Chap. III. MASONRY.

of
arch stones. Find the centres c,
/,
(/ in the same manner as if the arcli were to be drawn
;
join ye and produce it to meet the arch
;
also join
g,f
and produce it to meet the arc in i.
Divide the elliptical curve AD15 into as many equal parts as the number of arch stones.
From the centre e draw lines through the points of division in the curve between A and
where ge meets the curve and from the
centre
g
draw lines through all the interme-
diate points between ge and
gf.
and lastly
draw lines from/through all the intermediate
points between i and B, and the parts of the
lines thus drawn on the outside of the curve
will be the joints of the arch stones.
1936. In very large arches it will be de-
sirable to find five centres, as in
Jig.
622., and
these will be obtained by finding two in-
termediate points in each half of the curve
instead of one ; then bisecting each pair of
adjacent points by a perpendicular, we shall
have the centres e, A,
g,
i,
f,
to be used for
drawing the joints in the same manner as in
the preceding figure.
19.37. The above methods are sufficient for ordinary purposes ; but where strict accuracy
is required, the following method is mathematically true. Suppose any joint, as yk, ia
required to be drawn
(Jig. 623.), and that
the point D is the middle of the arch and
the point C the middle of the springing line;
then with the distance CA or CB, from the
point D describe an arc at e and another at
/
to cut AB at e and
J'.
Draw eg and /'//
;
produce e^ to i and
fg
to /i, bisect /igi by the
straight line gk, which will be the joint re-
quired. In the same manner, by drawing
^'^- ^^'
lines from e and /to each point of division,
and bisecting the angle, lines for the other joints
may be drawn.
1938. 2b draw a Gothic arch to any given dimensions
{Jig. 624.). Draw the straight lino
Fig. 624. (CI is made equal to 15C )
AB equal in length to the span of the arch. Bisect AB in C by the perpendicular DI.
and draw AG and BII parallel to DI. Make CD e(]ual to the height of the arcli, and the
angles CDG and CDH each equal to half the vertical angle; make CFe(|ual to the dif-
ference between CD and AG and join FA and FB. Divide AG and AF each intj the
same number of equal jiarts, counting each from the point A. 'i'hrou,i;h the points
1. 2, 3, 4 in AF draw la, lb, Ic, Id, and through the points 1, 2, 3. 4 in AG draw 1 1), 21),
SD, 4D cutting la, 16, Ic, I J at the points a,h,c,d, then through the points AnbcdD draw
acurve; wliicli will be half of the Gothic arch required. (Other methods. /jar. 1943a., t<.se7.)
1939. To draw the joints
of
the arch stones
of
a Gothic arch
(fg.
625.). Having formed
the angles CDG and CDH as before, make A? equal to AG and draw D/ perpendicular
to DG. In 1)/ make D/i equal to Ai and join '/t. Bisect ik by a perpendicular meeting
1)/ in /. Produce // to p.
Divide the curve into as many equal parts as the arch stones
are to be in number. Then i will be the centre of the joints which pass through all the