Bonfring International J ournal of Data Mining, Vol. 4, No.

3, August 2014 16
Hankel Determinant for a Subclass of Alpha
Convex Functions
Gagandeep Singhand Gurcharanjit Singh

Abstract--- In the present investigation, the upper bound of
second Hankel determinant
2
3 4 2
a a a

for functions
belonging to the subclass of analytic functions is
studied. Results presented in this paper would extend the
corresponding results of various authors.
( ) B A M , ;
Keywords--- Analytic Functions, Starlike Functions,
Convex Functions, Alpha Convex Functions, Subordination,
Schwarz Function, Second Hankel Determinant

I. INTRODUCTION
LET A be the class of analytic functions of the form
( )

=
+ =
2 k
k
k
z a z z f (1.1)
In the unit disc
{ }
: 1 E z z = < .

By S we denote the class of functions ( ) A z f

and
univalent in E.
Let U be the class of Schwarzian functions
( )

k

=
=
1 k
k
z d z w
Which are analytic in the unit disc
{ }
: 1 E z z = <
0 ) 0 ( = w
and
satisfying the conditions and
( ) . 1 < z w

Let f and g be two analytic functions in E. Then f is said
to be subordinate to g (symbolically if there exists
a Schwarz function w , such that
) g f p
( ) U z ( ) ( ) ( ). z w g z f =

In 1976, Noonan and Thomas [9] stated the qth Hankel
determinant of

for and as ( ) z 1 q f 1 n
( ) .
...
...
1 1
+
+
n
q n n
a a a
H
... ...
... ... ... ...
2 2 1 + + q n q n
q
a a

... ...
1
+ n
=
a
n

Gagandeep Singh, Department of Mathematics, M.S.K. Girls College,

Bharowal(Tarn-Taran), Punjab, India. E-mail: kamboj.gagandeep@yahoo.in
Gurcharanjit Singh, Department of Mathematics, Guru Nanak Dev
University College, Chungh(Tarn-Taran), Punjab, India. E-mail:
dhillongs82@yahoo.com
The Hankel determinant plays an important role in the
study of singularities; for instance, see[2]. This is also
important in the study of power series with integral
coefficients, see [2] and Cantor[1]. Hankel determinants are
useful in showing that a function of bounded characterstic in
the unit disc i.e. a function which is a ratio of two bounded
analytic functions with its Laurent series around the origin
having integral coefficients, is rational. It is well known that
the Fekete-Szeg functional
( ). 1
2
2
2 3
H a a =

This functional is further generalized as
2
2 3
a a for
(real as well as complex). It is a very great combination of
the two coefficients which describes the area problems posted
earlier by Gron wall in 1914-15. Moreover, we also know that
the functional
2
3 4 2
a a a is equivalent to ( ). 2
2
H The
functional
2
3 4 2
a a a

has been studied by many authors see
([4-6],[10],[14-16]). J anteng et al. [4] have considered the
functional
2
3 4 2
a a a and found a sharp bound for the
function in the subclass R of S, consisting of functions
whose derivative has a positive real part studied by Mac-
Gregor[9]. In their work, they have shown that if
f
R f ,
then .
9
4
2
3 4

2
a a a The same authors [5] also obtained
the second Hankel determinant and sharp upper bounds for the
familier subclasses namely, starlike and convex functions
denoted by and

S K

of and have shown that S
1
2
3 4 2
a a a and
8
1

2
3
a a
4 2
a respectively.
Motivated by the above mentioned results obtained by
different authors in this direction, in this paper, we introduce
certain subclass of analytic functions and obtain an upper
bound to the functional
2
3 4 2
a a a for the function f
belonging to this class, defined as follows:

( ) B A M , ; denote the subclass of functions
( ) A z f and satisfying the condition
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Bonfring International J ournal of Data Mining, Vol. 4, No. 3, August 2014 17
( ) ... 1
2
2 1
+ + + = z p z p z p
. E z
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
. , 1 0 , 1 1 ,
1
1
1 E z A B
Bz
Az
z f
z f z
z f
z f z
<
+
+

p (1.2)

for
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The class ( B A M , ; )

is the subclass of alpha-convex
functions. The following observations are obvious:
p
P
, then ( ) ,... 3 , 2 , 1 2 = k p
k
.

