BEL311 ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES

FIRST DRAFT FOR TERM PAPER

Mohamad Izzat Amar bin Azmi / 2013203184
Muhammad Aliff bin Ahmad Murad / 2013485402


Lecturer: Madam Rafiaah bt Abu



EFFECTS OF TOURISM ON A COUNTRY

Tourism is the travel for recreational, leisure, family or business
purposes, usually of a limited duration. Tourism is commonly associated
with trans-national travel, but may also refer to travelling to another location
within the same country. Nowadays, tourism is a major source of income
for multiple countries because of its global popularity. Although tourism is
trending globally, this activity brings several effects, good and bad, towards
the country. The effects of tourism on a country are environmental, social
and economic effects.
Firstly, the effect of tourism on a country is environmental effects.
One study estimated that a single transatlantic return flight emits almost
half the CO2 emissions produced by all other sources (lighting, heating, car
use, etc.) consumed by an average person yearly. (Hillman, 1996).
Transport emissions and emissions from energy production and use are
linked to acid rain and global warming. Air pollution from tourist
transportation has impacts on the global level, especially from carbon
dioxide emission related to transportation energy use. This can contribute
to severe air pollution. In another case, tourism contributes to
environmental conservation. Tourism increases peoples environmental
awareness which leads towards the preservation of nature.


Secondly, the effect of tourism on a country is social effects.
According to Mathieson and Wall(1982), social consequences are divided
into two parts, tourists and hosts. First, tourists, they are responsible for the
changes in the hosts society by demonstrating their differences in terms of
language and culture. Second, hosts, they deliver the tourism experience to
the tourists and at the same time are exposed to the tourists. The
interaction between these two groups will influence both the hosts and the
tourists but the effects are more apparent on the hosts. The influence
brings about changes in value systems and behavior which threatens the
culture of the hosts. Furthermore, changes often occur in community
structure, family relationships, lifestyles, ceremonies and morality. Tourism
can also generate positive impacts as it can be served as a support for
peace, develop pride in cultural traditions and help avoid urban relocation
by creating local jobs. As often happens when different cultures meet,
social impacts are various, the impacts are perceived as negative impacts
by some groups and positive impacts by others.

Lastly, the effect of tourism on a country is economic effects. Tourism
creates job opportunities. This is because tourists need a place to stay,
food to eat and transportation. All of these requires human resource.
Tourism is a powerful instrument for development because the travel and
tourism industry directly and indirectly employs a large number of people,
generating jobs across a broad spectrum of economic activity (Riley, 2002).
Tourism can also be a cause of inflation. Besides income and trends, the
majority of the models quantify the impact of relative prices, costs of
transport and exchange rates (Ritchie and Crouch, 1992). This is because
the spending power of tourists may exceed that of the locals and lead to
inflation in the price of goods, properties and lands. This can lead towards
the inability of local community to afford properties and local goods.
In conclusion, tourism is a broad factor that affects a country. A
country is affected, positively and negatively, by tourism in terms of
environment, social and economy.










REFERENCES
Hillman, M. (1996, September). Town & Country Planning Magazine.
Journal of Consumer Marketing 4(1), 25-38. Szivas, E. and Riley, M.
(2002).
Mathieson, A., & Wall, G. (1982). Tourism : Economic, physical, and social
impacts. New York: Longman.
Ritchie, J. and Crouch, G. (1993). Competitiveness in International
Tourism. St. Gallen: AIEST.