SAPI PLANTATIONS SDN BHD

SAPI PALM OIL MILL

PROPOSAL OF BIOGAS PLANT PROJECT
DATE OF PREPARED : 18
TH
NOVEMBER 2009
TABLE OF CONTENTS
NO PAGE
1.0 INTRODUCTION. 4
1.1 PPB OIL PALM BERHAD En!"#n$%n& P#'!(). *
1.2 A(+n#,'%-.%$%n& L%&&%"/
2.0 BIOGAS PLANT PROJECT0
2.1 P"#1%(& C#n(%2&... 0
2.2 B3(+."#4n- #5 C#n(%2&.. 0
1
2.6 L#(3&!#n #5 S32! P3'$ O!' M!'' !n E37& C#37&8 S393:.......8
2.4 L#(3&!#n #5 B!#.37 P'3n& !n S32! P3'$ O!' M!''........9
6.0 FLO; CHART OF NE; PROPOSED ;ASTE;ATER
TREATMENT PLANT...10
6.1 D%7("!2&!#n #5 N%, P"#2#7%- ;37&%,3&%" T"%3&$%n&
P'3n& F'#,..11
4.0 NE; PROPOSED BIOGAS PLANT FLO; DIAGRAM..12
4.1 D%7("!2&!#n #5 N%, P"#2#7%- B!#.37 P'3n& D!3."3$.................................16
*.0 METHODICAL TABULATION ...........1/
*.1 C#$24&3&!#n B!#(:%$!(3' O<).%n D%$3n- 5#"
E55'4%n& T"%3&$%n& P'3n& 3n- N%, P"#2#7%-
B!#.37 P'3n& ....1/
*.2 C3'(4'3&!#n #5 BOD 5#" N%, P"#2#7%- B!#.37 P'3n&.10
*.6 C3'(4'3&!#n #5 BOD 5#" A%"#9!( P#n-7....................................18
*.4 C3'(4'3&!#n #5 BOD 5#" F3(4'&3&!% P#n-7..........19
*.* C3'(4'3&!#n #5 BOD 5#" P#'!7:!n. P#n-...20
/.0 CONCLUSION.21
0.0 GLOSSAR= OF TERMS....22
8.0 APPENDI> A
8.1 R3!n53'' C:3"&.... 26
8.2 R%74'& #5 BOD 5#" 2008 3n- 2009 ....................................24
8.6 B!#.37 P'3n& L3)#4& P'3n& ...2*
8.4 A""3n.%$%n& #5 B!#.37 P'3n& S)7&%$ .................................2/
2
1.0 INTRODUCTION
As the Sapi Palm Oil Mill ( 60 mt/ hrs ) has started with combination of effluent treatment ponding
system and land irrigation from May 00!" the final effluent is considerable #ery well treated and almost
achie#ed the $ero discharge to water course% &he palm oil mill effluent ( POM' ) is no longer considered
as a source of pollution of ri#er and nowadays e#ery single drops of POM' was transferred into field for
impro#ing the soil condition and subse(uently" reducing the tonnage of non)organic fertili$er application
which is nightmare for e#ery plantation company%
*or further preser#ing the en#ironment climate and eliminate any potential ad#erse global
warming impact on our planet" the management of Sapi Palm Oil Mill ( PP+ Oil Palms +erhad ) has
decided to de#elop of Sapi Methane ,eco#ery in -astewater &reatment and .tili$ation for electricity
3
pro/ect at Sapi Palm Oil Mill% &his pro/ect will register as part of the 0lean 1e#elopment Mechanisms
( 01M ) under the .nited 2ations *ramewor3 0on#ection on 0limate 0hange ( .2*000 )% &he
proposed Palm Oil Mill Methane ,eco#ery and Power 4eneration will apply inno#ation en#ironment
technology to impro#e waste management at the mill and reduce the emission of methane to the
atmosphere% &his pro/ect also contributes to Malaysia5s sustainable de#elopment policy on efficient waste
management in the palm oil industry and help to reduce the green house gas emissions ( 464s )% &o
implement this pro/ect" we do had sur#eyed e#ery single corner of our area where is best suit to the pro/ect
implementation% &he details will present on the following this proposal%

