Grothendieck - Serre Duality

yagism
2014 9 11
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Contents
0 Intro 3
0.1 Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
0.2 Notations and Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
0.3 Main Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1 Language of Categories 4
1.1 Abelian category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2 Cohomology via derived functor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 Why derived category? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.4 Derived category . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2 Language of Schemes 7
3 Proof of Main Theorem 8
3.1 basic stategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
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0 Intro
0.1 Preface
L
A
T
E
X Twitter
yagism
0.2 Notations and Terminology
pdf
scheme

EGA prescheme
Grothendieck universe
scheme sch. separated sepd
0.3 Main Theorem
pdf
Thm. 0.1 (Grothendieck - Serre duality)
Let f : X Y projective embeddable morphism between Noetherien sch. with nite Krull dimension. Then,
there exists the isomorphism
Rf

RH om
X
(F, f
!
G)
//
RH om
Y
(Rf

F, G)
where F D

qc
(X), G D
+
qc
(Y).
Rem. 0.1
Let Y a algebraic closed eld k, and G the dualizing sheaf

, and take cohomologies. Then we have usual Serre

duality
Ext
i
(F,

) H
ni
(X, F)

where V

is the dual vector space of V

3
1 Language of Categories
1.1 Abelian category
Def. 1.1.1 (Abelian cat.)
See [2], and[3].
Comments.
We call an Ab.cat. satisfying these following conditions Grothendieck category
(GC 1) There exists an arbitrary direct limit.
(GC 2) There exists generators of Abelian category.(See [2])
Groth.cat. spectrum
ATOM SPECTRA OF GROTHENDIECK CATEGORIES AND
COLORED QUIVER CONSTRUCTION(http://ir.nul.nagoya-u.ac.jp/jspui/handle/2237/19983) [6].
Def. 1.1.2 (injective object)
See [3]
Thm. 1.1 (When does Ab.cat. have enough injective objects ?)
Let A Ab.cat. such that is cocomplete, the functor of taking direct limits on A is exact functor, and has generators.
Then, A has enough injective objects.
Prf. See T ohoku paper[2]
Rem. 1.1
Abelian categories that we usually consider in (i.e. cat.of modules over ring Mod(R), or cat.of Module sheaves
over schemes Mod(X)) satises the conditions of above theorem, that is, is enough injective.
Moreover, this theorem is useful, when we work in etale cohomology theory.
Comments.
Ab.cat. enough injective cat.of Module
sheaves injective object (See [5] Chap.3-2)
4
1.2 Cohomology via derived functor
Def. 1.2.1 ( - foncteur)
Let A Ab.cat., C additive cat., and (T

) family of foncteurs of A to C. We call (T

) -foncteur if it satises
the condition
At rst, for every exact sequence in A
0
//
A

//
A
//
A

//
0 ,
we have long complex
. . .
//
T
i
(A

)
//
T
i
(A)
//
T
i
(A

)

//
T
i+1
(A

)
//
. . . .
Second, for every commutative diagram with two horizontal exact sequence in A
0
//
A

//

A
//

//

0
0
//
B

//
B
//
B

//
0 ,
we have
T
i
(A

)

//

T
i+1
(A

T
i
(B

)

//
T
i+1
(B

) .
Moreover, we call -foncteur exact when the above long complex is exact sequence. And usually, we call
exact -foncteur cohomologicy foncteur.
Rem. 1.2
We consider in the only case that every index set of -foncteur is Z
0
.
These notations of -foncteur are owe to Grothendiecks T ohoku paper [2].
Def. 1.2.2 (universal -foncteur, satellite foncteur)
We call -foncteur (T

) universal when for another -foncteur with the same degree (T

) and natural trans-

formation ( f
i
)
0ii
0
of (T

) to (T

), there exists a natural transformation ( f

) s.t. f
i
is the given f
i
for i i
0
.
Let F contravariant foncteur of C to C

. Then, universal -foncteur (T

) s.t. T
0
F exists uniquely (up to
isom.) if exists.
In this, the universal -foncteur (T

) is called satellite foncteur of F, and denote (S

F).
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Thm. 1.2 (When is exact -foncteur universal ?)
Let C C

Ab.cat. and (T

) exact -foncteur. Morever, T

i
is effaceable for i > 0, then (T

) is universal. In
addition, if C is enough injective and (T

) is universal exact -foncteur, then T

i
is effaceable for i > 0.
This thm.is proved easily with the help of the next Key Thm.
Thm. 1.3 (Key)
Let C Ab.cat. with enough injective objects, F contravariant additive foncteur of C. Then, there exists the
satellite foncteur (S

F) and S
i
F is effaceable for i > 0. Moreover, (S

F) is exact (universal -foncteur) if and

only if F is left or right exact foncteur.
Def. 1.2.3 (derived fonceur)
1.3 Why derived category?
1.4 Derived category
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2 Language of Schemes
7
3 Proof of Main Theorem
3.1 basic stategy
8
Reference
[1] Grothendieck,

El ements de G eom etie Alg ebrique

[2] Grothendieck, Sur quelques points dalg ebre homologique
[3] Weibel, Introduction to Homological Algebra
[4] Hartshorne, Residues and Duality
[5] Hartshorne, Algebraic Geometry
[6] Kanda Ryo, ATOM SPECTRA OF GROTHENDIECK CATEGORIES AND COLORED QUIVER CON-
STRUCTION
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