Nephrolithiasis :

preexisting treatments, phytomedicine and dietary adjustments to mediate litholysis, clearances and
recovery
LightningIce 2014, sept
Introduction
Viewing a radiograph of an enlarge kidney lled with white, round dense calculi would !e a cause of
concern as stones !etween diameters of v " x mm are una!le to transit through the urethra naturally#
$s renal cells would start declining in conditions once calculi formations set in till they !ecome
damaged along with impeding kidney functions, aim would !e in their fast dissipations from the
kidneys and restoration of cellular health# %his article focuses on calculi within the kidney region, it
introduces the current existing conventional treatments along with the natural treatment techni&ues
through dietary adjustments and with her!s# $ novel techni&ue to dissipate accumulated kidney
calculi which is still untested is also !rie'y touched upon#
(revalence
)ighest rates of occurrences have !een found in *audi $ra!ia xx#i+, $merica xiii " xv +, ,anada
xii+, -urope v " viiii+ rather then within the eastern hemisphere i " v+ . $ggarwal, et al, 201/ 0#
1enetic predispositions, dietary and environmental factors might !e an in'uencing factor#
2ccurring in !oth genders !ut more often in males#
*ymptoms
2ften diagnosed !y symptoms of renal colic an excruciating pain from acute ureteral o!structions,
nausea, microscopic hematuria, gross hematuria or presence of !lood in urine, edema, tachycardia
and hypertension#
3hile calculi stuck within the renal regions remain asymptomatic unless an infection arises or when
an o!struction occurs# 4ue to low oxygen distri!utions and a su!ischemic environment, delicate
renal cells are prone to damages . 1am!aro, et al, 2005 0 and resultant accumulations of calcium
whilst renal parenchyma or renal pelvis ha!ouring crystalli6ations with various minerals such as
phosphate and oxalate often appear#
*everity
i
7isk of complete renal failure is low !ut accentuated if patients have preexisting medical conditions
or complications . 1am!aro, et al, 2001 0# ,onditions that might exacer!ate it include dia!etes,
af'icted !y 4ent8s disease, polycystic kidney disease, fre&uent stone formation recurrences,
concurrent urological procedures to remove them, urinary tract infections with struvite stone
o!structions, cystinuria, staghorn calculi, struvite calculi, a6otemia, primary hyperoxaluria,
anatomical anomalies of the urology system, spinal column defects 9 injuries or only one functional
kidney present# :urdens upon the liver will lead to systemic declines over the long run, kidney
ltrations might also !e affected as the conditions worsen# ;n severe cases dialysis and kidney
transplants are availa!le options#
)owever calculi removals are essential as they injure cells declining their condition with time,
especially if prolonged, impairing kidney functions and could lead to future !lockages and
o!structions#
4iagnostic imaging techni&ues
;maging analysis for the exact locational regions, stone composition, si6es, organ and peripheral
conditions can !e made with nuclear renal scanning, plain a!dominal radiograph, plain renal
tomography, retrograde pyelography, urography and computed tomography scans# %hese have
varying depths of introspection, analysis aspects, precision and various regional specicities#
<ephrolithiasis
*ynthesi6ed !y renal tu!ular cells, tu!ular 'uids are produced containing negatively charged
glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans and glycolipids which have high afnity with positively charged
calcium and !ind readily, thus they are often conjugated and normally removed from the renal
system during ltrations, inhi!iting crystal formations# <ephrolithiasis sets in when proper
clearances are inhi!ited and solutes accumulate !inding with each other instead and crystali6ing#
,rystalli6ations occur within the urinary system producing stoney clumps of particulate matter#
%hese particles are composed of solutes such as phosphorous, calcium, uric acid, magnesium
ammonium phosphates . struvite 0, cystine and in very rare cases from ingest of drugs : xanthine
and triamterene# -xtremely saturated urine lled with these salts lead to their compaction and give
rise to the su!se&uent accumulations within regions of kidney, ureters or !ladder#
3hen high saturation of solutes occur during hypercalciuria or hyperoxaluria, renal medullary
interstitium and fragile renal tu!ular cells are stressed undergoing oxidative damages thus resulting
in cellular injuries, apoptosis or necrosis within the affected region#
,rystal adhesion molecules
$fter lesions upon cellular mem!ranes occur, mem!rane lysis or apoptotic ruptures, crystal !inding
molecules are li!erated facilitating crystal adhesions within kidney tu!ules# %hese crystal adhesion
molecules include phosphatidylserine, annexin=;; an apical protein with extremely high afnity
towards phospholipid and calcium !indings, negatively charged <=acetyl neuraminic acid, collagen
;V li!erated from lysed !asement mem!ranes#
ii
$cidic fragment of nucleolin=related protein highly expressed during cellular regenerations which
facilitates crystal adhesions within lesions, hyaluronan a glycosaminoglycan located upon tu!ular
apical mem!ranes with high expressions during cellular proliferations or injuries for the onsets of
tissue remodeling# 2steopontin upregulated at renal distal tu!ule luminal surfaces during cellular
injuries also facilitated the adhesion process#
)igh molecular si6ed, negatively charged hyaluronan a glycosaminoglycan, which forms hydrated
gel matrixes that !ind crystals leading to formations of calcied pla&ues and nephrocalcinosis> an
event that occurs when renal tu!ules are lled with crystalli6ations#
,rystalli6ation process leading to renal stone formations
?rinary supersaturation initiates the crystalli6ation process within the nephrons# %his involves the
initial solute precipitations scattered all over from an ina!ility to !e dissolved and passed out !y the
urinary system, nucleation involves their initial !indings within a lattice structure# 2ccurring when
some of these solutes form together as clusters#
$ccumulations in mass and particle &uantums occur as more solutes clump together producing
growths in the mass of agglutinations, this aggregation process also involves the formations of very
tight !onds along with glycoprotein additions that seal and !ind them further#
,rystal to cell interactions then occur, a process involving their attachments upon apical microvilli of
surrounding renal cells or pelvic urothelium adhesions, after which an internali6ation occurs