1.1 PPB OIL PALMS BERHAD ENVIRONMENTAL POLIC=:
ENVIRONMENTAL POLIC=
4
PP+ Oil Palms +erhad has assle" to minimi$e the en#ironmental impacts of all our acti#ities and we shall
achie#e this through 7)
89 0ompliance with all rele#ant en#ironmental laws and their re(uirements:

89 1e#eloping oil palm plantations only on degraded and logged o#er land% Oil palm de#elopment
on pristine unlogged forest is totally prohibited:
;
89 Adherence by all concerned to the 4ood Agricultural and Manufacturing 0ode of Practices
which are based on principles of sustainability and these are documented in the Agricultural
; and Milling Manuals:
89 Preser#ing unplantable areas (where applicable) as highly protected conser#ation areas to
enhance biodi#ersity in the plantation en#ironment:
89 'mployees (directly or indirectly employed) ta3ing all reasonable measures to co)operate with
management and complying with the rele#ant laws" instructions and/ or measures instituted
; concerning the en#ironment:
89 Ma3ing all rele#ant information and instructions on minimi$ing en#ironmental impacts in all
related agricultural and milling operations a#ailable to all concerned:
89 ,egularly educating and updating all concerned on issues related to the en#ironment and
adopting a concept of continuous impro#ement in minimi$ing their impact through all practical
; means%
+y Order of the +oard of 1irectors
of PPB OIL PALMS BERHAD
'n#ironmental Policy (86)<)06)
1.2 AC?NO;LEDGEMENT LETTER:
5
2.0 BIOGAS PLANT PROJECT
6
&he main ob/ecti#e of +=O4AS P>A2& pro/ect is helping to protect the eco)climate and eco)
friendly en#ironment for the sustainable palm oil industries% &he growing palm oil industries and e?tracts
oil from the *resh *ruit +unches ( **+ ) at its processing plant% &his creates solid waste ( fibre" decanter
ca3e" boiler ash and empty fruit bunches) and effluent that contains potentially emission gases such as
methane ( 06@ )" carbon dio?ide ( 0O ) and etc%
Methane ( 06@ ) in the atmosphere is an important 4reen 6ouse 4as ( 464 ) with global warming
potential of <3g 0O o#er 800 year period% &his means that a methane emission will ha#e < times the
impact on temperature of a carbon dio?ide emission of the same mass o#er the following 800 years%
Methane has a large effect for a brief period ( a net lifetime of A%@ years in the atmosphere ) whereas
carbon dio?ide has a small effect for a long period ( o#er 800 years )% +ecause of this difference in effect
and time period" the global warming potential of methane o#er a 0 year time period of B% &herefore"
methane from anaerobic digestion processes is highly recommended to burn off so that 0O is released
into the atmosphere instead of methane because methane is such as a more effecti#e green house gas%
+y using this free methane gas ( also referred to as renewable biogas ) on the site to produce green
energy" it will (ualifies our mill for additional re#enue streams in the forms of a carbon dio?ide credits and
renewable energy credit% A part from that" there was e?pected dramatic and significant reduction of
biochemical o?ygen demand ( +O1 )" nitrogen and phosphorous in palm oil mill effluent ( POM' )%
2.1 PROJECT CONCEPT:
&he +iogas Plant pro/ect is the practice of capturing generated methane gas from anaerobic
digestion processes% 1uring the process" an air)tight tan3 transforms biomass waste into methane gas
producing renewable energy that can be used for electricity" heating and many other operations that use
any #ariation of an internal combustion engine%
2.2 BAC?GROUND OF CONCEPT:
&he +iogas plant consists of two components namely +io)digester ( or fermentation tan3 ) and 4as
holder% &he bio)digester is a cube shaped or cylindrical waterproof container with an inlet into which the
fermentable mi?ture is introduced in the form of a li(uid slurry ( sludge )% &he gas folder is normally an
airproof steel container that" by floating li3e a ball on the fermentation mi?" cut" off air to the digester and
collect the gas generated% &he most li3ely used design in Sapi +iogas plant" the gas holder is e(uipped
with gas outlet" while the digesters is pro#ided o#erflow pipe to lead the effluent out into aerobic ponds%
7
2.6 LOCATION OF SAPI PALM OIL MILL IN EAST COAST8 SABAH:
8
2.4 LOCATION OF BIOGAS PLANT IN SAPI PALM OIL MILL:

NE; PROPOSED BIOGAS PLANT
MIXING POND
2
AEROBIC
POND 1
AEROBIC
POND 2
FACULTATIVE
POND 1 2
FACULTATIVE
POND 2
POLISHING
POND
9
6.0 FLO; CHART OF NE; PROPOSED ;ASTE;ATER TREATMENT
PLANT
10
PALM OIL
MILL
EFFLUENT
( POME )
PALM OIL
MILL
EFFLUENT
( POME )
MIXING POND
NO:1 & NO:2
MIXING POND
NO:1 & NO:2
6.1 DESCRIPTION OF NE; PROPOSED ;ASTE;ATER TREATMENT PLANT FLO;:
*irst stage" the palm oil mill effluent ( POM' ) will flow out from mill itself to the mi?ing pond
no7 8 and no7 for purposes of cooling and readily further digestion treatment% 2e?t step" the #ery hea#y
acidic sludge POM' ( 0O1 C ;0"000 PPM ) from mi?ing pond no7 will pump to +io)digester &an3 of
+iogas Plant and the anaerobic digestion process which is brought about by the complementary acti#ities
( A ) BURNER ( PHASE
I )
( B ) BIOGAS
GENERATOR (
PHASE II )
( A ) BURNER ( PHASE
I )
( B ) BIOGAS
GENERATOR (
PHASE II )
11
New Proo!e"
BIOGAS PLANT
( CLOSED TAN#
ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION S$STEM )

New Proo!e"
BIOGAS PLANT
( CLOSED TAN#
ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION S$STEM )

SOIL INFILTRATION
&
EVAPOTRANSPIRATI
ON
SOIL INFILTRATION
&
EVAPOTRANSPIRATI
ON
CONVERT
METHANE
( CH
%
) TO
CARBON
DIOXIDE ( CO
2
)
AND RELEASE
TO O&ONE
CONVERT
METHANE
( CH
%
) TO
CARBON
DIOXIDE ( CO
2
)
AND RELEASE
TO O&ONE
LAND IRRIGATION AREA
( 2'(% HA )
LAND IRRIGATION AREA
( 2'(% HA )
AEROBIC POND 1 & 2 ( er)*o+!
A,-ero.*/ Po," 1 & 2 )
FACULATATIVE POND 1 & 2
POLISHING POND ( FINAL DISCHARGE
POINT X )
AEROBIC POND 1 & 2 ( er)*o+!
A,-ero.*/ Po," 1 & 2 )
FACULATATIVE POND 1 & 2
POLISHING POND ( FINAL DISCHARGE
POINT X )
of acti#e bacteria will be begin% =n a biogas plant" fermentation and decomposition processes produce
biogas ( #aluable gas of methane ) which is used to generate electricity as efficiently as possible% &he
produced methane (06@) gases ( point A ) will be burn off at the burner for the phase one ( = )% *or phase
two ( == ) methane gas will be filter up and compress before supply to biogas generator ( internal
combustion engine )% +y doing so" the potent methane ( point + ) will con#ert into the carbon dio?ide
(0O) and water ( 6O )%
After anaerobic digestion processes in +iogas Plant and turn it to be a less hea#y sludge and more
on al3aline condition ( +O1 D 8000 PPM and 0O1 D 000 PPM )% At this moment" all the POM' will
transfer into the aerobic ponds ( per#ious anaerobic ponds )" then facultati#e ponds and the final polishing
pond ( final discharge point E located )%
&he POM' only can discharge to the land irrigation area ( !%@ 6A ) in the field when its meet
minimum re(uirement ( +O1 F 800 PPM ) as stated on the licenses of 1epartment of 'n#ironment ( 1O'
)% &he POM' will store in the drainage or trenches and slowly absorbed by soil infiltration or
e#apotranspiration processes% &he monthly sample will ta3en at the upstream" downstream and final
discharge ( point E ) for analysis purposes to ensure that all parameter of the sample must been
satisfaction for all parties%

4.0 NE; PROPOSED BIOGAS PLANT FLO; DIAGRAM

BIOGAS
12
SLUDGE
PIT
SLUDGE
PIT
MIXING
POND 1
MIXING
POND 1
MIXING
POND 2
MIXING
POND 2
CH48 CO28 H2S @ %&(.



