PETROLEUM AND

GAS


FRACTIONS OF PETROLEUM



Gasoline:
- Mixture of hydrocarbons having
variable boiling points.
- Used as fuel for light vehicles like
scooters, cars etc.
Naphtha:
- Insoluble in water.
- Uses; to make shoe polish, cracked
to make more petrol and alkenes.
Kerosene:
- Have variable boiling points.
- Uses; as household fuels in wick
and illuminant in lanterns, as
pesticides.

Diesel oil:
- Contains 8 to 21 carbons atom per
molecule.
- Uses; reduce friction between
moving surfaces, prevent rust.
Fuel oil:
- Mixture of hydrocarbons with
varying boiling points.
- Uses; to run heavy vehicles, to run
generators for providing electricity.
Bitumen:.
- Sticky, black and highly viscous
liquid.
- Uses; for roads and roofs.

CHARACTERISTICS AND USES OF
THE VARIOUS FRACTIONS OF
PETROLEUM
WHAT IS PETROLEUM?

Petroleum is a liquid mixture of
hydrocarbons which is present in
a suitable rock strata.

It can be extracted and refined to
produce fuels, including petrol,
paraffin and diesel.

- The national oil company, PETRONAS
provides about 40% of the federal budget
in taxes, dividends and royalties.
- PETRONAS also provides subsidies
representing potential revenue foregone
associated with the supply of gas to the
domestic power and non-power sectors at
below-market prices.
- Since PETRONAS incorporation in 1974
until the end of 2011, it had contributed
RM653 billion to the federal and various
state governments.
- Natural gas is a major source
of electricity generation
through the use of
cogeneration, gas turbines and
steam turbines.
- The natural gas vehicles are
currently responsible for 23%
of energy-related CO2
emissions.
- Oil and gas contributes
RM111 billion to Malaysias
Gross Domestic Product.
- Avoid unnecessary idling.
- Measure tire pressure monthly.
- Avoid carrying unnecessary
weight
- Remove roof or bicycle racks
when not in use.
- Use air conditioning sparingly.
- Use a fuel-consumption display.
- Use vehicles with more efficient
mileage and exhaust
characteristics or a substitution of
fuel or raw material.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF PETROLEUM:
EFFICIENT WAYS OF USING
PETROLEUM AND OTHER NATURAL
FUEL RESOURCES:
CONTRIBUTIONS OF NATURAL GAS:
Petroleum has contributes a lot to the
development of the national economy
PETRONAS, short for Petroliam
Nasional Berhad, is a Malaysian oil and
gas company that was founded on
August 17, 1974.