where!y they are ingrained further within organs and tissue layers#
-ndocytosis also occurs within some renal tu!ular epithelial cells leading to crystal growths within,
!ut some cells dissolve these internali6ed crystals# 3hen engulfed !y renal cells, some are una!le to
dissolve these crystals leading to cellular changes instead such as gene expression modications,
along with cytoskeleton and microllament reorgani6ations while cellular proliferations of renal
tu!ular cells are enhanced# 4uring mitosis these crystals are also found within the newly formed
daughter cells . @ieske, et al, 1AA4 0# 2ther renal proximal tu!ule cells undergo acute
in'ammations after endocytosis leading to in'ammation mediated cell death#
3hile some crystals just adhere to anionic apical cell surfaces leading to accumulations of
undissolved solutes and !igger crystals forming in an upregulatory positive feed!ack loop# ?pon
these apical surfaces of initial growths, when crystal fragments are small they can still !e
phagocytosed !y macrophages# ;n'ammations are also a resulting conse&uence of these solute !uilt
ups when enhanced they can lead to acute necrotic cell death and mem!ranolysis of renal proximal
tu!ular cells, erythrocytes, leukocytes, endothelial cells and !ro!lasts#
(reexisting renal lesions occur from a!rasions of solutes and oxidative stress damaging the renal
cells, where!y the crystals !ind within these lesioned locations> upon regenerating and
differentiating cells along with other !inding sites#
,oncentrations of 'uid and solu!ilities of these solutes are thus ii aspects often considered when
attempting calculi removals# ;nhi!itions of further growths 9 recurrences are then worked upon#
iii
,alculi chemical compositions
,alculi have !een found to !e composed mainly of protein xxxxxxiv +, water x +, nonamino sugars
ix#vi + and glucosamine v + . $ggarwal, et al, 201/ 0# *tudies aimed at examining the correlations
!etween protein !indings and stone formations have discovered that amino acids of g=
car!oxyglutamic acid, aspartic acid and glutamic acid have a very high afnity !inding with calcium
oxalate stones more than towards calcium phosphate stones . Bleming, et al, 2001 0# $s calcium
oxalate stones occur most often amongst the other stone types, proteins might !e a facade involved
in onsets of crystalli6ations#
4ue to the various chemical !indings, renal calculi can !e composed of deli&uescent, water
dissolva!le, radiodense calcium phosphate ,a/.(2402 from high calcium output within alkaline
urine . p) 0 vi#iii 0 and low magnesium for their excessive dissolution to occur#
(ro!lems with proper renal acidication or renal tu!ular acidosis, along with autoimmune disease
such as monoclonal protein diseases with peritu!ular deposits or *jogrens disease, causes such alkali
urine which leads to their existence# %he !indings !etween calcium and phosphate occur within the
intestinal tract lumens#
,ar!onated soft drinks increased dietary phosphorous . phosphoric acid 0 which is one of the
pro!a!le factors that could have led to the formations of such stones# 3hile high sugar
concentrations within such soft drinks is also a causative of the formations of any type of renal
calculi# 4ia!etes and hyperglycemia have also !een found to increase the risk of kidney stone
developments . 4audon, et al, 200C 0# ;ncomplete renal tu!ular acidosis and a high urinary ph are
characteristics# 3hen diuretic and calcium !inding vitamin c . ascor!ic acid 0 is an addition within
urine, it acidies the entire solution and these type of stones are dissolved#
,ommon calculi type calcium oxalate ,a,
2
2
4
crystalli6ations occur from high secretions of calcium
and oxalate, !indings which often occur within the gi tract, they re&uire magnesium and vitamins !
complexes . ex# pyridoxine, Vitamin !C 0 as a prevention to halt their formations# ,ommon sources
of oxalate include dietary excess of rened sugar, fructose, chocolate, cran!erries, rhu!ar!, spinach,
high fructose corn syrup, apple juice and grapefruit juice#
4ietary risk factors leading to calculi formations include excessive 'uoridated tap water, dietary
oxalates, dairy products, sodium, alcohol, sugar, sesame seeds, meat . %racy, et al, 2014 0, sh,
shellsh, eggs, sweet potatoes, miso, grapefruit juice and tahini# 3hilst insufcient 'uid 9 calcium
intakes contri!ute to their formations#
2xalate a!sorptions are high when an entity is incapa!le of a!sor!ing fat and thus is una!le to
remove them from the system# $ilments leading to such a state include celiac sprue, ,rohn8s disease,
o!esity surgery : ileal !ypass, ulcerative colitis or chronic pancreatitis# 1enetic disease such as
primary hyperoxaluria could also lead to such a condition#
,alcium is synthesi6ed and a!sor!ed within the gi tract region after which most are stored within
!ones# *eldom taken in excess !y most entities with calcium complexed stones, in fact most do not
even take enough dietary calcium# Det such calcium !ased complexes still occur, in the forms of
iv
calcium phosphate, calcium oxalate or even calcium phosphate oxalate# 3ithin the complex of
calcium phosphate oxalate, most of it is actually mainly calcium and oxalate# %his is due mainly to
high phosphorous or high oxalate &uantums which gives rise to these conjugations# ;nhi!itions of
the accumulations of these calcium salts can !e !rought a!out !y increasing uptakes of high citrate
su!stances such as grape, carrot, lime, lemon and orange juice, these also prevent uric acid stones
from forming# %rails conducted revealed that orange juice rather than lemonade aided in the
preventions of calcium oxalate and uric acid stone formations . 2dvina, 200C 0#
*tudies have found that when phytate intakes were high, the risk of calcium stone formations
decreased . 1rases, et al, 200C 0 they also inhi!it calcication of !lood vessels, are neuroprotective,
lowers glycemic index, reduces !lood glucose &uantums, are immune system enhances and exert
antitumour effects along with antioxidative properties !y preventing catalysis of hydroxyl free
radicals !y iron# %hese include linseeds, almonds, asparagus, ha6elnuts, 'our, mai6e, wheat, navy
!eans, !ran, cereals, soy, peanuts, kidney !eans, tomatoes, potatoes, au!ergines and high grain diets
which contain high &uantums of phytates . ;( C inositol hexaphosphate 0 that inhi!it the excessive
complexes of calcium#
%hese carry out high afnity !indings within the small intestines with positively charged calcium,
6inc, potassium, manganese and iron further inhi!iting mineral a!sorptions and su!se&uent
crystalli6ations# (hytic acid has also !een discovered to exist within calculi of calcium complexes .
