GLAGOLSKA VREMENA ( V verb, oznaka za glavni glagol)

PRESENT SIMPLE
Examples (primjeri):
The annual report contains a lot of background information about the company.
We usually raise our prices at the beginning of the year. Ho often do you raise yours!
These figures don"t add up.
The meeting starts at #.$$ on the dot.
%&'(:
)(s) in the positi*e
do+does , ) in the negati*e
interrogati*e
- ork in different departments
.ou don"t produce a monthly report
We
They
/o you need more information!
He needs more information.
He doesn"t need0 + /oes he need0!
We use the present simple:
1. to indicate a general or permanent acti*ity:
The company manufactures a ide range of plastics.
2. to describe a truth or current belief:
3ompany cultures e*ol*e and de*elop.
4. to describe ho often an acti*ity is done:
Ho often do you *isit your 5merican plant! 6 - go there tice a year.
7. to indicate a fixed schedule in the future. (timetables8 dates)
When does the ne plant open! -t opens officially on 1st 9uly.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE)
The company is expanding at the moment.
5t present e are recruiting a ne :roduction /irector.
What is happening in the (arketing /epartment! We are just finishing the market research.
We are launching the ne model next month. (;&T lunching)
%&'( 6 What does it consist of!
T& <E , ) 6 ing
(present)
=he is checking the figures.
=he is not+isn"t taking a bus.
-s she doing it correctly! -sn"t she0
We use the present continuous:
1. to indicate an acti*ity at the moment of speaking:
5: What are you doing!
<: -"m riting a job application.
2. to indicate an acti*ity around the time of speaking:
We are setting up a number of independent profit centres.
4. to indicate the temporary nature of an acti*ity:
-"m helping the sales team at the moment (but normally - ork on other acti*ities).
7. to indicate a fixed arrangement in the future:
We are presenting the ne company structure at next month"s meeting.
Here e usually use a time expression to sho that e mean future time.
=ome *erbs8 especially those describing states8 beliefs8 or *erbs hich make a declaration8 are
ne*er8 or rarely8 used in the present continuous.
(antex ons o*er >$? of the shares.
The box contains 177 packets.
The consignment eighs 77 kilos.
3 @ % means that insurance is not included in the price Auoted by the exporter.
They belie*e in free trade.
- realise that there has been a breakdon.
- don"t understand ho the profit margin is calculated.
- promise to deal ith the matter myself.
PAST SIMPLE
Bast year the labour las changed.
- as in &slo three eeks ago.
When did you finish stock6taking! 6 We put the final details into the system four days ago.
5t that time e didn"t need to ask the bank for an o*erdraft.
%&'(
) , ed (or irregularC) 6 positi*e
did , ) (base form) negati*e , interrogati*e
Typical past time markers:
yesterdayD 0 agoD last0D at that time
on , day + date (on (onday8 on 22 9une)
in , month + year (in (arch8 in 1#E4)
PAST CONTINUOUS
While e ere seeking a solution they ere doing e*erything to oppose us.
- as talking to 9ohn hen fire broke out.
%&'(
:ast tense of <E (as + ere) , ) 0 ing
1. We use the :ast 3ontinuous hen e ant to emphasiFe the duration or continuity of a past
e*ent:
/uring the late E$s technology as changing and more sophisticated databases ere
becoming a*ailable.
2. -t can also be used for repeated actions:
When he orked here8 he as alays making mistakes.
4. :ast 3ontinuous and :ast =imple are often used together in a sentenceD the :ast 3ontinuous
describes an e*ent in progress that as interrupted by another (:ast =imple):
(y car broke don hile - as dri*ing from <arcelona to (adrid.
- as just lea*ing the office hen he called.
3ompare the folloing sentences:
- read a book last night.
- as reading a book last night.
5 girl droned in the lake.
5 girl as droning in the lake.
PRESENT PERFECT
<usiness confidence has dropped as a result of the recession.
The markets ha*en"t increased all this year.
Ha*e you seen the ne legislation on en*ironmental protection!
%&'(
H5)E + H5= , :ast :articiple
-n meaning8 the present perfect is alays linked to the present8 and indicates:
1. an acti*ity at some non6specific tome in the past ith an impact or result in the present:
The go*ernment has reduced interest rates. (present result G rates are no loer)
cf. The go*ernment reduced interest rates last eek. (specific time in the past)
2. an acti*ity ithin a period of time hich is not yet finished:
(this morning + eek + yearD todayD noD justD already 6 yet (neg.+interr.)D e*er 6 ne*er)
Huality has impro*ed this year.
cf. Huality impro*ed last year.
