
6 0
+6 20
<imits that 8ail to =6ist
(. Beha5ior differs from the left and ri$ht.
2. >nbounded beha5ior.
*. Oscillatin$ beha5ior.
!ection 2.*
'ore on <imits
>ni2ueness of a <imit
?f
( )
lim f
=
6 c
6 < and
( )
lim f
=
6 c
6 '
then < ; '.
1he <imit of the !um@..
?f
( )
lim f
=
6 c
6 < and
( )
lim g
=
6 c
6 '
then
( ) ( ) ( )
lim f g
+ = +
6 c
6 6 < '
is the sum of the limits
(pro5ided the limits e6ist".
1he <imit of the Aifference@..
?f
( )
lim f
=
6 c
6 < and
( )
lim g
=
6 c
6 '
then
( ) ( ) ( )
lim f g
=
6 c
6 6 < '
is the difference of the limits
(pro5ided the limits e6ist".
1he <imit of the Product@..
?f
( )
lim f
=
6 c
6 < and
( )
lim g
=
6 c
6 '
then
( ) ( ) ( )
lim f g
=
6 c
6 6 <'
is the product of the limits
(pro5ided the limits e6ist".
1he <imit of the Buotients@..
?f
( )
lim f
=
6 c
6 < and
( )
lim g
=
6 c
6 '
and ' 0
then
( )
( )
f
lim
g
=
6 c
6
<
6 '
is the 2uotient of the limits
(pro5ided the limits e6ist".
'ore on Buotients@.
?f
( )
lim f
=
6 c
6 < and
( )
lim g
=
6 c
6 '
and
< 0 and ' ; 0C
then
( )
( )
f
lim
g
6 c
6
does not e6ist
6
Graph f (6" ; *.
( )
lim f lim
= =
6 + 6 +
6 *
%hat about 6 ; (3D
%hat about an& real 5alue for 6D
lim
=
6 c
a aC
,here a and c are constants.
Graph f (6" ; 6.
%hat is
( )
lim f lim
= =
6 + 6 +
6 6
%hat about 6 ; (3D
%hat about an& real 5alue for 6D
lim
=
6 c
6 cC
,here c is a constant.
%hich ta/es us to@.
%hat is a Pol&nomial 8unctionD
n&thin$ of the form
( )
f
= + + + +
n n (
n n ( ( 0
6 a 6 a 6 a 6 a E
,here 9a: is real number and the e6ponent is an inte$er
$reater than or e2ual to 0.
8or =6ample#
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
f
g
h
j
k
= +
= +
=
= +
=
*
2
F
0
6 26 6 (
(
6 F6 *6
2
6 66 *
t 3t 6t (
t 3t
%hat is a 4ational 8unctionD
4ational 8unction ?s a Buotient of Pol&nomials.
8or =6ample#
( )
( )
( )
f
r
G
+ +
=
+
+
=
*
2
3
3 2
26 26 +
6
*6 (
2
6
26 +
5 25 (
5
G5 +5 F
Pol&nomials
and
4ational 8unctions
are
!umsC Products and Buotients
of
!calars and x.
1heorem#
<et p(6" be a pol&nomial and let 9a:
be a real number. 1hen
( ) ( )
lim p p
=
6 a
6 a
Plu$ it inC plu$ it inC and see ,hat happens.
( )
lim
+ + =
0 2
6 2
+6 *6 6
!oC ho, do ,e e5aluate
( )
( )
p
lim
q
6 c
6
6
,here p(6" and q(6" are pol&nomialsD
Plu$ it inC plu$ it inC and see ,hat happens.
Get a numberC &ou are done.
Get somethin$ o5er zeroC consider other thin$s.
1heorem#
<et p(6" and q(6" be pol&nomials
and let 9a: be a real number.
1hen
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
p
q
p
q lim
q
p q
6 a
a
if a 0
6
a
6
undefined if a 0 and a 0
?f p(a" ; q(a" ; 0C more ,or/ is re2uired to determine the limit.
lim
+
+
*
2
6 2
26 6 (
*6 (
lim
+
*
2
6 (
6 (
6 6 2
lim
+
6 *
6 *
6 0
lim
6 0
6 + *
6 0
lim
+
*
2
6 (
6 (
6 6
lim
+
2
6 (
6 (
6 (
?f
( )
,
f
,
0t 3
t 2
t
t 2
G t 2
then
( )
lim f
=
t 2
t
lim
+
6 0
( (
6 0 0
6
!ection 2.0
Continuit&HHHHH
,hat is itD
function f is said to be continuous at a point c if
(" f ( c " is defined.
2"
( )
lim f
6 c
6 e6ists
(limit from the left e2uals the limit from the ri$ht"
*" f ( c " ;
( )
lim f
6 c
6
1his is the three step method to pro5e continuit&.