Earch, et al, 2011 0 displaying !inding afnities to calcium, !ut due to low &uantums are una!le to
dissolve and remove them> whilst they have !een found in low secretary urinary outputs in entities
with kidney calculi . 1rases, et al, 200C 0 displaying low intakes in these patients#
%reatments involving a reduction in calcium have shown no !enet, !ut when phosphorous or
oxalates are reduced stone formations are diminished# %rails have found that upregulations of
calcium intakes did not increase the risk of calcium stones forming, however stones occurred when
calcium F vitamin 4 were taken together . Bavus, 2011 0 a likely pro!a!ility as vitamin d enhances
the rea!sorption of calcium from kidneys#
;t has also !een found that supplements with !isphosphonates an osteoclast=mediated !one mass
loss inhi!itor, prevents the formations of these calcium !ase stones . Dasiu, et al, 2011 0# 2verall
loss of !one mass densities along with recurrent stone formations cumulating in nephrocalcinosis
over time, is also a common accompanying factor when calcium phosphate stones start to surface#
:one meta!olisms may even !e an issue as excessive calciums are leaked into the system instead#
%hus the associations !etween systemic calcium loss 9 low a!sorptions accumulating within the renal
system leading to stone formations can !e seen and the underlying causatives further looked into#
,alcium containing crystals is also one of the symptoms of calcium toxicity from excessive calcium
intakes along with their low systemic a!sorptions# %his can !e ascertained if other accompanying
symptoms are also present such as senility, cataracts, formations of gallstones, arteriosclerosis,
arterial lesions, osteoporosis, !one spurs, arthritis, spondylitis, rigidity, pain, depression, slow
meta!olism, constipation, cancer, muscle weakness and fatigue#
$s calculi formations are due mainly to salt and mineral im!alances, correcting these im!alances can
!e carried out with other minerals so as to eliminate them and prevent recurrences# ,alcium is often
dissolved !y magnesium, keeping them solu!le thus their retentions within the system and
v
formations of hard, calcium crystalli6ations within organs are uncommon#
Eagnesium has thus often !een the therapy for dissolving and removal of these calcium calculi#
Eeta!olisms of mg decrease with age, thus their declines leading to stones formations were explored
in some trials# ;t was found that kidney stone forming patients had normal magnesium meta!olisms,
higher in males than female, however their urinary mg output was lower than non kidney stone
forming controls . Gohansson, et al, 1A50 0 thus re'ecting the lower calcium solu!ilities and
effective removals# Vitamin ! vi and magnesium oxide have also !een found to increase mg urinary
outputs and the su!se&uent decline in calculi developments . 7attan, et al, 1AA4 0#
%reatments with magnesium hydroxide was found to !e safe and effective in reducing stone
formations and their recurrences during clinical studies . Gohansson, et al, 1A52 0# *odium
thiosulphate also aided in preventions of calcium crystalli6ations recurrences in patients . Dat6idis,
1A5H 0# 3hile sodium cellulose phosphate has also !een found to !e rather effective in decreasing
calcium phosphate stones . :ackman, et al, 1A50 0
;nfection within the urinary tract regions arise from infections !y urease splitting micro!es through
hydrolysis of urea to ammonium such as urease containing *taphylococcus aureus, Ile!siella spp,
(roteus spp and (seudomonas thus inducing struvite . magnesium ammonium phosphate 0
<)4Eg(24JC)22 formations# ?pon acidications with vitamin c, these stones can also !e
dissolved within urine#
Bast growing and strangely shaped, with conventional treatment methods these are the hardest type
to eliminate and also the most harmful to the system as they contain deeply integrated infections
where anti!iotics are una!le to penetrate, often re&uiring invasive surgical procedures for their
removals# ;n extreme cases, renal transplants are the option as they can cause extensive kidney
damages#
7adiopa&ue cystine .*,)
2
,).<)
2
0,2
2
)0
2
is !arely a!le to !e dissolved !y the urine> mainly
occurring from renal cystine leakages due to genetic conditions# ,ystinuria, a rare and extremely
dense stone formation type can !e amended !y taking !uffered vitamin c along with dietary changes
o!serving low methionine intake#
7adiolucent uric acid is a common feature from diets high in animal 'esh often loaded with purines
or gout# ,haracteri6ed !y extremely acidic urine and high concentrates of uric acid# (otassium
citrate can !e taken to alkali6e the urine, along with inhi!itions of high uric acid productions with
drugs such as allopurinol# %hey are sometimes found together with other calcium complexed calculi
types as these stones form precipitates upon the uric acid crystals#

$nalysis of the chemical compositions of these removed calculi can !e su!se&uently made, as
various methods prevent formations in accordance to their specic chemical composites, they are
re&uired to inhi!it future recurrences# Eany patients have a tendency to re develop them due to
meta!olic states, dietary ha!its or systemic ph levels# ;t has !een found that recurrence rates in
patients are high, with xx = xxxxx + of them developing calculi again within x years of initial
clearance . @ake, et al, 1AAH 0# ;f calculi developments are seen as the result of an underlying
!iochemical im!alance or diseased condition, when left undiagnosed and untreated, recurrence
vi
would !e a conse&uence#
3hen calcium phosphate stones are formed underlying conditions that induced these initial
formations can !e also understood# %hese include hyperparathyroidism . upregulation of hormones
that increases ions of calcium 0, hypercalciuria, hypocitruria or renal tu!ular acidosis# %hey could
also lead to the most common type of calculi developments : calcium oxalate#
?rea splitting !acterial involved in urinary tract infections give rise to struvite calculi# ,ystinuria
enhances the formation of cystine calculi, a stone formation that seldom occurs> more often in
children, while hyperuricosuria and an acidic urinary p) . v#v leads to uric acid developments .
3agner, et al, 2010 0 also an occurrence during the onset of gout#
,onventional treatment method : drugs
,onventional treatment methods for ureteric calculi include hydrations with ;V or oral 'uids in
dehydrated patients or those with stones diameters of less than iv mm to increase urinary volumes
and thus their clearances# )owever this is not recommended for patients without dehydration and
with larger stone diameters as it could lead to pain, discomfort and dangers of excessive 'uid
accumulations within the !ladder especially if already o!structed !y calculi# $dministration of drugs
such as : $lpha !lockers as a ureter smooth muscle relaxant and to enhance ureter calculi removals .