Lemma 2.1: [13] If
p
P
, then Lemma 2.2: [7,8] If
( ) ( ) M M 1 , 1 ; , the class introduced by
Mocanu[11].
( ) , 4 2
2
1
2
1 2
x p p p + =

, the class of starlike functions. ( )

S M 1 , 1 ; 0
( ) , the class of convex functions. K M 1 , 1 ; 1
, the subclass of starlike
functions studied by Goel and Mehrok [3].
( ) ( B A S B A M , , ; 0

)
)
( ) ( ) 0 Re > z p
, the subclass of convex
functions studied by Goel and Mehrok [3].
( ) ( B A K B A M , , ; 1
Results due to J anteng et al.[5] and Singh and Singh [16]
follows as special cases from the results of this paper.
II. PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Let P be the family of all functions p analytic in E for
which and
( ) ( ) ( )( ) , 1 4 2 4 4 2 4
2
2
1
2 2
1 1
2
1 1
3
1 3
z x p x p p x p p p p + + =
For some x and z Satisfying 1 , 1 z x and [ ] 2 , 0
1
p
.
III. MAIN RESULT
( ) B A M f , ; , then Theorem 3.1: If
(3.1)
Where
( )
( )( )( ) ( )
( )( ) ( ) ( )( )( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )
( ) ( ) { }
)
( )( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) { }
( ) { }
2
7 4 1
3
1
5 2 3 1 3
2
1 2
3
1 6
8 2 1
2
1 5 1 6
1 5 1 12
2
1
2
3 1 6
3
3 1 6
2
1
2
3 1 6 3 1
4
1 3
3
3 1 3
7 1
2
2 1 4
2
2 1
3
1 4
2 1 3 1 5 1 6 2 1
2
1 5 1 6
3 1 3 2 1 4 2 1 3 1 5 1 6

+ + + +
+ + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + +
+ + + + +
+
+ + + + +
+ + + + +
+ + + + + + +
+
+ + + + +
=

B A
B
A
P

( )
( )
( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) {
2
8 27 7 2 1
2
7 1
2
2 1
2 3
7 1
2
+
2

2 1 3 + +

AB
(3.2)

And

}
( ) [ ].
2
4 1
3
1 8
2
8 27 7 2 1
2
5 2 3 1 3
2
1 2
3
1 6
4

+ + +
+ + + + + + + +
+
=
B
A
( ) ( ) B A M z f , ;
Q
(3.3)

Proof: If
U z w ) (
( )
( )
( )
, then there exists a Schwarz
function such that
( ) ( )
( ) z f
z f z
z f
z f z

1
( ) ( ) z w =
( )

(3.4)
Where
( ) ( ) ( ) ...
3 2 2
+ + + z B A B z B A B z B A 1
1
1
=
+
+
=
Bz
Az
z
...
3
3 1
+
) (z p
(
3.5)
1
2
2
+ + + = z B z B z B
Define the function by
1
( )


( )
( )
...
1
3 2
+ + = 1
1
+ +

+
3 2 1 1
= z c
z w
z

(3.6)
z c z c p
z w
) (z w Since is a Schwarz function, we see that
( ) ( ) 0 Re
1
> z p . 1 ) 0 (
1
= p and Define the function
by
) (z h
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
=

z f z z f z
3 2
.. 1
3 2 1
+ + + + z b z b z b (3.7) + =
z f z f
z h 1
In view of the equations (3.4), (3.6) and (3.7), we have
Bonfring International J ournal of Data Mining, Vol. 4, No. 3, August 2014 18
( )
( )
( )

+ + + +
+ + +
=

=
... 2
...
1
1
3
3
2
2 1
3
3
2
2 1
1
1
z c z c z c
z c z c z c
z p
z p
z h

+ +

+ = ...
4 2
1
2 2
1
2
1
3
3
1
2 1 3
2
2
1
2 1
z
c
c c c z
c
c z c
...
3
8
3
1 3
2
2
1
2
2
1 2
4
3
1
2 1 3
2
1
2
4
2
1 2
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
1 1
1
+ + + + +
+ + + =

z
c B c
c
c B c
c c c
B
z
c B c
c
B
z
c B

Thus,
4 2 2
;
2
2
1 2
2
1
2
1
2
1 1
1
c B c
c
B
b
c B
b +

= =

And
(3.8)
.
8 2 2 4 2
3
1 3
2
1
2
1 2
3
1
2 1 3
1
3
c B c
c
c B c
c c c
B
b +

+ =
( )
( )
Using (3.5) and (3.7) in (3.8), we obtain
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) { } [ ]
( )
( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 1
2
8 27 7 2
5 1 6
2
1
3
2 1
3
1 8
2
1
1 1 3 1 3 1
2
2
1 2
2 1
2
1 8
3
,
1 2
1
2

+ + + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
+
+ +
+ +
+
+ + + +
+ + +

=
+ + + + +
+ +
+ +

=
+

=
c
B
A
AB
B A
c c B
A
c
B A
a
c B A
c
B A
a
c B A
a

( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )( ) ( )( ) [ ]
( )( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
.
3
1
2 1
3
1 2
2
8 27 7
2
1
2
1 5 1 3
7 1 2 1 4
2
8 3 5 1 3
2
2
17 6 1
2
4 11 3
2
1 3
2 2
17 6 1
2 1 1 8
3 1 2 1
3
1 48
4
,
2 2

(3.9)
(3.9) yields,
( ) ( ) ( ) { }
2
2
4
4
1 2
2
2
1 3
4
1
2
2
3 4 2
c R Nc c Mc c Lc
C
B A
a a a + +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), 3 1 2 1 1 192
2 4
+ + + = C
(3.10)
( ) ( ) , 2 1 1 4
2 3
+ + = L
Where

( ) ( )
( )( )
( )( )
( ) [ ],
2
7 4 1
3
1 2
2
8 27 7 2 1 4
2
5 2 3 1 12
2
1
3
1 6




+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + + =

B A M
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( )( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )( ) ( )( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )( )
( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) [ ]
2
7 4 1
3
1
3 1
2
1 3
2
3 1 3
5 1 2 1 3 1
2
2 1 4
2
1 2
3
1 6
7 1
2
2 1 8 2 1
2
1 5 1 6
2 1 3 1 5 1 12
2
1
2
3 1 6
3
3 1 6
2
2
1
2
3 1 6 3 1
4
1 3
3
3 1 3
2
2 1 7 1 4
2
2 1
3
1 4
5 1 3 1 2 1 6
2
1 5 1 2 1 6
2
]
3
3 1 3 7 1
2
2 1 4 5 1 3 1 2 1 6 [










+ + + +
+ + +
+ + + + +
+ + +
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + + +
+
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + + +
+
+ + + + + + =

B A
AB
B
A N
And


( )( ) . 1 3 1 3
4
+ + = R

Using Lemma 2.1 and Lemma 2.2 in (3.10), we get
( )
( )
( )( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )
( )( )( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )( )
( )( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( ) { }
( )( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
( )
( ) ( ) ( )( )
.
2
1
2
1
4
1
3
1
2
2 1 8
2
1
4
2
2
1
3 1
4
1 3
2
2 1
3
1 4
3 1
4
1 12
2
1
4
2
1
2 1
2
1 5 1 6
2
2 1
3
1 8
3 1
4
1 6
2
3 1 5 1 6
2
3 1 2 1 5 1
2
1 6
4
1
7 1
2
2 1 8
2 1
2
1 5 1 6
2 1 3 1 5 1 12
2
1
2
3 1 6
3
3 1 6
2
2
1
2
3 1 6 3 1
4
1 3
3
3 1 3 7 1
2
2 1 4
2
2 1
3
1 4
2 1 3 1 5 1 6
2 1
2
1 5 1 6
2
2
3 4 2
z x c c
c x
c
c x c
B
A
c
AB
B
C
B A
a a a
+ + +

+ + + + +
+ +

+ + +
+ +
+ + +
+ +
+
+ + + +
+
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + + +
+
+ + + +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + + +
+ + +
+

2
3
3 1 3 7 1
2
2 1 4
2 1 3 1 5 1 6
A
+ + +
+ + +

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Bonfring International J ournal of Data Mining, Vol. 4, No. 3, August 2014 20
Assume that and , using triangular inequality and c c =
1
[ 2 , 0 c ] 1 z , we have
( )
( )
( )( )( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )( ) ( )
( )( )( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )( )
( )( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( ) { }
( )( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )( )
.
2
1
2
4
3
1
2
2 1 8
2
4
2 2
3 1
4
1 3
2
2 1
3
1 4
3 1
4
1 12
2
4
2
2 1
2
1 5 1 6
2
2 1
3
1 8
3 1
4
1 6
2
3 1 5 1 6
2
3 1 2 1 5 1
2
1 6
4
7 1
2
2 1 8
2 1
2
1 5 1 6
2 1 3 1 5 1 12
2
1
2
3 1 6
3
3 1 6
2
2
1
2
3 1 6 3 1
4
1 3
3
3 1 3 7 1
2
2 1 4
2
2 1
3
1 4
2 1 3 1 5 1 6
2 1
2
1 5 1 6
2
3
3 1 3
7 1
2
2 1 4 2 1 3 1 5 1 6
2
2
3 4 2

