of Cable of Cable - - Stayed Bridge Stayed Bridge Diploma Thesis Diploma Thesis Ana Spasojevi Ana Spasojevi UNIVERSITY OF NI Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2 Task Task Design a Design a pedestrian concrete bridge pedestrian concrete bridge over the river over the river Ni Ni ava ava in in Ni Ni , according to the conditions defined by: , according to the conditions defined by: cross section of the regulated river channel (waterways) cross section of the regulated river channel (waterways) site plan (location plan) site plan (location plan) technical solution for the bridge substructure technical solution for the bridge substructure Technical data: Technical data: span of the bridge: span of the bridge: 70.0 m 70.0 m available deck width: available deck width: 4.0 m 4.0 m free height above the flood flow: free height above the flood flow: 0.70 m 0.70 m installations on the bridge: electrical installations for bridge installations on the bridge: electrical installations for bridge illumination illumination material of the deck: material of the deck: reinforced concrete, prestressed reinforced concrete, prestressed 3 Content of the presentation Content of the presentation Task Task General data of the bridge General data of the bridge Description of bridge structures Description of bridge structures superstructure: superstructure: girder girder pylon pylon stay cables stay cables substructure substructure Analysis of bridge structures Analysis of bridge structures static analysis static analysis dynamic analysis dynamic analysis Some details Some details reinforcement plans reinforcement plans assemblage of main girder assemblage of main girder 4 General data of the bridge General data of the bridge According to the given conditions and the accepted concept of According to the given conditions and the accepted concept of precast precast superstructures the bridge is designed as a superstructures the bridge is designed as a cable cable- -stayed beam stayed beam, with , with two spans 14.0+56.0=70.0 m two spans 14.0+56.0=70.0 m The superstructure of the bridge consist of: prestressed concret The superstructure of the bridge consist of: prestressed concrete deck e deck with 3+2 with 3+2x x3 stay cables and one pylon placed on the left river flood plan. 3 stay cables and one pylon placed on the left river flood plan. Finished road level is set low in the bridge zone; to respect th Finished road level is set low in the bridge zone; to respect the conditions e conditions of free opening above the flood flow, the designed solution has of free opening above the flood flow, the designed solution has small small constant height of the deck: 77.0 cm between the finished road l constant height of the deck: 77.0 cm between the finished road level to evel to the bottom surface of the structure. the bottom surface of the structure. The bridge is of constant height along the whole span The bridge is of constant height along the whole span Leva obala 195.600 196.300 193.200 193.125 M.V. 190.525 190.025 193.125 197.450 195.60 Desna obala 5 General data of the bridge General data of the bridge view of the bridge: upstream side view of the bridge: upstream side Beside the functionality, strict vibration Beside the functionality, strict vibration s and stability conditions, the s and stability conditions, the aesthetic appeal of the bridge was important design constraint. aesthetic appeal of the bridge was important design constraint. Finished road level is straight and inclined longitudinally towa Finished road level is straight and inclined longitudinally towards the rds the left river bank (i=1.37%) left river bank (i=1.37%) Levaobala 195.600 196.300 193.200 193.125 M.V. 190.525 190.025 193.125 197.450 195.60 Desnaobala 6 330 7660 4 2 0 197.319 2 % 330 196.30 1400 350 175 1400 196.396 1.375 % 