@ipkin, et al, 200C 0 are also carried out, these include tamsulosin, tera6osin and doxa6osin#
$ntiemetics relief the accompanying nausea, pain and fever symptoms these include <I1antagonist,
H=)%/ antagonists, )1 antihistamines, thiethylpera6ine, !utyrophenones, dexamethasone,
metylprednisolone, canna!inoids, metaclopramide, phenothia6ines, prochlorpera6ine, prometha6ine,
su!stituted !en6amides and trimetho!en6amide#
4iuretics aid in kidney ltration and cleansing of the renal calculi with increased urinary volumes
thus enhancing uric acid dissolving, whilst facilitating calcium readsorptions !y the kidneys thus
preventing formations of calcium phosphate or calcium oxalate stones# %hese include
hydrochlorothia6ides, thia6ides such as cyclothia6ide, chlorothia6ide, hydrochlorothia6ide,
hydro'umethia6ide, !en6thia6ide, !endro'umethia6ide, polythia6ide, trichlor, methia6ide and
methyclothia6ide# %hia6ide=like diuretics can also !e taken these include, &uinetha6one, indapamide,
chlorthalidone and metola6one#
$nti!iotics are often prescri!ed when struvite stones are present, these are against gram F cocci and
" !acilli micro!es as a urinary tract infection is indicated, these include meropenem, ertapenem
cefa6olin, cefamandole, cefepime, daptomycin, erythromycin, ticarcillin9clavulanic acid, ampicillin,
gentamicin, o'oxacin, cipro'oxacin and levo'oxacin#
2ther drugs include calcium channel !lockers to enhance the passage of stones from the system .
*amplaski et al, 200A 0 as they !lock calcium from cellular entry thus relaxing musculature and
enhancing !lood 'ows through vessel dilatations# %hese include isradipine, amlodipine and
felodipine#
$lkalini6ing agents neutrali6e the acidity of systemic 'uids whilst alkalini6ing urine to an ideal of ph
vi#v . 3orcester, 2002 0 thus enhancing uric acid solu!ilities, they include potassium citrate, sodium
!icar!onate and sodium orthophosphate#
vii
?ricosuric agents which decrease uric acid within the system !y increasing their clearances are also
administered when calculi are present# )owever this might lead to enhance uric acid crystal
formations and are thus not suita!le for uric acid calculi, !ut some are used in the treatments of
calcium oxalate calculi removals# -xamples of these include pro!enecid, losartan, feno!rates and
!en6!romarone#
$nalgesics such as strong opioids for symptomatic pain relief are very important as well, they can !e
administered su!cutaneously or intramuscularly# %hese include !utorphanol, meperidine and
morphine# )owever they cross the placenta !arrier and are thus not suita!le for patients during
states of pregnancy# *ome depress the respiratory centers of !rain stem region while others reduce
kidney !lood perfusions too, thus the condition of kidneys, patient, age and health have to !e
initially ascertained !efore a suita!le analgesic chosen#
,onventional treatment method : surgical
,alculi removal procedures can !e non invasive, minimally invasive or invasive# %hese procedures
vary in effectiveness !ased upon the si6e of stones, densities, their num!ers and particular regions#
%hey include urethra stent insertions followed !y non invasive extracorporeal shock wave
lithotripsy, dual pulse shock wave lithotripsy . *okolov, et al, 2011 0, minimally invasive laser
lithotripsy . Ielly, et al, 1AAH 0, ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, percutaneous
nephrostomy and open nephrostomy#
1entle, non invasive, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy has !een found to !e highly effective .
Iramolowsky, et al, 1A5C 0, however depending on the si6e and num!er of calculi, repeated
procedures might !e re&uired for their complete eradication#
7isk factors include pulveri6ed fragments of stone !locking the ureter and damages to the
surrounding renal structures from high pressure resonance of these acoustic waves# *omething to
consider if repeated procedures are necessary#
,onventional treatment methods : risk factors
)owever some of these drugs and techni&ues come with their own various contraindications,
complications, side effects and surgical risk 9 complications . 4K$ddessi et al, 2012 0 9 traumas
which might not !e want a patient would like to undergo, while some o!structions due to calculi
si6e, mineral compositions of stones and !lockage regions along with systemic conditions such as
a!dominal aortic aneurysms, !leeding disorders or patients with urinary tract infections might not
!e suita!le candidates for some of the procedures#
%hus phytomedicines along with dietary adjustments can !e carried out immediately to speed their
clearances and aid in kidney recovery# *ome effective her!s with varying &uantums of toxicity work
as well such as kelp which aid in preventing onsets of kidney stones at the same time !alancing the
thyroid iodine levels as thyroid ailments are also a characteristic of calculi formations, however they
contain arsenic and is thus to !e avoided# $s plants !loom vulnera!ly in the wild, toxins exist within
certain species to protect them from predators# $rsenic containing her!s are to !e avoided as they
are shunted within cere!ral vasculatures when further coupled with vasodilating functions, this is
dangerous# *ome common food types contain arsenic too, such as rice thus the intake has to !e
viii
extremely low and not concurrent if some are accustomed to such dietary products# %hese
car!ohydrates can !e su!stituted with safer and healthier options instead, such as corn'akes with
vitamin ! i, ii, iii, vi, ix, xii or cellular protective selenium and vitamin ! ix within pasta# ,ommon
contaminants such as mercury, lead and pesticides are to !e avoided as well#
$s the focus is on total !ody healing, well !eing and recovery this article touches only upon the non
toxic yet effective her!s#
<atural remedies: :otanical (hytomedicine
%hese involve intakes of !otanical supplementations and dietary adjustments due to their
therapeutically effective !iocompositions which alleviates disease and their progressions# 4iet is
important as the excessive or low intake of molecules can result in systemic chemical im!alances# ;n
the case of kidney calculi formations with calcium crystalli6ations there tends to have !een too much
salt intake and too little magnesium#
:alance is a narrow scale, likewise when treatments with her!s are ongoing, their intakes have to !e
well regulated# Eedicine corrects systemic im!alances, likewise they could also !e harmful to a
perfectly healthy system that doesnKt re&uire it# 3hen cured of the ailments, ongoing her!al
treatments are not recommended#
;t is also important to note the durations that her!s are consumed for# ;f long term treatments are
necessary a week8s !reak in !etween every iii months is recommended so that proper detoxications
can occur and there will !e no risk from excessive dosing# 3hile a halt of ii " iii months !etween
years is suita!le if they are taken for a longer duration#
Bunctions of the her!s are also important to note, for example if they upregulate immune system
cells during an immunocompromised situation, x months to a year will !e a safe time frame to halt
the intake as excessive &uantums could result in an auto immune disease instead# %hese factors
would also vary !ased upon the specic her!al properties, outcomes upon the entity8s immune
system, cellular condition 9 compositions and how the !ody is reacting to it#
%he way the elements complement and !alance each other, in nature, for ever single ailment present
upon the earth there is a specic her!9s to !alance the condition thus restoring systemic
homeostasis, leading to the end of disease progression# )er!s are chemical moieties just like
everything else when most are taken in their whole her!al form rather than as isolated chemical
su!stances, their various chemical components tend to work in synergy#
*ome are a!le to facilitate calculi clearances, !y erosion 9 weathering concept> dissolving them off
gradually like a stone in the sea 9 underwater cave> where!y the particles emerge in powder form
and can !e passed out !y the urinary system, cellular recovery as well as kidney detoxications,
strengthening and prevention of recurrences after recovery#
%hey are produced commercially in various forms, !ut the li&uid tinctures work !est and &uickest as
they permeate within the !loodstream directly and fast# *ome have alcohol added to them as part of
the extraction process, as alcohol is a known carcinogen and stressful to the detoxication system
along with !eing toxic to the liver in the long term and an enhancer of uric acid crystalli6ations,
ix
these are not recommended# %here are many li&uid varieties without the alcohol content, these
would make a !etter option# ;ntakes of li&uid her!s ought to !e !etween a range of i " v drops when
taken internally#
$s the specic !iochemistry of individual physiological systems vary, certain her!s might work well
for some !ut produce moderate or varying results in others# %hus when trying a her! for the rst
time it is essential to !e aware of its effects upon the system and to stop at any signs of discomfort#
Eost her!s exert a holistic effect, !eing specic for certain ailments yet exerting positive overall
cellular effects as well#
Eerging of phytomedicine with drugs tend to produce strange 9 excessively amplied effects upon
interactions, the safety of their com!inations have to !e ascertained initially !efore such
interactions 9 intakes are carried out# %hough most of the time, such mixtures are not recommended#
$llergies of an entity might also affect the safety 9 efcacy of phytomedicine#
7ed palm oil
%his is one of the very few oils that can !e safely drank for a period not exceeding vi months#
4uring a trail, it was found to change the texture of !lood# %urning it from dry, corse and 'aky .
