Module - 1

General Concept and Overview of Environment

Management System (ISO 14001)
Purpose
To understand the elements of the
Environment and their Interactions.
Understand the need for an
Environment Management System
(EMS)
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
Production
Patterns
Consumption
Patterns
Natural resources drawn from
the environment
Impact of resource extraction,
use and disposal
Trade
ENVIRONMENT
Drives
Drives
Economic Activity and Environment
Industry and environmental degradation
Resource extraction of raw
materials through mining,
logging, water abstraction,
energy generation.
Resource demand during
distribution, use and disposal
of goods and services.
Resource utilization during
manufacture leading to
emissions, wastewater and
solid waste generation.
Costs of environmental
damage
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT
The environment is seen as a sink for all our solid, liquid and
gaseous wastes.
Population
Increasing consumption levels
Industrial activities
Agricultural activities
Transport etc.
At today's resource consumption rates, this
development is unbalanced and unsustainable
Pressure on Environment
GLOBAL
NATIONAL
Environmental Issues
Global Warming/Climate Change
Acid Rain
Greenhouse Effect
Depletion of Non Renewable Resources
(coal, oil, gas)
Stratospheric ozone layer depletion
Deforestation
Bio-diversity loss
Environmental Issues
(Global)
Ozone Depletion Cycle
The ozone depletion
process begins when
CFCs and other ozone-
depleting substances
(ODS) leak from
equipment
One chlorine atom
can destroy over
100,000 ozone
molecules before finally
being removed from
the stratosphere
Atmospheric Pollution
Water Pollution
Waste Management
Waste Disposal
Noise
Marine Pollution
Soil Erosion
Degradation of Fresh Water
Resources
Environmental Issues
Local/National
Result of
Local Environmental changes
Rise in temperatures
Disappearance of certain species of birds
Rise in allergies and other health problems.
Contamination of lakes, ponds etc.
Environmental Issues
National/Regional Level
Water stress
Water Pollution & Contaminants
Effluent discharges
Groundwater Pollution
Marine life contamination
Destruction of Coral Reefs
Major Contaminants
Suspended Solids
Oil & Grease
Dissolved Solids
Heavy Metals
Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)
Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM)
Which include gases like
Carbon Monoxide;
Carbon di-oxide
Oxides of Sulphur;
Oxides of Nitrogen;
Hydrogen Sulfide;
Ammonia;
Photochemical Oxidants;
Ozone Depleting Substances; and
Toxic gases.
Air Pollution and Contaminants
Solid Waste & Soil Pollution
Municipal & Industrial Wastes
Generation
Toxic & Hazardous wastes
Waste Management
Recycle & Reuse
Landfill & Leachate Management
Incineration
Leachate Migration
Environmental Interaction
Source: Operations, Activities,
Equipments, processes that
generates the pollutant;
(Spillage in storage yard,
stack emission, waste
disposal, wastewater
discharge)
Pathway: The environmental element
through which the pollutant
is propagated (air, water,
soil)
Receptor: The element of the
environment that is
impacted. (humans, surface
& ground water, land, flora
& fauna, natural resources)
Environmental Interactions
AIR
WATER
LAND
FLORA&
FAUNA
HUMANS
Legislative
Compliance
NATURAL
RESOURCES
Eco-efficiency
Facility & Operations
o Identified link between industrialization and
environmental degradation, 19th century
o Dilution is the solution to pollution, 1960s
o End of Pipe treatment for emissions, 1980s-1990s -
Reactive, Command & Control
Approaches to Environmental
Issues
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT APPROACHES
ACTION OF
REGULATORY
AUTHORITIES
INDUSTRY'S
APPROACH
REMARKS
LAWS ENACTMENT
BUT POOR
ENFORCEMENT
IGNORANCE REQUIRES STRICT ENFORCEMENT
STRICT
ENFORCEMENT
DILUTION NEED FOR DEVELOPING LOAD BASED
STANDARDS & ENSURING STRICT
ENFORCEMENT
LOAD BASED
STANDARDS AND
STRICT
ENFORCEMENT
TREATMENT NOT SUSTAINABLE
(DEAD INVESTMENT
& COST PROHIBITIVE)
NEED FOR ECONOMICALLY & ECOLOGICALLY
SUSTAINABLE APPROACH
A balanced viewpoint
We need to find
a viable and
equitable
balance
between
environment
and
development.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPMENT WHICH MEETS THE NEEDS
OF THE PRESENT WITHOUT COMPROMISING
THE ABILITY OF FUTURE GENERATIONS TO
MEET THEIR OWN NEEDS
Bruntland Report on Our Common Future
1987
Current Approach
Achieving a balance between
environmental quality
social equity
economic prosperity
Sustainable Development
TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE
Use of Cleaner Technologies
Elimination/Minimization of emissions
at source
Waste Prevention & Minimization
Integrated Pollution Control (IPC)
Voluntary, Co-op, Pro-active Approach
Environmental Management / EMS
BATNEEC
Sustainable Development
Approach
BEST - at preventing pollution
AVAILABLE - procurable by operator
TECHNOLOGY - equipment, training, operations,
maintenance etc..