4. an acti*ity hich started in the past and continues to the present:
since (starting point)
for (a period)
=he has orked as :urchasing (anager since 1#E#. (she still holds the position)
The company has operated from this site for fi*e years. (they started fi*e years ago)
=o far + Ip to no + up till no e ha*e purchased four companies. (in the period beteen
then and no)
.ET + 5B'E5/.
Ha*e you made an appointment yet!
- ha*enJt ritten the report yet.
We ha*e already recruited someone for the post.
THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
present perfect of <E , ) 0 ing
3ompare:
a) He"s ritten his speech for the 5K(. (-t is completed8 he has it no.)
b) He"s been riting his speech for the 5K(. (He hasn"t finished it yet.)
c) =he has learnt ho to use the off6set printer. (=he can use it no.)
d) =he has been learning English for 1$ years. (This process is ne*er completeC)
With present perfect continuous 5B=&: 0 for 1$ years no.
PAST PERFECT
-n 1##1 9ane Wilson decided to use the money she had inherited from her father to build a
children"s hospital.
%&'(: H5/ , :ast :articiple
future

inheritance 1##1 ;&W
(&/5B )E'<=
:omoLni modalni glagoli (drugi stupac) se kombiniraju s osno*nim oblikom gla*nog glagola
(neki su na*edeni u treLem stupcu).
66666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666666
- ill be
you shall do
he can ha*e
she could get
it may come
might rite
e must see
you ould G "d make
they should sell
ought to buy
pay etc.
FUTURE
We use the modal ill (ill not + on"t) to talk about : 6 the future
6 illingness
;ote the difference beteen these to sentences:
- on"t be at the meeting.
- ant to be at the meeting.
1. =pontaneous decision for the future:
&M8 -"ll take the minutes of the meeting. (9a Lu *oditi Fapisnik)
2. %uture fact
The conference ill begin next (onday at # o"clock.
4. 5fter *erbs of mental acti*ity e. g. think8 hope8 expect:
- expect that this decision ill cause a lot of contro*ersy.
7. -n the main clause of conditional sentences type 1:
-f you come tomorro8 e"ll discuss it in detail.
;egati*es ith NthinkN8 Nbelie*eN0
- think he ill. 6 - don"t think he ill.
&ther ays of expressing future:
The phone for 'io lea*es at 4.4$.
-"m seeing the president tomorro.
We are to see (rs (aart on > /ec.
.ou are to be there at # a.m. sharp. (definite arrangement8 schedules)
GOING TO-FUTURE
%&'(: <E , going to , )
1. To indicate an action that has already been decided:
We are going to end the conference on %riday at O o"clock.
2. -ntentions
They are going to look for cheaper producers in the %ar East.
We"re going to open a subsidiary in )ienna.
4. To indicate a future acti*ity based on the present situation:
-nterest rates ha*e just fallen. =o e are certainly going to be able to make the in*estment.
He"s going to lea*e the firm *ery soon8 isn"t he!
T'5;=B5TE THE=E =E;TE;3E=:
.ou may atch the film.
:eople may be atching.
He might be an actor.
He might be reading your letter right no.
-"ll see you tomorro.
-"ll be seeing you.
When ill you come!
When ill you be coming!
He can"t fall in lo*e.
He can"t be falling in lo*e.
;EK5T-);- - I:-T;- &<B-3- M&/ %ITI'5 - (&/5B;-H KB5K&B5:
;EK5T-)E: - ill ;&T go
.ou can
-;TE''&K5T-)E:
Will you come!
3an he go! P.es +;oQ Auestions
Would be coming!
WHE;
H&W 0 Ra pitanja koja poSinju upitnom rijeSi8 odgo*arajuLu upitnu
rijeS treba sta*iti ispred postojeLeg Pyes+noQ pitanja.
I:-T;E '-9ET-:
WH&
WH5T
WH-3H
WHE;
WHE'E
WH.
H&W
H&W , UU (H&W B&;K8 H&W %5'8 H&W &%TE;8 H&W (I3H (, uncountable noun)8
H&W (5;. (, countable noun)8 H&W , adjecti*e (Ho rich can you get ith oil!)