excessively thick and viscous 0 the same !lood condition that leads to the formation of aneurysms> to
a smoother more mucoidal and light texture# %his aids in overall !lood circulation within the vessels
where the !lood can course through smoothly# ;t would thus increase !lood circulations and 'ows at
the kidney regions, along with increasing the clearance of stony precipitates and reducing their
frictional impedance as they are ltered through delicate nephrons and moved along during the
clearance process# %he micro agglutinate precipitates can also !e removed easily and their
extrusions from within sheaths of cellular layers would !e enhanced#
%his can also !e taken for prevention of aneurysm formations, however it can only !e carried out
after the aneurysm has !een dissipated> not !efore or during, so as to avoid its mo!ility and
causative of a stroke or !eing lodge somewhere else within vessels, organs or tissues# $s for the
actual dissipation and after care that would involve another formula# $neurysms are thick clots,
smooth in texture and coagulative in nature, they vary from kidney calculi due to the texture and
densities thus are different in ease and 'uidity of mo!ility# ,alculi on the other hand have high
friction and are heavier and denser moieties, thus a risk of mo!ility is much lower than an aneurysm
and red palm oil can !e taken during the removal process to facilitate their clearances 9 passages
during and after the dissolving process#
2il in general is not recommended for daily ingest if someone has high !lood lipids or a history 9
tendency towards the developments of artery coagulations, high cholesterol, fat accumulates or fatty
pla&ue !uild ups# :ut due to the light texture and low lipid content of red palm oil, it can help a
system not loaded with vascular lipids restore a !etter circulatory condition and texture, thus
enhancing kidney ltrations and the detoxication processes#
4osage with a safe cap would !e x = xx ml drank daily, once a day, for a period !etween iii = v
months# $nytime congestion or discomfort is felt, if any it would !e immediate, it should !e stopped#
%his would !e the !est su!stance to aid in kidney clearance of the stones and can !e taken along
with the other her!s# %hese work in synchrony to enhance kidney !lood ltrations and facilitate
x
calculi !reak downs and removals#
$ note a!out oil, since we are on this topic# ,oconut oil cannot !e ingested this way as it facilitates
artery coagulations 9 congestions, thus impeding !lood 'ows and proper kidney circulations, it is
also harder to remove from the vasculature# ,onsumptions during cookings ought to !e alright if in
very low moderations, however it is not recommended for an entity with kidney conditions#
)owever coconut juice is very healthy and in synchrony with the physiological system, just the oil
from the coconut that has to !e avoided#
)ydrochloric acid
-na!les the chelation and thus !indings of calcium with amino acids, preventing their insolu!le
crystalli6ations while acidifying urine# ,alcium utili6ations and a!sorptions are further hindered if
intestinal acids are low# $pple cider vinegar, lemon juice, ginger, celery and !lack olives increase hcl
within the system and are a!le to dissolve some of these calculi# :otanicals containing !etaine hcl
would also exert a similar effect# %hese are aided !y vitamin ! i, ! vi, 6inc small &uantums of sea
salts and hcl production regulator vitamin ! iii# Vitamin ! vi has also !een found in trails to inhi!it
recurrences of calculi, of the oxalate variety along with reducing the risk of calculi formations within
kidneys . ,urhan, et al, 1AAA 0# 3hen apple cider vinegar is mixed with honey, !lood perfusions
within the renal system is also upregulated thus enhancing ltrations and the dissolving of renal
stones#
4iuretics and calculi dissolving juices and teas : fruits, vegeta!les, nuts
$part from fresh, distilled drinking water consumed at regular intervals . ii hourly 0, juices and teas
are also very effective as diuretics and nephron ltration improving lithotriptic agents# ,holine
deciencies can lead to low urinary volume outputs while high volume outputs enhances
detoxications, reduced saturation of solutes and the eliminations of the solutes that causes calculi#
*ymptoms include extremely saturated and concentrated urine output that appears unnaturally
thick, dark in colorations in various hues of !rown and is very scant in &uantum along with a
pungent scent from solute accumulates#
-xhausted kidneys tend to !e declining in their function as well, thus placing a greater strain upon
the liver# ?ric acid accumulations from inhi!ited clearances would also occur as one of the
downstream effects#
*ome liver stressed symptoms that accompany kidney calculi formations include !rain fog,
headaches, !loodshot eyes, fatigue, !romyalgia, aches and pains of joints, reduced muscular
'exi!ilities, insomnia, high !lood pressure, digestive disorders, high cholesterol, rashes, in'amed
skin conditions, acne and skin in !ad conditions#
)igh in vitamins ! and calcium coconut water contains potassium citrate which aids in the
dissolving and eliminations of calculi . (riya, et al, 2014 0 along with their preventions# %hey
contain anti micro!ial peptides that are effective agains human gram " and F strains, thus aiding in
preventing of opportunistic infections during renal calculi formations from cellular wounds or in uti
induced renal struvite crystalli6ations . Eandal, et al, 2005 0#
xi
,itrates are also contained within lemon juice which aids in the dissolving process, com!ined with
cherry juice they carry out dissolving of uric acid crystals as well#
(omegranate juice and seeds enhance sodium removal, thus increasing calcium urinal loss,
potassium within pomegranate regulates the excessive sodium loss, thus preventing excess calcium
within renal sys# %his also aids in eliminating them form the kidneys# $long with decreasing the
production of free radicals within injured regions and healing the cells affected# 2xidative stress
declined along with crystalli6ations of calcium oxalate, while it was found to !e safe to consume .