350 2 5 1400 175 2 5 5 2 0 2 5 4 2 0 2 5 196.868 1400 197.116 2 % 1400 2 5 10 10 2 5 T O K 197.359 197.45 General data of the bridge General data of the bridge plan of the bridge plan of the bridge The center line of the bridge is straight, while the center line The center line of the bridge is straight, while the center line of the of the river flow in the bridge zone has curvature of 400.0 m in radius river flow in the bridge zone has curvature of 400.0 m in radius, and , and intersects the center line of the bridge almost perpendicularly. intersects the center line of the bridge almost perpendicularly. The deck width is 4.2 m, with both side lateral inclination of 2 The deck width is 4.2 m, with both side lateral inclination of 2.0 % .0 % from the center line from the center line Free profile is 2x2.0/2.5 m along the whole span Free profile is 2x2.0/2.5 m along the whole span - - passing beside the passing beside the pylon or stay cables. pylon or stay cables. 7 Description of bridge structures Description of bridge structures superstructure: superstructure: girder girder Spanning structure: Spanning structure: prestressed concrete girder (C 45), boxed cross section. prestressed concrete girder (C 45), boxed cross section. formed of formed of precaste precaste segments, 14.0 m of length. segments, 14.0 m of length. the height of the girder is constant along the span, with 73.0 c the height of the girder is constant along the span, with 73.0 cm in m in the center line, and 68.5 cm form the bottom edge of corona to t the center line, and 68.5 cm form the bottom edge of corona to the he bottom surface of girder (intrados) bottom surface of girder (intrados) Zaglinjeni pesak 1400 7000 195.619 1400 Levaobala Nasutotlo 196.396 330 195.600 193.125 193.200 190.500 186.700 NPV 195.000 195.626 215.119 V. Laporovitaglina Peskoviti {ljunak 1400 1400 / l=22.0m 2xHW O120 192.219 190.419 192.525 195.819 196.589 190.525 M.V. 196.868 196.098 1400 190.025 196.346 197.116 195.00 V. 192.525 196.549 197.319 2xHW O100 l=10.0m 330 193.200 193.125 192.313 197.359 196.589 Nasuto tlo / 195.60 Desnaobala 8 Description of bridge structures Description of bridge structures superstructure: superstructure: girder girder 2 5 2 5 2 5 1485 montazni nosacN5 7000 350 1400 1320 350 1400 1 1 5 6 0 0 2 6 0 120 65 350 1400 65 55 230 350 1400 70 350 70 350 120 350 100 100 4 0 75 75 6 0 10 30120 230 230 55 350 350 120 350 120 120 350 80 230 pokretnalezista 130 b. in situ nepokretnalezista 6 0 2 6 0 1 1 5 4 0 985 montazni nosacN1 beton in situ 420 1225 montazni nosacN2 b. in situ 80 2 9 2 350 1400 230 120 10 30 120 350 350 350 120 120 350 230 80 200 150 30 10 350 350 120 350 350 230 80 1 6 16 montazni nosacN4 1320 16 b. in situ 80 montazni nosacN3 16 1 6 1 6 b. in situ 80 2 0 0 4 6 0 70 70 2 0 0 pokretnalezista The part of the girder at the left pier, 0.7+3.5 m long, is cast The part of the girder at the left pier, 0.7+3.5 m long, is cast- -in in- - situ solid deck. situ solid deck. The cross section of the girder is of shape of trapezium, consis The cross section of the girder is of shape of trapezium, consisting ting of two chambers, bordered by the upper deck, two side ribs and of two chambers, bordered by the upper deck, two side ribs and one middle rib (in the center line of the bridge). one middle rib (in the center line of the bridge). 