Precast concrete.

Index.
Introduction.
Stages of the manufacturing of precast concrete.
The preparation stage.
Casting stage.
Stage sclerosis.
Advantages of precast concrete.
Additions precast concrete.
ISO International Standards Organization.

















Precast concrete manufactured in factories under conditions of quality control and methods and
manufacturing technology and not be transported to the site only after hardened and full access to the
resistance required and there are many facilities made of precast concrete and consists of many parts
precast like there are conventional concrete, including ordinary concrete and reinforced precast.


The purpose of this part is to give an idea of the precast concrete and private use PHP facilities and how
to implement different types of links and its formulations and not where the purpose is to find out
structural design of the units, it has a different area of another.






















Stages of the manufacturing of precast concrete.


Shall give the manufacturing method used architectural form is required in addition to the final
realization of all Structural requirements in terms of resistance to bending and tensile and shear, or the
like, and the specifications are identical to the method of manufacturing specification.
Shall assign an independent laboratory certified to supervise and audit the manufacturing process units
concrete.
Templates provide all the necessary disciples of Htafat edges and regulations and as indicated.
Provide templates means lifting and bracing when lifting points specified
Templates are placed inside the installation built-in templates and place exactly as specified.
Holes are made molds intensity of slots required poured inside concrete units - which is greater than the
diameter cm by Alrosmat either Aladgr holes so it can work on-site with the consent of engineers.
Before compaction rebar, Ttalyastah templates facilitates the process of removing paint from concrete
molds hardened after
Coating consists of materials that do not stick concreted not occur spots them and Bntg about Reverse
Influence of the concrete surface, as not to spoil the subsequent processing operations for concrete
surfaces required to increase the strength of cohesion or force contiguity is the paint according to the
instructions of the company producing.
Materials must be rigid templates wrenches are not twisting or convexity
As you are non-absorbent materials or closable to prevent the absorption of moisture
Spacers are canceled due to welding materials making molds to each other to the extent that they do
not reflect on the concrete or deformation of the surface appearance of the Terminator.
Templates court or be impermeable to prevent the diversion of mortar or cement paste them during
casting.
Reservation and stored up in the factory, molds used to produce the elements that we identify from
precast concrete and that there is no longer need them for the requirements of other production, in
order to be reused for the production of modules that can be re-request Tsnieha is maintained on these
templates until the completion of the production and installation of all precast concrete elements, but
only if approved engineer on the other.
The concrete cover over the reinforcing
Finishing the final termination
Note characterization and reference to special terminations in project specifications
Must be pre-cast concrete units, sharp edges and minute size and irregularly shaped molds well
established specific appearance unless otherwise stated.
Units are precast concrete phenomenon is visible in its final match to end architectural concrete as
required.
Units are free of bumps and blemishes and matching in terms of shape and resistance to the design
requirements set
Surfaces that will hide be free of any holes increases mm in diameter
Surfaces of units that will be repainted with materials unlike paint suitable for the intended purpose and
free of any layer predecessor with the process of cohesion or adhesion layer coating processing.
The Contractor shall conduct initial processing of fresh concrete and secondary treatment process for
concrete hardened units and precast elements in order to achieve the specified compressive strength of
concrete that.
Must unify the ways and methods of treatment architectural concrete precast with roads and the
methods used in the treatment of architectural concrete cast in situ, especially if those concrete
contiguous origin and to prevent the occurrence of any change in color due to the difference in
treatment processes followed this and take into account only occur treatment followed stains on
surfaces or with an adverse effect on the properties of adhesion and cohesion of the coating material or
so with the surface of the concrete needed to treat or painted.
The process of disarmament templates concrete units modern casting and handled in a manner to
prevent the occurrence of excessive stresses where the numbering.
Numbering elements precast during the manufacturing number element as shown in the drawings
approved, and codifies the history of casting valuable position not be faithful visible after installation,
such as the top piece or bottom or top face specific requirements for lifting the transport and handling
and assembly units concrete prior casting.
These units are made of concrete with normal weight or lightweight concrete or aerated concrete as
required.
Tile floor and ceilings and walls and units made of precast concrete cell be identical or similar to the
specifications.
Be arming precast concrete, a construction-armed or prior stress or as specified process is delayed
tightening prestressed concrete units until you reach the resistance of concrete to no less than design
strength of cylindrical samples, which have been selected in the laboratory.
Shall provide additional units of arming for transportation and handling operations.
Must coordinate with the rest of the other sections for installation of items that must be cast with
precast units when manufactured.
Sizes are stated and individual classification and characteristics of the units in the first project schedules
quantities anywhere else.
The first phase preparation phase.
They include the choice of materials consisting design concrete admixtures needed storage component
materials processing and preparation of chopping required for the cast and finally to prepare the
necessary quantities of pouring one by casting rates and compaction and site conditions.


Phase II stage of casting.
And is the stage that includes concrete mixing and transported and placed in the chopping and
compacted and settlement and surface finishing.


Phase III stage sclerosis.
And is the stage of the treatment and removal of chopping and smoothing concrete.


Important properties of the previous stages.

