Objective of this course

The www and History of HTML

Html in Brief
Why HTML???

Objective of this course
This HTML course explores the basics of Hypertext Markup Language. This course teaches you
to how to create a basic Web page and how to create and apply HTML tags, formatting the web
page, creating headings, paragraph, and lists, adding tables to your web page and individual
characters. And creating your web page by adding images to your page and adding colors to
your HTML document.

Before going to learn this HTML first we will learn about different networks, World Wide Web
history, Web browsers and Web servers. Then we will start with basics HTML language.

Then we will learn how to create HTML tags and apply them to an HTML document. They will
learn how to create and format text in an HTML document. Then we will learn how to add
background colors to the HTML document and different ways to add colors.

Then we will start with Links, Lists and Frames in HTML. How to format Links, Lists and Frames
within an HTML document with a suitable example and scenario.

Finally we start learning with the static and dynamic documents within an HTML document and
later we will start learning with the forms in an HTML document, different forms types in HTML
document.


The www and History of HTML
World Wide Web
A group of computers connected together to exchange data between them this structure is
called as Computer Network. In this network the resource are shared effectively.
Mainly there are 3 types of Network
1. Local area network(LAN)
2. Wide area Network(WAN)
3. Metropolitan area Network(MAN)
Internet
The Internet is a huge global network connecting millions of computers together to exchange
data or information between them.
HTML history
In 1989, Timothy Bernes-Lee and other researchers at the CERN nuclear research laid the
foundation of the WWW, which allows a quick access to any resource on the Internet. They
developed a system of hypertext documents; electronic files that contain elements that you can
select. The key to hypertext is the use of links, which you activate by clicking, to move from one
topic to another. The hypertext approach has become the dominant method of sharing and
retrieving information on the Internet, known as World Wide Web.

Documents on the Web are known as Web pages. Web pages can contain images, video, sound
clips, and programs that run directly from a Web page. A Web page is stored on a Web server,
which makes the page available to users of the Web. To view the page, the users run a Web
browser installed on their computer. A Web browser is a software program that retrieves a
Web page and displays it. Browsers can either be text-based or graphical browsers. With a text-
based browser, you navigate the Web by typing commands; with a graphical browser, you use
the mouse to move from page to page.

Html in Brief
HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) is derived from the SGML (Standard Generalized Markup
Language). SGML is used widely to manage large documents that are subject to frequent
revisions and need to be printed in different formats. In HTML we can create documents that
can be rendered in different operating system in different web browsers. Documents that are
displayed are web pages (text files). A markup language tells the browser how to display the
content and format of the web pages or documents. HTML code is easy to understand for
nonprogrammers. Means even the non IT person can easily learn and develop the web pages as
HTML is easy to learn.
There are a few reasons for putting the formatting in the control of the Web browser rather
than Web server, including portability and speed. Web pages must be able to work with
different operating systems and browsers. Specifying the exact appearance of a page can
dramatically increase both size of the document file and the time required to retrieve it. HTML
uses style sheets, with which a Web designer can explicitly define the fonts and formatting the
Web browser applies to the document.

HTML has a set of rules, called syntax, that specify how document code is written. These rules
appear as a set of standards or specifications developed by a consortium of Web developers,
programmers, and authors called the World Wide Web Consortium.

Here is the list of HTML versions:-
HTML 1.0 1989-1994
HTML 2.0 1995
HTML 3.20 1997
HTML 4.0 1997-1998
HTML 4.01 1999
HTML 5 2008

Over the years each browser has added extensions to HTML that support new features. Future
Web development is focusing more on XML and XHTML languages. XML (Extensible Markup
Language) is used for developing document content using customized tags and attributes.
XHTML (Extensible HyperText Markup Language) is a stricter version of HTML, designed to
better integrate HTML with XML. To create HTML documents, you can use any text editor, an
HTML converter, or an HTML editor.

Why HTML

In HTML we have a set of codes that a website developers inserts into a plain text file to format
the content. The Developers inserts HTML tags, or commands, before and after words or
phrases to indicate their format and location on the page. HTML tags are also used to add
tables, lists, images, music, and other elements to a webpage.

Web documents contain 3 main sections:-
Head
Title
Body
The head includes the webpages identifying information, including the websites title and
important keywords. The user sees the websites title, but any other information is hidden. The
sites title appears in the browsers tab and is what appears when a user tries to bookmark a
site.
The body section is the main portion of the webpage visible to the viewer, including the text
and graphics. HTML tags are also used in two additional ways that are not visible to the viewer:
as Meta tags and comments.
Meta tags indicate keywords associated with the webpage to search engines.
Comments are intended as explanation or additional information for other writers or readers of
HTML code.

Website developers do not need to write HTML code themselves to create a webpage. Using an
HTML editor, website developer design web documents while the program writes the HTML
code. A WYSIWYG (What You See is What You Get) HTML editor is a software program with an
interface similar to a word processing program that site authors use to write and format text
and position graphics as they will appear on the webpage.

Why HTML is called as markup language

The term hypertext refers to the process of linking text to data on the internet, while markup
means modify or improve. So, HTML is called hypertext markup language because it is a
language that allows users to organize, improve the appearance of, and link text with data on
the internet.