9 Description of bridge structures Description of bridge structures superstructure: superstructure: girder girder Cross sections of the girder : Cross sections of the girder : section in the span section in the span 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% Section in the pylon zone Section in the pylon zone Section in the support zone Section in the support zone 10 Description of structures Description of structures superstructure: superstructure: girder girder Transversal girders: Transversal girders: main stiffener plates in the load bearing zones are 240 cm width main stiffener plates in the load bearing zones are 240 cm width. . secondary stiffeners, in the main span, are 16 cm width secondary stiffeners, in the main span, are 16 cm width Bearing pads: Bearing pads: Fixed end bearings are placed on the left shore pier, designed a Fixed end bearings are placed on the left shore pier, designed as prestressed s prestressed linear hinges (pin joints) linear hinges (pin joints) Free end bearings (in direction of bridge Free end bearings (in direction of bridge s center line) are placed s center line) are placed on the foundation pier of the pylon on the foundation pier of the pylon - - elastomer elastomer, type , type NAL NAL b b 200/250/41 200/250/41 on the right shore pier on the right shore pier - - elastomer elastomer, type , type NAL NAL b b 200/250/107 200/250/107 195.619 Leva obala Nasutotlo 196.396 195.600 193.125 193.200 190.500 186.700 NPV 195.000 195.626 215.119 V. Laporovitaglina Peskoviti {ljunak / l=220m 2xHW O120 192.219 190.419 192.525 195.819 196.589 190.525 M.V. 196.868 196.098 190.025 196.346 197.116 195.00 V. 192.525 196.549 197.319 2xHW O100 l=100m 193.200 193.125 192.313 197.359 196.589 Nasuto tlo / 195.60 Desnaobala 11 Description of bridge structures Description of bridge structures superstructure: superstructure: girder prestressing girder prestressing 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% After assemblage of the parts of main girder, the girder is made After assemblage of the parts of main girder, the girder is made longitudinally longitudinally continual by means of longitudinal prestressing of cables: continual by means of longitudinal prestressing of cables: 12 Description of bridge structures Description of bridge structures superstructure: superstructure: girder prestressing girder prestressing 2% 2% 2% 2% Cross section of the main girder in IV i V field 13 Description of bridge structures Description of bridge structures superstructure: superstructure: girder prestressing girder prestressing 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% Anchorage Anchorage zone at left zone at left shore pier shore pier Anchorage Anchorage zone at right zone at right shore pier shore pier 14 Description of bridge structures Description of bridge structures superstructure: superstructure: pylon pylon Central concrete pier, (concrete grade 30), is placed 14 m on th Central concrete pier, (concrete grade 30), is placed 14 m on the left from the left e left from the left abutment abutment The pylon height (measured from footing to the top) is 19.5 m The pylon height (measured from footing to the top) is 19.5 m The pylon relies on the foundation pier, dimensions b/d/h = 140/ The pylon relies on the foundation pier, dimensions b/d/h = 140/ 400 /340 cm which 400 /340 cm which relies on pile helmet (cushion head); piles are relies on pile helmet (cushion head); piles are 1200 mm in diameter, l=22.0 m 1200 mm in diameter, l=22.0 m (2HW drilled (2HW drilled- -in piles in piles) ) Zaglinjeni pesak 1400 7000 195.619 1400 Levaobala Nasuto tlo 196.396 330 195.600 193.125 193.200 190.500 186.700 NPV 195.000 195.626 215.119 V. Laporovitaglina Peskoviti {ljunak 1400 1400 / l=22.0m 2xHWO120 192.219 190.419 192.525 195.819 196.589 190.525 M.V. 196.868 196.098 1400 190.025 196.346 197.116 195.00 V. 192.525 196.549 197.319 2xHW O100 l=10.0m 330 193.200 193.125 192.313 197.359 196.589 Nasuto tlo / 195.60 Desnaobala 15 Description of bridge structures Description of bridge structures superstructure: superstructure: pylon pylon First 1.5 m of pylon height the cross First 1.5 m of pylon height the cross section of square shape, solid section of square shape, solid concrete, concrete, following 10.5 m the cross section is following 10.5 m the cross section is voided and mould, 120 x 120 cm, voided and mould, 120 x 120 cm, next 1.5 m next 1.5 m the transition to the the transition to the pylon head (solid mould cross pylon head (solid mould cross section) section) head of pylon head of pylon - - solid mould cross solid mould cross section 160.0 x 160.0 cm section 160.0 x 160.0 cm 7 7 1 2 0 0 3 4 0 100 60 60 220 560 100 190.419 15 192.219 195.619 195.819 192.525 215.119 MB 30 200 165 130 60 MB 30 60 60 70 220 165 600 200 130 196.589 60 M B