%racy, et al, 2014 0# (rotein glycations surface symptomatically as skin wrinkles# ;nhi!itions of
fructose enhanced glycations of protein conjugates have also !een found to occur when this juice
was consumed . 4orsy, et al, 2014 0 as calculi are made up of high composites of protein !indings
whilst ingest of high fructose also leads to their initial formations, pomegranates aid in calculi
crystalli6ation inhi!itions too#
)igh citrate containing pineapple has proteolytic en6yme !romelain and straw!erry juice .
moderate oxalate &uantums 0 dissolves and clears stones out of the renal sys while high potassium
concentrations within watermelon carry out dissolving of stones and their removals along with
making the cellular environments incondusive for micro!ial propagation as water is removed from
them#
,ilantro, celery, 'ower head of high !er artichoke, calculi risk lowering> high potassium .
)irvonen, et al, 1AAA 0 containing !anana, high potassium, !er and iodine containing watercress,
high insolu!le !er apricots, nutmeg, lithotriptic linseed, lithotriptic cherry, lithotriptic radish,
cantaloupe, tomato, pickle, garlic and ginger juices mediate the same effects#
%hese juices can !e mixed with a ii teaspoons " a ta!lespoon of high vitamin !, potassium,
manganese and magnesium containing, kidney strengthening, honey# $n acidic moiety of glucose
and fructose monosaccharides, antioxidative, antimicro!ial . effective against *taphylococcus spp#
and (seudomonas spp# 0, immune enhancing, cellular healing, enhancing of cellular regenerations .
*ell, et al, 2012 0, readily a!sor!ed !y the system unlike sugar and suita!le for high meta!olism
re&uiring organs such as the kidney and nephron !lood ltration units along with the cardiovascular
system, taken together with high !er !read or during meals to prevent gastric# 4iets with !er .
3); 3riting 1roup, et al, 2014 0 even vegeta!le !res . )ess, et al, 1AA4 0 have !een shown to
prevent calculi formation risk#
4iuretics and calculi dissolving teas : ,amellia sinensis
3hilst low oxalate containing ,amellia sinensis have !een discovered to dissolve calculi via
hydrogen !indings of their phenols to oxalate within calcium oxalate mineral salts . ,hen, et al,
2010 0# Iidney dysfunctions and 9 cellular injuries !y oxidative !ursts, free radical generations and
stressors would also !e reduced as they exert protective anti oxidant activities !y innate metal
chelating polyphenols catechins . Doko6awa, et al, 2012 0# ;mproved mitochondria respirations
within renal cells have also !een found to occur with intakes of japanese green tea, along with
decreasing glycations . Eustata, et al, 200H 0# $s calculi are also !onded and crystalli6ations along
with cellular adhesions occur via interactions with many of these collagen !ased !inders through
cross linkages, green tea would aid in the dissolving and clearances in addition to deterring their
initial crystalli6ations and integrations within cells 9 organ depths, this would !e an occurrence in
xii
calcium !ased crystals#
(hytomedicine
$lthaea ofcinalis
@ithotriptic $lthaea ofcinalis is compose of phenolic acids, amino acid asparagine with diuretic and
calculi dissolving effects, after hydrolysis it produces ammonia and aspartic acid while enhancing
renal cellular activities for increased ltered 'uid out'ows . existing in other plants such as lettuce,
asparagus, potato, dahlia, peas, chestnuts, !eans 0 mucilage . galacturonorhamnan and
ara!inogalactans 0, pectin . uronic acid concentrations !ind to calcium aiding in calculi dissolvings
and crystalli6ation inhi!itions 0, phenolic acids, phytosterols, &uercetin, sucrose, antioxidants .
