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Civil Engineering interview questions and answers Part1
1.What are the steps involved in the concreting process, explain?
ans:The major steps involved in the process of concreting are as follows:
1. Batching
2. Mixing
3. Transporting and placing of concrete
4. Compacting.
Batching: The process of measurement of the different materials for the making of concrete is
known as batching. batching is usually done in two ways: volume batching and weight
batching. In case of volume batching the measurement is done in the form of volume whereas
in the case of weight batching it is done by the weight.
Mixing: In order to create good concrete the mixing of the materials should be first done in dry
condition and after it wet condition. The two general methods of mixing are: hand mixing and
machine mixing.
Transportation and placing of concrete: Once the concrete mixture is created it must be
transported to its final location. The concrete is placed on form works and should always be
dropped on its final location as closely as possible.
Compaction of concrete: When concrete is placed it can have air bubbles entrapped in it
which can lead to the reduction of the strength by 30%. In order to reduce the air bubbles the
process of compaction is performed. Compaction is generally performed in two ways: by hand
or by the use of vibrators.
2.Describe briefly the various methods of concrete curing.
Ans:Curing is the process of maintaining the moisture and temperature conditions for freshly
deployed concrete. This is done for small duration of time to allow the hardening of concrete.
The methods that are involved in saving the shrinkage of the concrete includes:
(a) Spraying of water: on walls, and columns can be cured by sprinkling water.
(b) Wet covering of surface: can be cured by using the surface with wet gunny bags or straw
(c) Ponding: the horizontal surfaces including the slab and floors can be cured by stagnating
the water.
(d) Steam curing: of pre-fabricated concrete units steam can be cured by passing it over the
units that are under closed chambers. It allows faster curing process and results in faster
recovery.
(e) Application of curing compounds: compounds having calcium chloride can be applied on
curing surface. This keeps the surface wet for a very long time.
3.What do you understand by preset during the installation process of bridge
bearings?
Ans:During the installation of bridge bearings the size of the upper plates is reduced to save
the material costs. This process is known as preset. Generally the upper bearing plate
comprises of the following components:
Length of bearing
2 x irreversible movement.
2 x reversible movement.
The bearing initially is placed right in the middle point of the upper bearing plate. No directional
effects of irreversible movement is considered. But since the irreversible movement usually
takes place in one direction only the displaced direction is placed away from the midpoint. In
such cases the length of the upper plate is equal to the length of the length of the bearing +
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irreversible movement + 2 x reversible movement.
4.Why are steel plates inserted inside bearings in elastomeric bearings?
Ans:In order to make a elastomeric bearing act/ function as a soft spring it should be made to
allow it to bulge laterally and also the stiffness compression can be increased by simply
increasing the limiting amount of the lateral bulging. In many cases in order to increase the
compression stiffness of the bearing the usage of metal plates is made. Once steel plates are
included in the bearings the freedom of the bulge is restricted dramatically, also the deflection
of the bearing is reduced as compared to a bearing without the presence of steel plates. The
tensile stresses of the bearings are induced into the steel plates. But the presence of the metal
plates does not affect the shear stiffness of the bearings.
5.What reinforcements are used in the process of prestressing?
Ans:The major types of reinforcements used in prestressing are:
=> Spalling Reinforcement: The spalling stresses leads to stress behind the loaded area of the
anchor blocks. This results in the breaking off of the surface concrete. The most likely causes
of such types of stresses are Poisson`s effects strain interoperability or by the stress trajectory
shapes.
=> Equilibrium reinforcements: This type of reinforcements are required where several
anchorages exist where the prestressing loads are applied in a sequential manner.
=> Bursting Reinforcements: These kinds of stresses occur in cases where the stress
trajectories are concave towards the line of action of load. In order to reduce such stresses
reinforcements in the form of bursting is required.
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