4.1 DESCRIPTION OF SAPI BIOGAS PLANT
DIAGRAM:
=n recent years" increasing awareness that anaerobic digesters can help to control disposal and odor
of food processing waste has stimulated renewed interest in the technology" namely anaerobic digestion%
Anaerobic digestion is a biochemical process in which particular 3inds of bacteria digest biomass in an
o?ygen)free en#ironment% Se#eral different types of bacteria wor3 together to brea3 down comple?
organic wastes in stages resulting in the production of biogas ( mostly methane 06@ )%
Symbiotic groups of bacteria perform different functions at different stages of the anaerobic
digestion process% &here four basic types of microorganisms in#ol#ed% 6ydrolytic bacteria brea3 down
comple? organic wastes into sugars and acid amino acids% *ermentati#e bacteria then con#ert those
products into organic acids% &he biological process of acidogenesis is where there is further brea3down of
the remaining components by acidogenic microorganisms to con#ert the acids into hydrogen" carbon
dio?ide and acetate% 6ere" #olatile fatty acids ( G*A ) are created along with ammonia and hydrogen
13
ANAEROBIC
DIGESTER
TAN# A1
( 0122 MT )
ANAEROBIC
DIGESTER
TAN# A1
( 0122 MT )
CLARIFIER
TAN# B
( 1222 MT )
CLARIFIER
TAN# B
( 1222 MT )
ANAEROBIC
DIGESTER
TAN# D
( 0122 MT )
ANAEROBIC
DIGESTER
TAN# D
( 0122 MT )
ANAEROBIC
DIGESTER
TAN# A2
( 0122 MT )
ANAEROBIC
DIGESTER
TAN# A2
( 0122 MT )
AEROBIC POND 1
AEROBIC POND 1
CLARIFIER
TAN# E
( 1222 MT )
CLARIFIER
TAN# E
( 1222 MT )
TAN#
C
( 3
MT )
TAN#
C
( 3
MT )
sulfide ( 6S ) as well as other by)products% *inally" the methanogenic bacteria produce biogas from
acetic" hydrogen and carbon dio?ide% =t is these components that ma3es up ma/ority of the biogas emitted
from the system% Methanogenesis stage is sensiti#e to both high and low p6s and occurs between p6 6%<
and p6 A% A simplified chemical e(uation for the o#erall processes is as follows7
C
3
H
12
O
3
4 0CO
2
5 0CH
%

0ontrolled anaerobic digestion re(uires an airtight chamber called bio)digester% &o promote
bacterial acti#ity" the bio)digester must maintain an optimal temperature of at least ;<
o
H @0
o
0 for
mesophiles bacteria li#ing conditions% &he biogas produced in a bio)digester is actually of gases with
methane and carbon dio?ide ma3ing up more than !0I of the total% Other biogas typically contains
smaller amounts of hydrogen sulfide" nitrogen" hydrogen" methylmercaptans and o?ygen% &he methane is
a combustible gas% &he energy content of digester gas depends on the amount of methane it contains%
Methane contain #aries from <0I to B<I% &ypical digester gas with methane concentration of 6<I
contains about 600 +tu of energy per cubic foot%
T)2!(3' (#$2#7!&!#n #5 9!#.37
JB;K
M3&&%" A
M%&:3n%8 CH4 *0B0*
C3"9#n -!#<!-%8 CO2 2*B*0
N!&"#.%n8 N2 0B10
14
H)-"#.%n8 H2 0B1
H)-"#.%n 74'5!-%8 H2S 0B6
O<).%n8 O2 0B2
&he basic bio)digester design of Sapi +iogas Plant is the multi)stage of complete mi? digester
con#ert organics waste to biogas in a circular steel tan3 abo#e ground% A mechanical or gas mi?er 3eeps
the solids in suspension% &hese types of digester are suitable for large sludge #olume ha#ing solids
concentration of ;I to 80I and optimi$ed to bring ma?imum control o#er bacterial communities li#ing
within bio)digesters% +y using this design" acidogenic bacteria produce organics acids and more (uic3ly
grow and reproduce than methanogenic bacteria% *urthermore" methanogenic bacteria re(uire stable p6
and temperature in order to optimi$e their performance% &ypically hydrolsis" acidogenesis and
acetogenesis processes will occur within the first two anaerobic digester tan3 ( B600 mt )% 1uring the
digestion process" the sludge is continuously mi?ed to 3eep the solids in suspension% +iogases accumulate
at the top of the bio)digester tan3s and stored ne?t to the facility in a gas holder%
&he methane in biogas can be burned to produce electricity with a biogas generator% 'lectricity
produced by anaerobic digesters is considered to be renewable energy% +iogas does not contribute to
increasing atmospheric carbon dio?ide concentrations because the biogas is not released directly into the
atmosphere and carbon dio?ide comes from an organic source with carbon cycle% +iogas by)product li3e
hydrogen sulfide (6S) must be remo#ed as much as possible which causes se#ere problem with the gas
processing e(uipment% &he treated biogas will used as a fuel for biogas generator to produce electricity or
as boiler fuel to produce steam%
&he final output from anaerobic digestion ( biogas plant ) systems is wastewater% &his wastewater
originates both from the moisture content of the original sludge that was treated but also includes water
produced during the microbial reactions in the digestion systems% &his wastewater e?iting the clarifier tan3
< will typically ha#e ele#ated le#els of biochemical o?ygen demand ( +O1 ) chemical o?ygen demand
( 0O1 )" these are measures of the reacti#ity of the effluent and show an ability to pollute% As such further
treatment of the wastewater is re(uired and typically be an o?idation stage where air ( aeration process ) is
passed through the wastewater in a se(uencing ponds namely aerobic ponds" facultati#e ponds and
polishing pond% *refer to Appendix A-8.4 for more details
15

