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NON-FI NI TE PHRASES - PRACTI CAL CLASSES 4&5

I I n the place below the sentence, underline the NPs, AdjPs and PPs.

1. His detailed description of the conductor was very funny.
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2. I have no intention of lending Dan any more money.
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3. He's got into the habit of biting his nails when he's nervous.
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4. Are you satisfied with the way that the business is being run?
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I I Each of the following sentences exhibits coordination. Is it syndetic, asyndetic or polysyndetic
coordination? The conjoins have been bracketed.

1. [Susie] and [Pippa] called for you this morning.
2. You wouldn't believe how many exams I've got. I've got [semantics] and [pragmatics] and
[sociolinguistics] and [psycholinguistics] and [syntax].
3. I'd like [ham], [eggs] and [fried bread] for breakfast.
4. It was [a happy time], [a carefree time], [a period of our lives which we will never forget].
5. I need [bread], [cheese], [eggs], and [milk].
6. [Quickly], [resolutely], he strode into the bank.
7. I need [bread] and [cheese] and [eggs] and [milk].
8. [Quickly] and [resolutely], he strode into the bank.

I I I State to which type the following sentences belong (syntactically and pragmatically)?
e.g. The car stopped at the traffic lights. DECLARATIVE SENTENCE, STATEMENT.
1. You didn't wash the dishes?
2. Would you like coffee or tea?
3. Our teacher said what?
4. Can you be quiet?
5. How many times do I have to tell you not to pick your nose!
6. Mind your own business.
7. What a mean thing to say!

IV In the following examples, determine the sentence type: simple, complex or compound. Then underline
all the subordinate clauses.
1. We took a taxi home after the theatre.
2. The policeman was not impressed by your alibi.
3. As soon as I heard the news, I rushed straight to the police.
4. Amy watches football on television, but she never goes to a game.
5. If you give your details to our secretary, we will contact you when we have a vacancy.
6. Paul likes football.
7. You can borrow my pen if you need one.
8. Paul likes football and David likes chess.
9. Tim thought that Kate believed that Jane is a liar.
10. We have to go to bed when the clock chimes 10 o'clock.
11. Jeniffer liked William's friend and she also liked his cousin.
12. Before the queen rode in a parade, she gave a speech.
13. After lunch they all went for a walk.
14. I enjoyed the apple pie that you bought for me.
15. The dog lived in the garden, but the cat, which was smarter, lived inside the house.
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V State whether the italicized verbs are finite or non-finite (verb forms):
1. Nancy does her homework every day
2. Nancy is doing her homework at the moment.
3. He has a big car.
4. The proposal has been examined today.
5. She tried to help him.
6. It is healthy to laugh problems.
7. Finding the gates widely open, the thief went inside
8. He had his car cleaned.
9. Further, some guardians were reluctant to apply the means test.
10. They were accused of wasting public money and encouraging idlers.
11. Father Groser, in recording these events, noted that the pamphlet was prefaced by a biblical text.
12. He must have lost the key.

VI Underline the complements of the predicate and state their syntactic function and their syntactic
category. Then, name the type of the verbs in the above sentences (based on verb complementation):
1. Kim gave whoever asked her some chips.
2. I found the user guide quite easy to use.
3. Mary wondered what the time was.
4. You should put your name at the top of each answer sheet.
5. John bought some flowers for Lee when she graduated.
6. John remembered leaving the book on the shelf.
7. Slowly my eyes became accustomed to the darkness.
8. Mary told me that John proposed to her.
9. I want you to help me.
10. I asked him to help me.
11. Simon put some of the things he had learned into practice.
12. I feel really guilty at forgetting her birthday again.
13. John sent a dozen red roses to his girlfriend on her birthday.
14. Amar broke a window of his grandfather's greenhouse with a football.
15. The Forestry Commission has opened a plant centre selling rare plants.

VI I Underline all the subordinate clauses, state whether they are finite or non-finite and whether they are
obligatory or optional elements inside the sentence.

1. I don't know if he is happy or said.
2. A great thing to do is fill your suitcase with market goodies.
3. Incensed by his comments, she stormed out.
4. I don't know whether to laugh or cry at his jokes. (Compare:* I don't know if to laugh or cry at his
jokes.)
5. That you were shocked is perhaps not surprising.
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6. Learning your way around London requires time and effort.
7. She made Otto polish her shoes.
8. I'd hate for him to think I wasn't interested. (SPOKEN)
9. He didn't know what to do. (He didn't know what things should be done.)
10. My teachers are very strict although they are also very supportive.
11. I'm hoping for John to arrive early today.
12. She left her husband because he physically abused her. (Compare: She left her husband because of her
jealousy.)
13. The woman standing there is my teacher.

VI I I Underline all the nominal clauses and state their syntactic function:

1. That it was done deliberately is quite clear.
2. We greatly regret that we were obliged to refuse your invitation.
3. Many people are wondering when interplanetary travel will become possible.
4. Can you explain to me where he lives?
5.

What you are attempting is really too difficult for you.
6. The hospital will greatly appreciate all you can do for the patients.
7. We were greatly amused by what you told us.
8. It seems that he is not coming to the party after all.
9. The notion that people can work less and earn more is contrary to reason.
10. They want to know when her costume would be ready.
11. 'Why did you stay out so late?' was her mother's first question.
12. Tell me which of these patterns you prefer.

I X Pick out the adjectival clauses in each of the following sentences and give antecedent:

1. Do you know anyone who wants to buy a motor-bike?
2. The bicycle which my uncle gave me was a birthday present.
3. The cakes that I bought have all been eaten.
4. The money which the man had drawn from the bank was in his pocket book.
5. The thief who had robbed the man was caught by the policeman.

X Pick out the adverbial clauses in each of the following sentences:
1. Henry did the work as it ought to be done.
2. I'll go wherever you go.
3. The thief was arrested as he was leaving the bank.
4. Since you helped me, I must do the job myself.
5. Answer this letter at once so that he may know where you are.
6. Though/Although he tried hard, he was not successful.
7.That question is easier than I thought.
8. I shan't go unless he asks me. / I shall go if he asks me.
9. He was speaking very quietly, so that it was difficult to hear what he said.

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XI What kind of clauses are the ones in italics?
1. You can do it how you like. 2. We don't know where we are going. . 3. The place where we are going
is a long way from any town.
XI I What kinds of clauses are the underlined ones?
1. I once met an extremely rich merchant called Jeremiah who was quite excessively fond of cats.
2. Whenever he went to his shops in the city, Jeremiah took one of his cats with him.
3. It is probably a poem that could be handed down in his family so that all his descendants would know
what a wonderful person he thought his grandfather was.
4. Mr. Jones is valuable for what he knows about history.
5. What you see is what you get.
6. I don't know where John is.
7. That Billy jumped off the first floor surprised everyone.
8. Although Bill couldn't swim, he jumped off the pier.
9. Billy drowned because he couldn't swim.
10. The book which I like is on the table.
11. I will never forget the day when I graduated.
12. The building where he works is new.
13. My husband asked me where my car was.
14. Some people buy expensive cars simply because they can.
15. Many people hope that Canada can resolve its economic problems.
16. The bankers need to know what they should do.
17. Which one is the person who stole your car?
18. Wherever there is a large American city, there will be poverty.
19. The books which the professor assigned were very expensive.
20. Canada might give up its marketing boards if the European Community gives up its grain subsidies.
21. That is the place where Wolfe's and Montcalm's armies fought.
22. Unless the crown can make a better case, the accused murderer will not be convicted.
23. It's important to ask whether the wedding is formal or semi-formal.
24. Jane hates when mom lectures her about hand care.