+ + +

+ +
+ +
+ + + +

+ + +
+ +
+ + + + +
+
+ + + +
+
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + + +
+
+ + + +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + + +
+ + +
+
+
+ + + + +

c c
c c
c c
B
A
c
AB
B
A
C
B A
a a a
( )
( )
( ),

F
C
=
2
B A
where 1 = x and
( )
( )( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )
( )( )( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )( )
( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )( ) ( ) { }
( )( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )( )
2
1
2
4
3
1
2
2 1 8
2
4
2 2
3 1
4
1 3
2
2 1
3
1 4
3 1
4
1 12
2
4
2
2 1
2
1 5 1 6
2
2 1
3
1 8
3 1
4
1 6
2
3 1 5 1 6
2
3 1 2 1 5 1
2
1 6
4
7 1
2
2 1 8 2 1
2
1 5 1 6
2 1 3 1 5 1 12
2
1
2
3 1 6
3
3 1 6
2
2
1
2
3 1 6 3 1
4
1 3
3
3 1 3 7 1
2
2 1 4
2
2 1
3
1 4 2 1 3 1 5 1 6
2 1
2
1 5 1 6
2
3
3 1 3 7 1
2
2 1 4
2 1 3 1 5 1 6

+ + +

+ +
+ +
+ + + +

+ + +
+ +
+ + + + +
+
+ + + +
+
+ + + + + +
+ + +
+ + + +
+
+ + + +
+ + +
+ + + + + + +
+ + +
+
+ + +
+ + +
=

c c
c c
c c
B
A
c
AB
B
A
F

Is an increasing function. Therefore ( ) ( ). 1 . F F Max =

Consequently
( )
( )
( ),
2
2
3 4 2
c G
C
B A
a a a

(3.11)
Where

( ) ( ). 1 F c G =

So
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ), 3 1 1 48
4 2 4
+ + + + = c Q c P c G


( ) Where P and ( ) Q are defined in (3.2) and (3.3)
respectively.

Now
( ) ( ) ( )c Q c P 2
3
+ c 4 = G

And
( ) ( ) ( ). 2
2
Q c P c +
12 = G
( ) 0 c G = gives
{ ( ) ( )} . 0 2 4 = + Q c
2
c P

( ) c G is negative at
( )
( )

. c =

2P
Q
c =

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Bonfring International J ournal of Data Mining, Vol. 4, No. 3, August 2014 21
So
( ) ( ). . c G c G Max =

Hence from (3.11), we obtain (3.1).
The result is sharp for ,

and c c
1
= 2
2
1 2
=c c
( ). 3
2
1 1 3
= c c c

For and , Theorem 3.1 gives the
following:
1 = A 1 = B
( ) ( ) Corollary 3.1.1: If M z f , then

( )
( )
( ) ( )
,
3 1
1 12
1
2 1
4
2
2
3 4 2

+
+

+



A
a a a
( ) ( )( )
1
2

Where
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ). 7 1
2
2 1 16
2
7 4 1
3
1 4 + + + + + +
0 =
2
2 7 3
2
3 1 12
2
5 2 5 1 2 1 24 + + + + + + + + = A

For , Theorem 3.1 gives the following result due to
Singh and Singh [16].
Corollary 3.1.2: If , then ( ) ( ) B A S z f ,

( )
.
4
2
B
1 =
2
3 4 2
A
a a a



For , Theorem 3.1 gives the following result due to
Singh and Singh [16].
Corollary 3.1.3: If , then ( ) B A K f ,
( )
.
2 5
2
2
36 5 12
2
5
576
2
3 4 2

+ +

B A AB B A
B A B A AB
B A
a a a
2
2
2
2
16
2

+ + B A

Putting 1 , 0 = = A and in Theorem 3.1, we
obtain the following result due to J anteng et al. [5].
1 = B
( )

S z f Corollary 3.1.4: If , then
. 1
2
a

3 4 2
a a
, 1 = Putting 1 = A and in Theorem 3.1, we
obtain the following result due to J anteng et al. [5].
1 = B
f Corollary 3.1.5: If , then ( ) K z
.
8
1
2
3
a

4 2
a a
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Appear.
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