'avonoids 5=hydroxyluteolin and 5=!=gentio!ioside 0 kaempferol, tannins, coumarins . antioxidative
and antiin'ammatory scopoletin which lowers glycemic indexes 0, starch, sugars, volatile oil and
'avonoids#
1entle upon mucus mem!ranes from the emollient mucilage productions, forming an anti
in'ammatory . )age=*leiman, et al, 2011 0 protective layer of mucous coats . 4eters et al, 2010 0
upon renal and digestive tracts, increasing expressions of cytokines, %<B and ;@ C, effective again
gangrene when mixed with comfrey, with soothing and lu!ricative effect upon arthritic joints and
kneecaps, swollen lymphatics, moisturi6ing dry throat, pulmonary and respiratory systems and
softening of hardened arteries an occurrence in atherosclerosis# ;t lowers high !lood pressures along
with improving the dia!etic condition# 7oots aid in digestive ailments and improvements while the
leaves are !est for the renal system#
4emulcent with high mucopolysaccharides it creates a mucous coat which protects the renal cells
from oxidative assaults and a!rasive lesions caused !y excessive solutes, healing atrophied cells,
along with aiding in cellular wound recovery from the additions moistures within these tissue layers
and helping in the removal of calculi, smoothing their exit passages too, whilst deterring the
adhesions of crystals during the formative process# Eucilaginous and emollient properties dissipates
hard calcied crystals while enhancing salt which follows water> thus mediating a cleansing and
removals from the system#
%his her! works very well upon the kidney, one of the her!s with highest afnity with kidneys and
the !est for calculi removals, smoothing and cleansing them along with strong diuretic actions#
$s calculi are hard and dry in nature, suita!le her!s for the treatments would !e a!le to dissolve and
remove them along with reversing this arid inner physiological state# *ystemic !alances would
include a harmony of her!s directed towards increasing moistures and enhancing 'uidity and
softening properties#
)er!s with similar mucilage constituents and mucous producing functions include $lthea rosea,
?lmus ru!ra, %rigonella foenum graecum, *ymphytum ofcinale and Ealva neglecta#
?pregulators of moisture and 'uidity to prevent excessive saturations and ena!le dissolvings to !e
carried out efciently include her!s such as (lantago major and *tellaria media# ,hanging the
textures of 'uids within !y natural oil additions thus enhancing their detachments and su!se&uent
xiii
clearances include her!s such as high !re psyllium seed, *alvia ofcinalis, $ngelica and $rctium
lappa#
*olidago virgaurea
*olidago virgaurea contains essential oil, oleanolic acid, /, H=di=2=caffeoyl &uinic acid, 'avonoids
. astragalin, hyperoside, iso&uercetin, nicoti'orin, &uercetin, and rutin 0, immunomodulatory
saponin, tannins, acetylenes, methyl /, H=di=2=caffeoyl &uinate, acylated !isdesmosidic triterpenoid
glycosides of polygalacicacid . 2 !eta, / !eta, 1C alpha, 2/=tetrahydroxyolean=12=en=25=oic acid 0,
!eta=dictyopterol, !eta=amyrin acetate, trans=phytol, kaempferol, kaempferol=/=2=rutinoside, ent=
germacra=4.1H0, H, 10 .140 =trien=1!eta=ol, polysaccharides, phenolic glucosides . leicarposide0
'avonols, 'avones . luteolin, apigenin0 and phenolic acids . rosmarinic, chlorogenic, ellagic, caffeic
acids0 . )aghi, et al, 2010 0#
$ diuretic . von Iruedener, et al# 1AAH 0 that aids in eliminating calculi !y dissolvings along with
their crystalli6ation preventions, often found effective in kidney calculi treatments . Eel6ig, 2004 0,
it has analgesic effects, antioxidative . Eeyer, et al, 1AAH 0, is anti=in'ammatory, effective against
micro!es and shown to !e efcient in terminations of $canthamoe!a sp# . 4erda, et al, 200A 0 and
*taphylococcus aureus . *tarks, et al, 200A 0, urinary tract 9 kidney infections, excessive mucous
productions, arthritis, lowering of !lood pressure, dia!etes, gout and is effective for renal wound
healing and recovery process#
,hamaemelum no!ile
,omposed of mucilage, anti histamine a6ulenes . chama6ulene 0, car!ohydrates, tocopherols,
hydroperoxides . 7Lcker, et al, 1A5A 0, carotenoids, proteins, terpenoids, tannins, essential fatty
acids, H=2=caffeoyl&uinic acid, antispasmodic 'avonoids . apigenin, luteolin, patuletin, &uercetin, 0,
antimicro!ial alpha=!isa!olol, phenolic acids, hypoglycaemic . IMnig, 1AA5 0 chamaemeloside .
,arnat , et al, 2004 0, phenols, 'avonoids . 'avonols and 'avonols 0 and organic acids . oxalic,
citric, malic, &uinic and fumaric acids0 . 1uimarNes, et al, 201/ 0, tiglic acid, ses&uiterpene lactones,
farnesene, angelic acid, hydroxycoumarins, coumarins and alpha pinene#
,an !e com!ined with *olidago virgaurea# ;t is uric acid dissolving, mucous producing, anti=
in'ammatory, antioxidative . ,ioanc, et al, 200A 0 antimicro!ial . 7Lcker, et al, 1A5A 0, analgesic,
immuno stimulating, acetylcholinesterase inhi!iting sedative and nerve soothing, ameliorates
epilepsy, anti estrogenic, digestive acid production enhancing functions and is an effective diuretic#
$part from facilitating clearances of crystalli6ations, it aids in wound healing, rash, ec6ema, gout,
osteoporosis, urether spasms mediated !y $ch 9 histamine . Eurti, et al, 2012 0, dia!etes, insomnia,
arthritis, gastrointestinal disorders and is in in'ammatory pain relief#
$gathosma !etulina
,onsists of !ioactive mucilage, ! vitamins, tannins, phenols, phosphodiesterase inhi!itor rolipram,
pulegone, isopulegone 'avonoids . hesperidin, &uercitin, rutin, diosmin 0 essential oils consisting
. isomenthone, limonene, diosphenol, isopulegone 0, stereoisomeric cis O trans 5=mercapto=p=
methan=/=one, 5=acetylthiomenthone, piperitone epoxide=menthon, p=cymol, terpineol, terpenes and
xiv
resins#
%rials to investigate their antimicro!ial functions were carried out and it was effective against some
common kidney and urinary system micro!es such as -scherichia spp, *taphylococcus aureus,
Ile!siella spp, (roteus spp, (seudomonas spp and -nterococcus spp . 1eetha, et al, 2012 0
-ffective in decreasing in'ammations of renal system, along with removing infection causative
organisms as it possesses anti!acterial properties# $ phytomedicine often taken during ailments
involving kidneys . *impson, 1AA5 0, relieves cystitis, urethritis, coats the mem!ranes with mucous
for smooth calculi removals and acts as a weak diuretic#
2ther functions include wound healing, antiseptic actions, inhi!ition of spasms, gastrointestinal
disorders, dysuria and cystitis#
%araxacum ofcinale
,onsist of vitamins ! vi, magnesium, calcium, potassium, high !er content, triterpenes,
ses&uiterpene, taraxasterol, taraxacin, taraxacerin, inulin,%of=,Br, pectin, coumestrol, apigenin
luteolin, gallic acid, linolenic acid and choline#
$n efcient phytomedicine in treatments of dia!etes, kidney and liver dysfunctions, gall disorders
along with gall calculi removals, increasing synthesis of fat emulsifying !ile, and kidney calculi
dissolving, remove toxins from !lood and gastrointestinal system, lowers cholesterol, cleanse the
kidneys aiding in effective ltrations along with particulate matter clearances, dissolves uric acid,
antimicro!ial, arthritis, mildly analgesic, gastrointestinal disorders, a strong diuretic for higher
urinary outputs thus decreasing suprasatuations . ,lare, et al, 200A 0, liver and kidney tonic#
%his is effective against the stress upon organs from calculi onsets along with their reha!ilitations
after calculi in'icted injuries, increases !lood circulation and perfusions of which are necessary
within kidneys for effective ltrations and su!se&uent calculi removals, along with clearances of
edema#
$rctostaphylos uva=ursi
,omposed of magnesium, copper, manganese . Ioniec6yPski, et al, 2012 0, antimicro!ial glycoside
ar!utin a mild diuretic and melanin synthesis inhi!itor, methyl=ar!utin, mild diretic iso&uercetin,
syringic acids, ellagic and gallic acid, tannins, p=coumaric, glycosides . myricitrin, iso&uercitrin,
&uercitrin, hyperin 0 'avonoids . myricetin, hyperoside, &uercetin 0, triterpenes, monotropein,
piceoside and trpenoids . alpha amyrin, mild diretics ursolic acid 0#
%raditionally used for kidney infections and helps relieve pain and cleanse the urinary tract as well,
supports kidney function, kidney 9 renal system infections, cystitis, urolithiasis, uric acid eliminator,
edema within urinary tracts, !ladder and urethra calculi dissolvings, mild astringent, antiseptics,
treatment against renal infections caused !y common uti pathogens *taphylococcus aureus .