*.0 METHODICAL TABULATION
*.1 COMPUTATION OF BIOCHEMICAL O>=GEN DEMAND C BOD D FOR EFFLUENT
TREATMENT PLANT AND NE; PROPOSED BIOGAS PLANT:
( = ) +ased on assumption of POM'"
Mill ,ated 0apacity F 60 mt **+/ hr
Ma?% Operation 0apacity F 60 mt **+/ hr
Ma?% Operation 6rs/ day F @ hrs
Ma?% **+ Processed/ day F 8@@0 mt **+/ day
Ma?% +O1 =nffluent POM' F <"000 mg/ltr
,e(uirement of *inal 1ischarge +O1 F 800 mg/ ltr
Most of the effluent be produced came from 7)
a) 0larification L Steriliser Station F <8 mt/ hr
b) 6ydrocyclone and washing F ! mt/ hr
60 mt/ hr
16
&herefore" ma?imum #olume of POM' produced within @ hours per day"
the effluent will be generated F 8@@0 mt per day
( 8mt **+ processed F 8mt POM' produced )
( == ) 'stimated 0omposition of ,aw POM'
a) p6 7 @%0 ) <%0
b) +O1<" mg/ 8tr 7 <"000 ) ;0"000
c) 0O1" mg/ 8tr 7 <"000 ) 6@"000
d) &S" mg/ 8tr 7 ;<"000 ) @<"000
e) SS" mg/ 8tr 7 0"000 ) A"000
f) &otal P " mg/ 8tr 7 !0
g) &otal 2" mg/ 8tr 7 <00
h) &emperature"
o
0 7 B0 ) A0
o
0
( === ) '?pected 0omposition of &reatment effluent
a) p6 7 B%0 ) !%0
b) +O1;" mg/ 8tr 7 D<0
c) 0O1" mg/ 8tr 7 D<00
d) &S" mg/ 8tr 7 D;00
e) SS" mg/ 8tr 7 D800
f) &otal P " mg/ 8tr 7 D<0
g) &otal 2" mg/ 8tr 7 D<0
h) &emperature"
o
0 7 D;<

( =G ) *ormula of Model of Anaerobic / *acultati#e Ponds
>e F >o ? 8
8 M NN8
-here >e F '?it +O1 mg / 8tr
>o F =nlet +O1 mg / 8tr
N F 0ell ,esidence time" day
N8 F +O1 remo#al rate" mg/ 8tr/ day
F 0%@ mg/ 8tr ( as per MPO+ )
*.2 CALCULATION OF BOD FOR NE; PROPOSED BIOGAS TAN?S :
According to drawing no7 0!<0/ 1O'/8 J ,'NAA2 O.,.&',A P',.21=24 S12%+61% K
( +iogas Plant >ayout Plan ) *refer to Appendix A-8.3
&here are S=E ( 6 ) new proposed +iogas &an3s will act as an anaerobic ponds in Sapi Palm Oil Mill"
Anaerobic &an3 A8F ;A00 mt
Anaerobic &an3 AF ;A00 mt
0larifier &an3 + F 8000 mt
Sludge Settlement &an3 0F 6 mt ( not significant )
Anaerobic &an3 1 F ;A00 mt
0larifier &an3 'F 8000 mt
17
&otal #olume of new proposed +iogas &an3s F J ;A00 M ;A00 M 8000 M ;A00 M 8000 K
F 168400 m
;
'ffecti#e Golume of +iogas li(uor will operate le#el at A0I of tan3 capacity%
6ence" total effecti#e #olume F 8;"@00 ? A0I
F 108020 m
;
Surface area of Mi?ing Pond 8 and F ( @8 ? 86 ) M ( ;@ ? 86 )
F 1200 m

