Chimney Draft Calculations For a Wood Burning Device

38288
Copyright (c) Nigel Pemberton-Pigott, 2003
NOTES:
'AIR' means the normal air around you.
'GAS' means the gases that are considered in the flame.
'Gases' means all the gases including the 'GAS' and excess 'AIR'.
Assume that no CO is being produced and combustion is complete.
For air paths through a line of holes the centreline is gas/air boundary
The calculation is not hydrogen-heat compensated.
Formula for burning wood:
CH1.4O0.6 + 1.05(O2 + 3.76N2) => CO2 + 0.7H2O + 3.95N2
CHIMNEY DRAFT CALCULATOR
AIR FACTOR (actual air flow/ideal air flow). Excess
air of 50% means 150% of ideal air flow. Enter 1.50 150.00%
Diameter of chimney (inside) 98.000 mm
Time to burn fuel 3600 seconds
Mass of fuel burned in time above 1000 gm
Temp inside chimney 325 C
% carbon in the wood 51 %
% water contained in wood 12 %
Height of chimney 8.000 Metres
Heat content of wood/biomass 19.3 MJ/Kg
Mass of actual fuel 880.000 g
Rate of fuel burn /min 14.667 gm/min
Heat produced 4717.778 Watts
Moles of actual fuel 38.261 moles
Mass of carbon 459.130 g
Moles of CO2 created during burning 38.261 moles
Mass of CO2 produced during burning 1683.478 g
Volume of CO2 produced during burning 0.857 m^3
Mass of O2 need to burn carbon 1285.565 g
Moles of O2 needed to burn carbon 40.174 moles
Volume of O2 needed to burn carbon 0.900 m^3
Volume of air needed to supply the O2 at 273K 4.326 m^3
Mass of H2O vapor created in burning 482.087 g
Moles of H2O vapor created in burning 26.783 moles
Volume of H2O vapor created during burning 0.600 m^3
Moles of N2 entering/exiting the flame 150.652 moles
Mass of N2 entering/exiting the flame 4218.261 g
Volumes of N2 exiting the flame (273) 3.375 m^3
Volume of CO2 already in the incoming air 0.001 m^3
Mass of H2O in the wood 120.000 g
Moles of H2O from wood 6.667 moles
Volume of H2O vapor from wood itself 0.149 m^3
Volume of GAS exiting the flame (273) 4.982 m^3
Volume of gases exiting the flame (273) air factor 7.146 m^3
Volume of excess air in air factor 2.163 m^3
Volume of GAS in chimney (no air from air factor) 10.914 m^3
Volume of Gases in chimney with extra air factor 15.652 m^3
Real air volume from outside with air factor 6.490 m^3
Air flow per second 0.004 m^3/sec
Cross-sectional area of chimney 0.008 m^2
Velocity of flue gases 0.576 m/sec Velocity should not be more than 3m/sec
GAS after burning
Density (g/m^3) Proportion after flame
CO2 1964.286 0.172
H2O 803.571 0.150
N2 1250.000 0.677
Total density of GAS at (STP) 1305.932 1.000
Total density of GAS at flue temp 596.186 g/m^3
Gases after burning
Density of excess AIR at flue temp 0.593 kg/m^3
Density of GAS at flue temp 0.596 kg/m^3
Average density of all gases in flue 0.498 kg/m^3
Draft of chimney 62.963 Pascals
CONSTANTS
AIR % Idea Gas Properties Compound
O2 20.8 Molar volume 0.0224 m^3/mol CO2
N2 78 M of AIR 28.51136 g/mol H2O
CO2 0.032 Temp (STP) 273 K N2
Ratio of CO2 to O2 0.001538 Air at STP 1.300 kg/m^3 O2
Ratio of AIR to O2 4.807692 H2
Ratio of AIR to CO2 3125 Gravity 9.810 m/sec^2 CO
Ratio of N2 to O2 3.75 CH1.4O0.6
VESTO STOVE MODELLING
Draft line
Primary
Pre-heat
Sec Air Pre-
heating
Primary
Combustion
Sec
Combustion Heat to Pot
Arrow Number 4 6 7 8 9
Pos/Neg Draft -1 1 1 1 1
Air / Gas air air gas gas gas
Initial Temp (C) 25 200 200 650 875
Final Temp (C) 200 450 650 875 190
Average T (C) 112.5 325 425 762.5 532.5
Density (g/m^3) 920.62 593.48 510.77 344.30 442.61
Height (Metres) 0.200 0.150 0.150 0.170 0.095
Draft (pascals) -0.744 1.040 1.161 1.594 0.799
Path Area (m^2) 0.0068 0.0078 0.0123 0.0123 0.0075
Volume M^3/hr 9.1639 9.1639 9.1639 27.1032 27.1032
Volume M^3/sec Max 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025 0.0075 0.0075
0.3741 0.3249 0.2074 0.6135 0.9981 Max
Total 3.850 Pascals
Fuel Type Wood
Gm/minute burned 12.00
Flow Rates Vesto Pic Hole Dia (mm) Required Air
Piece Arrow # (mm) Area (m2) # Holes Total area (m2) Flow(m3)
Can Body 1 38.000 0.00113 6 0.00680 6.490
Sec Air Tube Large 3 30.000 0.00071 8 0.00565 6.490
Sec Air Tube Small 2 10.000 0.00008 15 0.00118 6.490
Small Grate Holes Multiple 8.000 0.00005 78 0.00392 6.490
Air Controller 4 38.000 0.00113 6 0.00680 6.490
Sec Air Tube 6 160.000 0.00783 1 0.00783 6.490
Grate Bottom 5 125.000 0.01227 1 0.01227 6.490
Note: The Vesto is protected by Patent.
Note: New Dawn Engineering and the Arrow Device (logo) are registered trade marks
Velocity should not be more than 3m/sec
SINGLE POINT DRAFT CALCULATIONS
Specific Gravity Atomic Weight (g/mol)
1.52 44
0.623 18
0.971 28
1.106 32 Flue Gas Density at point
0.069 2
0.967 28 Draft at point for AIR vs AIR(STP)
??? 23 Draft at point for GAS vs AIR(STP)
Draft X-Y for AIR vs AIR
Draft X-Y for GAS vs GAS
Arrow numbers refer to a single gas path Draft, Gas(X) outside AIR(Y) inside
Draft, AIR(X) outside GAS(Y) inside
Draft, GAS(Y) outside AIR(X) inside
Draft, AIR(Y) outside GAS(X) inside
mm/sec
264.917
263.820
Added Above
459.783
264.917
230.099
146.895
SINGLE POINT DRAFT CALCULATIONS
POINT X Point Y
Temp at point 900.000 300.000 degC
Height difference 0.200 0 m
Air Density at point 0.303 0.619 kg/m^3
Flue Gas Density at point 0.304 0.622 kg/m^3
Draft at point for AIR vs AIR(STP) 1.957 Pascals
Draft at point for GAS vs AIR(STP) 1.954 Pascals
Draft X-Y for AIR vs AIR 0.622 Pascals
Draft X-Y for GAS vs GAS 0.624 Pascals
Draft, Gas(X) outside AIR(Y) inside -0.619 Pascals
Draft, AIR(X) outside GAS(Y) inside -0.627 Pascals
Draft, GAS(Y) outside AIR(X) inside 0.627 Pascals
Draft, AIR(Y) outside GAS(X) inside 0.619 Pascals
X is higher than Y
X inside, Y outside or/and
X top, Y bottom