*nowden, et al, 2014 0, -scherichia spp, (roteus spp#, it has !een found to !e a strong anti
micro!ial . %olmacheva, et al, 2014 0 along with exerting antioxidative and in'ammatory inhi!iting
a!ilities . @ee, et al, 2012 0#
xv
Ruercus salicina
%rials to identify the chemical constituents were carried out, !ioactive molecules include 'avonoids
and antioxidative phenolic compounds . resveratrol, &uercetin, rutin, gentisic acid, chlorogenic acid,
myricetin, t=cinnamic, naringenin, hesperetin, formononetin, !iochanin $, !eta resorcylic acid,
naringin, kaempferol,veratric acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, vanillin,
chlorogenic acid, hesperedin, caffeic acid, homogentisic acid, pyrogallol, vanillic acid, =coumaric
acid, m=coumaric acid, catechin p=coumaric acid 0 . Iim, et al, 2012 0#
-xerts a diuretic effect, while dissolving calculi along with anti=in'ammatory functions# -ffects are
effective against kidney and ureteral located calculi# ?pregulations of insulin productions also occur,
while cellular protective and antioxidative effects were discovered . *ong, et al, 201/ 0 . Iim, 2005
0#
;t has also !een found to inhi!it the crystalli6ations and recurrences of calcium calculi . <agata, et
al, 2011 0# 3hile it was found that oxalate calculi induced oxidative injuries were decreased through
cellular protections . Eoriyama, et al, 200S 0, thus this phytomedicine is suita!le for calculi
removals along with treatments of their accompanying injuries and symptoms#
:otanicals with afnity towards calcium> facilitating !indings and aiding in their removals and
crystalli6ation inhi!itions, contain phenolic anthra&uinones . Vaishali Vyas et al# 2011 0, these
include effective her!s such as 7hamnus purshianus and 7umex crispus#
%he essential key mineral and !otanicals effective for calculi dissolving, removals and recurrence
preventions have !een discussed# Eany of them function as kidney strengtheners and aid in kidney
tonications as well, this is essential for the organ and cellular healing process throughout the calculi
removal procedures and restoration of optimal kidney function, renal systemic !alances and overall
systemic health#
%hough the !otanicals, phytomedicines and minerals will remove the calculi, the underlying cause of
these crystalli6ations are to !e investigated and treated so as to permanently prevent recurrences#
*ome other her!s exhi!iting similar effects against kidney calculi while effective for the restoration
of gradual renal system homeostasis include : :irch, $rgemone mexicana, $rum maculatum,
2cimum !asilicum, Bicus virens, (runus spinosa, $rctium, ,innamomum verum, 7osmarinus
ofcinalis, (hyllanthus niruri, ,rataeva magna , Vi!urnum opulus, Tea mays, 1lycyrrhi6a gla!ra,
Boeniculum vulgare, -utrochium purpureum, )i!iscus, -&uisetum, )ortensia de Virginie,
Guniperus communis, $mmi visnaga, @o!elia, (arietaria ofcinalis, pycnogenol from (ine !ark,
4ioscorea villosa, *alvia ofcinalis, *partium junceum, %ragopogon porrifolius, ?rtica dioica and
Valeriana ofcinalis#
<ovel litholytic method : a concept, yet to !e tested#
<on invasive, concept involves the direct application of light energy to scatter the atoms of !ound
calculi precipitates# @ight has to !e at the perfect fre&uency that is specic for the !onds that !ind
the atoms of minerals constituting calculi together yet without harm to the overlying cells a!ove or
within the kidneys and nephrons#
xvi
;t8s resonance will !e just sufcient to accelerate the scattering of the particulate8s particles thus
shattering the !onds that !ind them together as a crystalline structure returning them to the isolated
atomic form thus powdery in nature and easily cleared rather than a !onded entire stone and these
particles can !e then !e 'ushed out form the kidneys in their atomic micro crystalline structures
3here!y they will !e removed through the renal system easily without !eing lodged or accumulated
within#
)owever a specic fre&uency of light that can function this way has yet to !e derived or tested#
%echni&ue involves guided imaging analysis for exact calculi depth and locations and precision
direction of a !eam of light within at a fre&uency that is safe to the tissue layers penetrated# ?pon
reaching the specic stone layers it8s energy is changed at that particular depth to one with a higher
energy eld resonance# %he light particle scatters can !e accelerated gradually till they spiral faster
and from the downward pressure of an additional applied energy eld that mediates this increase in
scatter, the momentum force accumulates with max acceleration just at the distal tip region : cyclone
concept# 3ith the spin strongest in velocity at the distal !asal region thus !reaking down the calculi,
yet not harming the cells a!ove> this would mediate sufcient atomic scattering and dissipation of
the agglutinations and dissipating them into particles#
$n ideal treatment in theory as it can !e carried out externally, eliminated pro!a!ility of pain
sensations, without harm to the surrounding cells or tissue thus not inhi!iting overall kidney
functions or risking systemic health while eradicating the calculi fast and in a way that can !e
smoothly cleared out !y the renal system#
%he follow up can !e carried out with the her!s mentioned a!ove for the detoxications and
clearances of the micro particulates away from the kidney and !ladder system# 3hen calculi
remnant clearances are complete, renal cells can !e su!se&uently treated with healing and
regenerative her!s to !ring the injured 9 frictionally lesioned cells 9 mem!ranes !ack to optimal
conditions so they can carry out their cellular functions and !e in synchrony with renal and systemic
functions once again#
4ietary ha!its have to !e thought a!out and changes made and maintained through the years
further preventing risks of calculi recurrence#
xvii
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