3 0 70 80 80 6 0 0 1 8 0 15 1 5 0 2 0 5 2 0 1 9 5 0 16 Description of bridge structures Description of bridge structures superstructure: superstructure: stay cables stay cables Three pairs of cables are placed between the left shore pier and Three pairs of cables are placed between the left shore pier and the the pylon, and they are bonded to the girder in the zone of bearing pylon, and they are bonded to the girder in the zone of bearing Between the pylon and the right shore pier three cables are plac Between the pylon and the right shore pier three cables are placed, in the ed, in the center line of the bridge. They are bonded to the girder at the center line of the bridge. They are bonded to the girder at the main cross main cross girders girders Stay cables are designed for the Stay cables are designed for the Freyssinet Freyssinet prestressing system prestressing system Levaobala 195.600 196.300 193.200 193.125 M.V. 190.525 190.025 193.125 197.450 195.60 Desnaobala 17 Description of bridge structures Description of bridge structures superstructure: superstructure: stay cables stay cables, type , type Freyssinet Freyssinet 18 Description of bridge structures Description of bridge structures superstructure: superstructure: stay cables stay cables Anchorage types : Anchorage types : the cables are anchored in the the cables are anchored in the girder at the zone of main girder at the zone of main transversal girders, transferring transversal girders, transferring force by adjustable anchorage force by adjustable anchorage anchorages at the pylon are anchorages at the pylon are fixed. fixed. =45.392 =28.969 =21.812 =50.485 1 =51.463 =51.017 2 1 2 3 3 TIP PODESAVAJ UCIH KOTVI 12 HDE 15 R DETALJ ANKEROVANJ A KABLOVA TIPA 12 H 1 2 .5 7 0 3 0 4 0 K 2 0 1 5 0 5 5 0 100 65 ' ' ' =51.463 =51.017 =50.485 3 2 11 70 65 35 5 METALNA MASKA ' ' K 3 2 ' 3 0 3 2 2 2 0 1 0 100 65 35 3 0 4 0 ' K 1 ' 2 20 30 40 20 70 ' 11 DETALJ ANKEROVANJ A KABLA K1 TIP PODESAVAJ UCE KOTVE 19 HDE 15 R METALNA MASKA 120 =45.392 1 11 TIP KABLA 19 H 1 7 0 120 30 7 3 3 1 . 5 4 1 . 5 4 1 9 3 8 1 6 2 4 .5 1 4 2 0 80 10 2 4 3 5 5 0 5 80 5 19 Description of bridge structures Description of bridge structures superstructure: superstructure: stay cables stay cables TIP PODESAVAJ UCE KOTVE 19 HDE 15 R DETALJ ANKEROVANJ A KABLA K2 80 120 1 7 0 =28.969 2 2 4 3 8 1 9 3 1 . 5 7 3 4 1 . 5 1 6 10 2 0 2 4 . 5 1 4 TIP KABLA 19 H 120 115 15 5 5 0 2 4 30 3 5 TIP PODESAVAJ UCE KOTVE 19 HDE 15 R TIP KABLA 19 H DETALJ ANKEROVANJ A KABLA K3 =21.812 3 3 130 145 50 120 80 170 10 4 3 8 1 9 3 1 . 5 7 3 4 1 . 5 1 6 20 1 4 1 0 25 30 5 2 4 3 5 2 4 . 5 Details of adjustable anchorage 20 Description of bridge structures Description of bridge structures superstructure: superstructure: stay cables design stay cables design The criteria considered for structural design of stay cables: ULS: load bearing capacity (maximal tensile force) SLS: deformation of spanning structure SLS and ULS: deformation and stability of pylon building and assemblage ability of structural segments possibility of replacing one cable the verification of the fatigue strength is not necessary done for pedestrian bridges, according to EUROCODE-2, appendix 107-cable- stayed bridges Ultimate limit state is defined following EUROCODE-2, with safety factor s =1.50 for nominal tensioning stress for prestressing