+ased on per#ious year ( 00A ) rainfall chart record in Sapi area"

*refer to Appendix A-8.1
&otal rainfall for year 00A F 6!00 mm/ year
&he ma?imum rainfall per day F /1.* mm/ day
&herefore" total #olume of rain water will collected in Mi?ing Ponds alone
F 800 ? 68%< ? 8/ 8000
F 04 m
;
/ day
6ydraulic ,etention &ime ( 6,& ) for +iogas &an3s ( anaerobic )" t8
F 80"B0/ ( 8"@@0 M B@ )
F 0.08 days
+O1 anticipated e? H +iogas &an3s" >e8 F ;0"000/ 8 M ( 0%@ ? B%0A )
F 08829 mg/ 8tr
*.6 CALCULATION OF BOD FOR AEROBIC PONDS C P%"!#47 An3%"#9!( P#n-7 D:
&here are two ( ) aerobic ponds in Sapi Palm Oil Mill and their appro?imate si$e for
Aerobic Pond 8 F !m ? B<m ? @m
Aerobic Pond F AB%6m ? B<m ? @m
'ffecti#e Golume of aerobic li(uor at operating le#el of ;%0m
Aerobic Pond 8 F !m ? B<m ? ;%0m
F 208000 m
;
Aerobic Pond F AB%6m ? B<m ? ;%0m
F 198010 m
;
18
&otal #olume of Aerobic Ponds F 0"B00 M 8!"B80
F 408410 m
;
Surface area of Aerobic Pond 8 and F ( ! ? B< ) M ( AB%6 ? B< )
F 1/8100 m

+ased on per#ious year ( yr 00A ) rainfall in Sapi area"

the ma?imum rainfall per day F 68%< mm
&herefore" total #olume of rain water will collected in Aerobic Ponds alone
F 86"8B0 ? 68%< ? 8/ 8000
F 18028 m
;
/ day
6ydraulic ,etention &ime ( 6,& ) for Aerobic Ponds" t F @0"@80/ ( 8"@@0 M 8"0A )
F 1/./4 days
+O1 anticipated e? H Aerobic pond" >e F B"A!/ 8 M ( 0%@ ? 86%6@ )
F 18026 mg/ 8tr
*.4 CALCULATION OF BOD FOR FACULTATIVE PONDS:
&here are two ( ) facultati#e ponds and their appro?imate si$e for
*acultati#e Pond 8 F 86<m ? <B%Am ? <%<m
*acultati#e Pond F 8!m ? @0%;m ? @m
'ffecti#e Golume of facultati#e ponds at operating le#el of
<%0m for *acultati#e Pond 8 F 86<m ? <B%Am ? <%0m
F 408/8* m
;
;%<m for *acultati#e Pond F 8!m ? @0%;m ? ;%<m
F 18819* m
;
&otal #olume of *acultati#e Ponds F @B"6A< M 8A"8!<
F /*8880 m
;
Surface area of *acultati#e Pond 8 and F ( 86< ? <B%A ) M ( 8! ? @0%; )
F 148/8/ m

+ased on per#ious year ( yr 00A ) rainfall in Sapi area"

the ma?imum rainfall per day F 68%< mm/ day
&herefore" total #olume of rain water will collected in *acultati#e Ponds alone
F 8@"6A6 ? 68%< ? 8/ 8000
19
F 906 m
;
/ day
6ydraulic ,etention &ime ( 6,& ) for *acultati#e Ponds" t; F 6<"AA0/ ( 8"@@0 M !0; )
F 28.12 days
+O1 anticipated e? H *acultati#e pond" >e; F 8"0</ 8 M ( 0%@ ? A%8 )
F 84 mg/ 8tr
*.* CALCULATION OF BOD FOR POLISHING POND:
&here are only one ( 8 ) polishing pond and appro?imate si$e for
Polishing Pond F 8A!m ? 66%<m ? @m
'ffecti#e Golume of polishing ponds at operating le#el of ;%<m
Polishing Pond 8 F 8A!m ? 66%<m ? ;%<m
F 468990 m
;