Purpose.
The width of the concrete mixing process is to obtain a homogeneous mixture of hand shape and
textures and mixing process can be in the picture dry or moist.

Completion of the mixing process.
The mixing process is either by hand or by mechanical mixers.

Confusing manual
The manual is confusing pallet work on non-porous surface level where it is in the form of brushes sand
layer thickness of CM then brushes mare is the amount of sand boil is then mixed by hand Alchrikat and
then for a gravel and flipping with the addition of water during the mixing process and flipping until
access to the homogeneous mixture in color and textures



Mechanical mixing.
Since the manual needs to be confused with a great effort and he is unable to secure the required
quantities of mixing and facilities for large-sized so it became necessary to use mechanical mixers.

Mechanical mixing characteristics are summarized as follows
Get a mixture of concrete and homogeneous in color and textures with less cost, without interest.
Concrete get more susceptible to the operation and thus improve the properties of concrete resistance
and withstand time and reduce permeability.
The possibility of the use of dry blends with lower proportion of cement in order to increase the
resistance of concrete to the maximum extent possible.

Place confused.
The mixing process can be carried out either on-site or in the next project Mixers centralized or during
the process of the so-called NFL concrete transit mixers.

Mixing time.
The mixing time required for the mixing process depends on several factors, including:
The amount of packaging required mixing.
Type and properties of the constituent materials.
Ratio of water to cement.










Effect of preparation confused.
Experiments showed that after a period of confusion about an hour to an hour and a half after the first
mixing works to improve the resistance of concrete to some extent while minimizing the effects of
volumetric changes at the same time the impact of relay concrete components.
Been observed that the order and sequence mixing concrete components different from cement and
sand and gravel and water affect the resistance of concrete that have the same proportions and under
the same conditions of the blood and Almaljh this and have found that the best mixing is in which they
are mixing cement with sand first and then Add the water and then adding gravel confused afterwards.

Transport concrete.
Many methods are used to transport concrete and Manahltha confusing to put it in the chopping.
The most common methods in use for the transfer and handling of concrete are barrows lorries.
Hoppers sewer conveyor belts concrete pumps with pipelines.
The process of transfer and correct handling concrete must meet the following requirements:
Speed in the transfer does not become concrete until the concrete is dry and lose its ability to run pre-
cast into chopping.
Work to reduce the phenomenon of separation particleboard as much as possible and to avoid damage
arising out of it.
Control in the rates of concreting in chopping so as not to affect the transfer process on the
configuration the weak areas or breaks casting undesirable.

Concreting.
Considered and blood pour concrete ring of the most important processes important in the concrete
industry and get a good product so precautions must work through a process of crisis concreting.








And which can be summarized as follows:
Before pouring the concrete must be blood through the surface of the soil Gunn Herasat shakers or
spraying with water, so as to prevent the absorption of part of the concrete water this soil.
When you pour boiling Concrete Concrete modern old must Tnatif surface of all loose material.
Must be free rebar Net Zyoud and grease and rust and clay materials and outstanding so clean it with a
brush of the wire or any other means.
Must be concreting valuable and constantly chopping rates prevent secession or granular or nesting
levels and weak before the primary suspicion Cement.
Must be moved and concrete poured in place and that the final Bafaram layers are compacted before
pouring the next layer to it.
When you pour concrete in the frame as deep as is the case in the columns should not be throwing
concrete from a significant rise about meters and the maximum extent in order to avoid lack of
separation of granular and nesting for concrete or concrete smashed chopping a result of the pressures
of the big.
When you pour concrete underwater must work necessary precautions and ways not to use the washing
of cement concrete.

Businessman wrenches.
Must be formed according to the shape and surface of the sector and the structural element to be
poured on that this Court wrenches and impermeable to deliberately cement which in addition to its
strength and resistance to Gesatha loads resulting from the casting process without distortion or
dislodge them.
This chopping and should be sprayed or painted light oil before pouring concrete and so as not to absorb
the amount of water in the mixture should be cleaned as in the case of this chopping reused again.









The time of the removal of chopping.
The removal of chopping time is after a specific time period after the pouring of concrete and Aahmal
located on the structural element Cast.

Blood concrete.
After putting in place the required concrete inside formic need your blood it requires concrete well by
skilled technicians familiar with them and in such acts and that immediately after the cast and the main
purpose of the process of blood concrete is to expel trapped air and pneumatic vacuums reduce to less
extent possible in order to obtain concrete with a maximum density possible in addition to increasing
the strength of cohesion between the concrete components on the one hand and between the concrete
and steel reinforcement on the other hand.

Manual method.
And is the way is the use of iron bars or wooden and that in normal situations and moments in the wet
textures and that each of the concrete poured on site or previous casting.

Mechanical methods.
And are performed using shakers and often used in construction works and the big and important that it
is intended to obtain a good and concrete with high resistance and that of concrete poured on site or
otherwise increase the previous resistance and is molding, especially dry mixes textures where you can
get the advantages are numerous.
Increasing resistance with time and with reduced permeability of concrete volumetric changes resulting
from this and disadvantages of the use of mechanical shakers are the increase in the cost per cubic
meter, where it requires high intensities of stiffness compared to manual blood.