steel Serviceability limit state is defined following EUROCODE-2, for frequent constellations of loads, so that the tensile stress in cables does not overcome 0.45 f pk 21 Description of bridge structures Description of bridge structures superstructure: superstructure: stay cables design stay cables design Prestressing forces inserted into structure by the stay cables, Prestressing forces inserted into structure by the stay cables, are designed are designed according to the following constraints : according to the following constraints : the pylon is kept vertical under action of dead load the pylon is kept vertical under action of dead load admissible stress and strain range in structural elements (mainl admissible stress and strain range in structural elements (mainly for y for main spanning structure mostly) main spanning structure mostly) The prestressing of stay cables is performed following the speci The prestressing of stay cables is performed following the specific prestressing fic prestressing program program 22 Description of bridge structures Description of bridge structures substructure substructure Substructure of the bridge consists of two shore piers Substructure of the bridge consists of two shore piers (abutments), and the foundation of the pylon. (abutments), and the foundation of the pylon. 195.600 Levog obalnog stuba 185 400 3 2 0 8 8 3 2 0 320 700 6 0 0 280 Presek A-A M B
1 5 100 F 2 9 0 M B
3 0 195.626 4 5 0 4 5 0 186.700 1 0 0 Presek F-F 1 0 0 NVV NPV 5 0 190.500 192.700 5 0 193.200 195.000 5 0 5 0 196.396 F PLAN OPLATE 330 400 50 A 185 50 430 A 23 Description of bridge structures Description of bridge structures substructure substructure 230 430 370 430 430 3 8 0 2 8 0 2 0 8 0 3 8 0 1 0 0 70 30 8 0 2 0 1 0 0 2 0 6 0 30 Presek D-D 30 30 70 Presek C-C 4 0 8 420 370 430 430 165 230 100 50 25 30 20 50 100 165 A 192.313 193.200 20 30 25 6 8 2 5 196.389 100 155 75 50 Pogled B-B PLAN OPLATE DESNOG OBALNOG STUBA 2 0 0 4 3 0 2 0 0 4 7 0 3 7 0 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 HW [ ip O100 l=10.0m Presek A-A 100 380 360 280 380 3 0 0 2 0 2 5 2 0 1 3 6 1 0 8 20 100 D 2 1 1 8 9 160 5 0 1 0 5 5 80 20 50 197.359 C B 7 7 2 0 155 5 70 195.60 / 430 24 Analysis of bridge structures Analysis of bridge structures static analysis static analysis Three calculation models have been created to serve static analy Three calculation models have been created to serve static analysis of the sis of the bridge, with element properties according to the building phase bridge, with element properties according to the building phase calculation calculation model 1 model 1 - - space frame, space frame, (with decomposition of the main girder in three girders) (with decomposition of the main girder in three girders) 25 Analysis of bridge structures Analysis of bridge structures static analysis static analysis calculation calculation model 2 model 2 - - space frame, with space frame, with composed main girder composed main girder calculation calculation model 3 model 3 - - plane frame plane frame model 3 is used for calculation model 3 is used for calculation according to the Second according to the Second odred odred theory theory 26 Analysis of bridge structures Analysis of bridge structures static analysis static analysis calculation calculation model 1 model 1 - - geometry of the system geometry of the system 27 Analysis of bridge structures Analysis of bridge structures static analysis static analysis Calculation Calculation model 1 model 1 - - deformation of the deformation of the system in the phase system in the phase of assembling (F02), of assembling (F02), before longitudinal before longitudinal continuity is done continuity is done 28 Analysis of bridge structures Analysis of bridge structures static analysis static analysis Calculation Calculation model 1 model 1 - - deformation