&otal #olume of Polishing Pond F 468990 m
;
Surface area of Polishing Pond 8 F 8A! ? 66%<
F 128*/9 m

+ased on per#ious year ( yr 00A ) rainfall in Sapi area"

the ma?imum rainfall per day F 68%< mm/ day
&herefore" total #olume of rain water will collected in Polishing Pond alone
F 8"<6! ? 68%< ? 8/ 8000
F 006 m
;
/ day
6ydraulic ,etention &ime ( 6,& ) for Polishing Ponds" t@ F @;"!!0/ ( 8"@@0 M BB; )
F 19.88 days
+O1 anticipated e? H Polishing pond" >e@ F A;/ 8 M ( 0%@ ? 8!%AA )
F 9 mg/ 8tr
H%n(%8 &:% 5!n3' -!7(:3".% %55'4%n& 5"#$ 2#'!7:!n. 2#n- E 9 $.F '&"
3n- &#&3' $!n!$4$ #5 H)-"34'!( R%&%n&!#n T!$% C HRT D E 01.02 -3)7
20
/.0 CONCLUSION
&heoretically" the biochemical o?ygen demand ( +O1 ) shall be ! ppm and well below minimum
re(uirement of 1epartment of 'n#ironment ( 1O' ) based on the tabulation% 0ompared year 00A and
year 00! ( Oan H Oct% ) the a#erage of +O1 is B ppm and <0 ppm% +y constructing new +iogas Plant
with holding capacity ( 8;"@00 mt ) in wastewater treatment plant" not only significant reduction of
presently +O1 but also can help to reduce the emission of greenhouse gasses ( 464s ) in number of 3ey
ways7
R%2'3(%$%n& #5 5#77!' 54%'7
R%-4(&!#n #5 $%&:3n% %$!77!#n
R%-4(&!#n #-#"
R%-4(&!#n #5 %:!('% $#%$%n&7
A part of that" when biogas is produced especially in warm and tropical countries li3e Malaysia
where ambient temperature are ideal for year H round optimum biogas production"P more that what is
needed Q or e?cess biogas is usually produced% =t is pro#ides an in)e?pensi#e" abundant and eco)friendly
>P4)li3e fuel% *urthermore" it also (ualifies as a 0lean 1e#elopment Mechanism ( 01M ) pro/ect of the
.nited 2ations *ramewor3 0on#ention on 0limate 0hange ( .2*000 ) where carbon credits 3nown as
0ertified 'mission ,eduction ( 0', ) can be earned to defray pro/ect costs and become financial rewards
for helping to protect against climate change and global warming% &his will definitely to promote Malaysia
palm oil industry as Q 4reen P and sustainable industry%

21
0.0 GLOSSAR= OF TERMS
DOE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
MPOB MALA=SIA PALM OIL BOARD
UNFCCC UNITED NATION FRAME;OR? CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
CER CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION
FFB FRESH FRUIT BUNCH
CDM CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
GHG GREEN HOUSE GASES
BOD BIOCHEMICAL O>=GEN DEMAND
HRT H=DRAULIC RETENTION TIME
COD CHEMICAL O>=GEN DEMAND
VFA VOLATILE FATT= ACID
POME PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT
BTU BRITISH THERMAL UNIT
PPM PART PER MILLION
CH4 METHANE GAS
CO2 CARBON DIO>IDE
H2S H=DROGEN SULFIDE
H2O ;ATER
TS TOTAL SOLID
SS SUSPENDED SOLID
N NITROGEN
P PHOSPHORUS
22
APPENDI> AB8.1
RAINFALL CHART
23
APPENDI> AB8.2
RESULT OF BOD FOR 2008 AND 2009
24
APPENDI> AB8.6
BIOGAS PLANT LA=OUT PLAN
25
APPENDI> AB8.4
ARRANGEMENT OF BIOGAS PLANT S=STEM
26