NEEC - balance between environmental benefit &
financial cost
Best Available Technology Not
Entailing Excessive Cost
BATNEEC
History of Environment Management
System ISO 14001
1987 : WCED Sustainable Development in
Our Common Future
1991: BCSD approached ISO and IEC to discuss
development of Environmental Standards
1992: UNCED Agenda 21 and Rio Declaration
on Sustainable Development
1996: ISO 14001:1996; ISO 14004: 1996
2004: ISO 14001: 2004; ISO 14004: 2004
ISO 14001 Standard
It is a voluntary
It is an international
It is a non prescriptive
It is currently the only certifiable standard in the 14000
series of standards
OVERVI EW OF I SO 14000 STANDARDS
A SERIES OF 16 STANDARDS DEVELOPED BY TC 207
BASICALLY TWO TYPES :
SPECIFICATION AND GUIDELINE STANDARDS
CONSISTS OF TWO CATEGORIES
ORGANISATION OR PROCESS STANDARDS
PRODUCT ORIENTED STANDARDS
EMS- ISO 14000 SERIES
ISO 14001: EMS SPECIFICATION STANDARD
ISO 14004: EMS GUIDANCE STANDARD
ISO 14010s: ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT
ISO 14020s: ENVIRONMENTAL LABELING
ISO 14030s: ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
ISO 14040s: LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA)
ISO 14050: PRODUCT BASED ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARD
ISO 14060: TERMS & DEFINITIONS
OVERVI EW OF I SO 14000 STANDARDS
ORGANISATION OR PROCESS STANDARDS
EMS - ISO 14001 & 14004
ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING - ISO 14010 SERIES (3)
ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ISO 14030
PRODUCT ORIENTED STANDARDS
LCA - ISO 14040 SERIES (5)
ENVIROMENTAL LABELLING - ISO 14020 SERIES (3)
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AND PRODUCT STANDARDS -
ISO 14050
DEFINITIONS - ISO 14060
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISO 14001 &
ISO 9001
ISO 9001 COUSTOMER WHILE ISO 14001 ENVIRONMENT ORIENTED
ISO 14001 MORE DEMANDING
* SPECIFIC POLICY REQUIREMENTS
* IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASTECTS
* ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVE & TARGETS
* COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS
ISO 14001 SUPPORTS RESOURCE CONSERVATION SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
PROMOTES GREEN PRODUCTIVITY & CLEANER PRODUCTION
PROVIDES TOOL FOR GREENING SUPPLY CHAIN
Benefits of EMS / ISO 14001
Proof of sound environmental performance
Improve public / community relationships
Enhanced image and increased market share
Increased stakeholder and customer confidence
Improved industry practices and lower operating costs
Cost savings in energy / raw materials / waste
management
Effective reduction of corporate environmental liability
exposure
Encourage innovative technology
Status of ISO 14001 Implementation as on 2009
S. No. Country/Region No. of Certified
Companies
% share
1 North America 7,316 3.38
2 Europe 89,237 40
3 Central & South America 3,923 1.8
4 Africa/West Asia 8,813 3.9
5 Australia/New Zealand 1,623 0.7
6 Far East 1,12,237 50.3
World Total 2,23,149 100
Source: International Standards Organization (ISO)
The number of ISO 14001 certified EMS now exceeds 2,67,000
according to the latest figures from ISO
Summary
Environment & Development
Impacts of Development
Environmental Interaction
Environmental Approaches
Development of ISO 14000
Need for EMS: ISO 14001
Benefits of EMS