Philippines during 1953-1957

1953-1957
Nepotism was banned
Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954
The Presidential Assistant for Community Development
Agricultural Credit and Cooperative Financing Administration
1953-1957
Japan agreed to pay $800'milli0n to the Philippines over a 20-year
period.
Luis Taruc surrendered through the efforts of Benigno Aquino II
Most of the followers of Taruc surrendered except Dr. Jesus Lava(later became
the chief of the Communist Party of the Philippines).
1953-1957
To counteract the communist activities in the Philippines and the rest
of neighboring countries in the Southeast Asian region the Southeast
Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) was established in Manila. On
September 8, 1954, the SEATO, patterned after the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization (NATO) was founded with the following member-
states: Australia, France, Great Britain, New Zealand, Pakistan,
Philippines, Thailand and the United States.
1956
Senate Bill 438 was authored by Senators Jose B. Laurel Sr., and Claro
M. Recto
At the Senate
defending the bill besides Laurel and Recto were Senators Lorenzo
Tanada, Quintin Paredes, and Domocao Alonto.
Those fiercely opposed were Senators Francisco Rodrigo (who ran and
won as a Catholic candidate), Decoroso Rosales (brother of the then
Archbishop, and perhaps was related to the present Archbishop
Rosales) and Mariano Cuenco.
Senator Laurel walked out from a hearing in protest of filibustering
by those against the Rizal bill.
Senator Rosales said the church would rather close down its more
than 600 schools than allow Catholic students to read Rizal.
Senator Recto doubted they would do this because of the huge
profits church got from the schools. Recto also countered that the
schools would be nationalized if closed down.
At the House of Representatives,
identified players were Cebu Representatives Pedro Lopez and Ramon
Durano, and Pampanga Representative Emilio Cortez. Lopez favored
the Rizal bill while the positions of the last two were unclear.
They were mentioned because their passionate debate ended in a fist
fight.
Lopez also hit the hierarchy for its temerity to impose on a
Congressional committee what books should be banned in schools.
CATHOLIC CHURCH
The bishops issued a pastoral letter against the Rizal bill. The bishops
said that Rizals works violated Catholic canon law and accused Rizal
of having attacked various Church dogmas and practices.
In 1956, Bacolod City Bishop Manuel Yap threatened to campaign
against politicians favoring the Rizal bill in the following elections.
In Manila
Mayor Lacson called those against the Rizal bill bigoted and
intolerant. He also walked out of mass when the pastoral letter was
about to be read.
General Aguinaldo was equally passionate. He attacked Filipino
priests, saying that the influence of the Spanish friars was still present
and insisted on the separation of church and state.
Does any of this sound familiar?
RA. 10354
RH LAW
Original Bill
Noli and Fili as compulsory reading
Emphasis on original editions or unexpurgated
English and national language versions
Punishments: dismissal, disqualification and
withdrawal of permits
Anti Rizal Bill
Bill an attempt to discredit the Catholic religion
Inimical to the tenets of the faith
Compulsion to read something against ones faith
impairs freedom of speech and religious freedom
Final version of the bill
Included all the works and writing of and for Rizal
Emphasis on unexpurgated or original Noli and Fili
Removed the idea of compulsion by allowing
exemption
Author: Claro M. Recto
Sponsored the
Bill in the Senate: Jose P. Laurel
Signed: June 12, 1956
An act to include in the curricula of
all public and private schools,
colleges and universities courses on
the life, works and writings of Jose
Rizal, particularly his novels Noli Me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo,
authorizing the printing and
distribution thereof, and for
other purposes.
Full name of the Law
- mandates all educational
institutions in the Philippines to
offer courses about Jose Rizal
there is a need for a re-dedication to
the ideals of freedom and nationalism
for which our heroes lived and died
Honoring them, particularly the
national hero and patriot, Jose
Rizal
remember with special fondness
and devotion their lives and
works that have shaped the
national character
Important points from RA 1425:
Life, works and writings of Jose
Rizal particularly his novels Noli Me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo,
should be a constant and inspiring
source of patriotism
Important points from RA 1425:
all educational institutions are under the
supervision of, and subject to regulation
by the State, and all schools are enjoined
to develop moral character, personal
discipline, civic conscience and to teach
the duties of citizenship;
Important points from RA 1425:
Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo
- shall be included in the
curricula of all schools,
colleges and universities
- public or private
Section 1:
Noli Me Tangere and
El Filibusterismo
- In the collegiate
courses, the original or
unexpurgated editions of the
Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo shall be used as
basic texts.
Section 1:
The Board of National Education
The Board shall promulgate rules and regulations providing for the
exemption of students for reasons of religious belief stated in a
sworn written statement, from the requirement of the provision
contained in the second part of the first paragraph of this section; but
not from taking the course provided for in the first part of said
paragraph. Said rules and regulations shall take effect thirty (30) days
after their publication in the Official Gazette.
It shall be obligatory on all schools,
colleges and universities to keep in
their libraries an adequate number
of copies of the original and
expurgated editions of the Noli Me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo
Also Rizals other works and
biography.
Section 2:
The said unexpurgated editions of
the Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo or their translations in
English as well as other writings of
Rizal shall be included in the list of
approved books for required
reading in all public or private
schools, colleges and universities.
Section 2:
All schools, colleges and
universities are obligated to have
adequate number of copies of
Rizals two novels and his other
literacy pieces.
Section 2:
The National Board of Education is
assigned to translate Rizals
writings into English, Tagalog and
other principal Philippine dialects.
Section 3:
- cause them to be printed in
cheap, popular editions
- cause them to be distributed,
free of charge, to persons
desiring to read them, through
the Purok organizations and the
Barrio Councils throughout the
country.
Section 3:
Nothing in this Act shall be
construed as amendment or
repealing section nine hundred
twenty-seven of the Administrative
Code
prohibits the discussion of religious
doctrines by public school
teachers and other person
engaged in any public
school
Section 4:
A fine of three hundred pesos is
issued if the act was violated.
Section 5:
Sources:
http://dswp.org.ph/reading-materials/powerpoint-column-of-ms-
beth-angsioco/2011-2/february/rizal-course-1956-rh-2011/
www.gov.ph/1956/06/12/republic-act-no-1425/
Agoncillo T. History of the Filipino People