of the deformation of the formed system under formed system under dead load action, in dead load action, in time t=t time t=t 0 0 29 Analysis of bridge structures Analysis of bridge structures static analysis static analysis Calculation Calculation model 1 model 1 - - deformation of the deformation of the formed system under formed system under dead load and service dead load and service load, in time t=t load, in time t=t 0 0 30 Analysis of bridge structures Analysis of bridge structures dynamic analysis dynamic analysis Three calculation models have been designed to serve dynamic Three calculation models have been designed to serve dynamic analysis. Continual masses have been represented by system of analysis. Continual masses have been represented by system of discrete masses: discrete masses: calculation calculation model D1 model D1 - - space frame, with 11 + 6 oscillating masses space frame, with 11 + 6 oscillating masses 31 Analysis of bridge structures Analysis of bridge structures dynamic analysis dynamic analysis calculation calculation model D2 model D2 - - space frame, composed space frame, composed main girder with 11 + 6 main girder with 11 + 6 oscillating masses oscillating masses calculation calculation model D3 model D3 - - plane frame, 11 + 6 plane frame, 11 + 6 vibrating masses vibrating masses 32 Analysis of bridge structures Analysis of bridge structures dynamic analysis dynamic analysis calculation calculation model D3 model D3: : modes of vibrations of the structure, vertical direction modes of vibrations of the structure, vertical direction Natural frequency of principal mode Natural frequency of principal mode f=1.026 Hz (Q=G) f=0.868 Hz (Q=G+p) f=1.026 Hz (Q=G) f=0.868 Hz (Q=G+p) I vibration mode I vibration mode IV vibration mode IV vibration mode III vibration mode III vibration mode II vibration mode II vibration mode 33 Some details... Some details... reinforcement plans assemblage of structures 34 Reinforcement plans Reinforcement plans Reinforcement of the pylon Reinforcement of the pylon 6R25 9R25 R16 UR10/30 UR10/30 2 1 UR10/15 3 35 Reinforcement plans Reinforcement plans Reinforcement of the main girder Reinforcement of the main girder 36 Reinforcement plans Reinforcement plans Reinforcement of the main girder Reinforcement of the main girder 37 Assembling of main girder Assembling of main girder For the accepted concept of For the accepted concept of precast precast building, during the building, during the phase of assemblage the phase of assemblage the girder relies on the temporary girder relies on the temporary bearings bearings - - yokes yokes h = p r o m e n l j i v o
( 1 5 0 0 ) h = p r o m e n l j i v o
( 5 9 0 0 ) Cev O400 Dubina zabijanja {ipa 2500 190.025 min. 5.0m / 2 9 0 0 / Cev O193 1 5 0 0 [ EMATSKI PRIKAZ J ARMA Hidrauli~ka presa Radna platforma Popre~ni presek 38 Assembling of main girder Assembling of main girder 2000 190.025 presa Hidrauli~ka Radna platforma h = p r o m e n l j i v o
( 1 5 0 0 ) h = p r o m e n l j i v o
( 5 9 0 0 ) Dubina zabijanja {ipa min. 5.0m Cev O400 / Cev O193 / 2 9 0 0 1 5 0 0 Podu`ni presek [ EMATSKI PRIKAZ J ARMA Faza betoniranja spoja montaznih nosaca h = p r o m e n l j i v o
( 1 5 0 0 ) h = p r o m e n l j i v o
( 5 9 0 0 ) 190.025 2000 min. 5.0m Dubina zabijanja {ipa Cev O400 / Cev O193 / 2 9 0 0 1 5 0 0 Radna platforma Hidrauli~ka presa Faza utezanja kosih kablova-zatega Podu`ni presek Faza utezanja poduznih kablova i [ EMATSKI PRIKAZ J ARMA 39 Pedestrian bridge over the river Pedestrian bridge over the river Ni Ni ava ava in in Ni Ni Levaobala 195.600 196.300 193.200 193.125 M.V. 190.525 190.025 193.125 197.450 195.60 Desnaobala 330 7660 4 2 0 197.319 2 % 330 196.30 1400 350 175 1400 196.396 1.375 % 350 2 5 1400 175 2 5 5 2 0 2 5 4 2 0 2 5 196.868 1400 197.116 2 % 1400 2 5 10 10 2 5 T O K 197.359 197.45