qeTevan genebaSvili

svanuri xalxuri poeziis nimuSTa inglisurenovani Targmanebi

saanalizod warmovadgenT CaTu guJeJianisa da mikolas palmaitisis naSroms
"Upper Svan: Grammar and Texts" (vilniusi, 1986), romelic Sesrulebulia inglisur ena-
ze. masSi gramatikuli mimoxilvis Semdeg mocemulia svanuri teqstebi, rogorc Tana-
medrove cocxali metKvelebis, ise xalxuri poeziis nimuSebi.
wignSi warmodgenilia ori leqsi _ `naTela~ da `Sdugvi, Sdugvi~. pirveli maTga-
ni Cawerilia laxamuleli (balsqvemoeli) ali daviTianis mier, xolo meore _ lenJe-
reli (balszemoeli) sebi guledanis mier 1939 wels.
inglisurenovani Targmanebi, ZiriTadad, Sesrulebulia maGalxarisxovnad, dacu-
lia zedmiwevniT Sesabamisoba originalTan, oGond zogierT SemTxvevaSi adgili aqvs
garkveul uzustobas:
naTela mTargmnels qalad warmoudgenia, rasac adasturebs teqstis inglisur va-
riantSi gamoKenebuli mdedrobiTi sqesis aGmniSvneli nacvalsaxelebi:
"Natela reached her hase";
"To-day close behind her it has followed:"
"She began shair - reciting:
"She kindly entreats it: "
"Player - adoration she will do,
A person of each home of the village she will invite",
"The serpent's neck she hit" (C. guJeJiani, l. palmati, 1986, gv. 144).
Cveni azris gansamtkiceblad sailustraciod movitanT zemo svaneTis sofel far-
Si 1923 wels Cawerili simGeris `naTelad i segzild (svanuri poezia, 1939, gv. 304-
307). (`naTela da segzildi~) teqsts, sadac orive personaji mamakacia. es rom asea,
sruliad naTelia maqsime qaldanis mier 104 wlis nikoloz xorguanisagan sofel
ykidanarSi Cawerili masalidan:
segz i naTelad mekvhe laxvba lˆmrx (svanuri prozauli teqstebi, 1957, gv.11)
_ segzi da naTela ganTqmuli Zmebi Kofilan.
rogorc sasimGero, ise prozauli teqsti Cawerilia bals qvemoT, oGond pirvel
maTganSi orive sakuTari saxeli kninobiTobis formiTaa warmodgenili (naTeld i
segzild), Tumca paralelurad amosavali saxec (naTeli _ naTela, naTeliS _ na-
Telasi, segziS _ segzis) gvxvdeba. rac Seexeba beCos TemSi fiqsirebul masalas, aq
mxolod naTelad gamoiKeneba, meore Zmis saxels ki arasodes axlavs kninobiTobis ma-
warmoebeli morfema (Sdr.sax.br. segz, mic.br.segzs). igive viTarebaa C. guJeJianisa da
m. l. palmaitisis gramatikaze darTul laxamulur teqstSic (Sdr. sax.br. naTel,
mic.br.naTels, nanaTesaobiTari viTar.br. naTelSv _ e.i. arsad ar gvxvdeba knino-
biTis sufiqsi, ramac, Cveni azriT, gamoiwvia Secdoma, Tumca konteqstis mixedviT gve-
leSapTan mebrZol vajkacTan gvaqvs saqme).
faruli simGeris teqstSi gveleSaps segzi1 eomeba, xolo naTela Sin msxverpls
swiravs Tavis naTlias _ qristes.
lapˆrwmiCu (`samareSi~) Targmnilia, rogorc "under" the cartridge -case bag" _
`vaznis masris CanTis qveS", rac mTlad zusti ar aris da mkiTxvelSi garkveul gau-
gebrobas iwvevs.
qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikonis mixedviT masras ori mniSvneloba aqvs:
1. masrebi Coxis mkerdze sagangebo budeebSi samkaulad CawKobili cilindruli
mokle Geroebia. Zvelad aseT Gru GeroebSi TiTo gasrola Tofis wamals da tKvia-
safants inaxavdnen.
2. daclili vazna.
rac Seexeba samasres, igi masrebis CasawKobia, romlis sinonimad qarTuli enis
ganmartebiT leqsikonSi dasaxelebulia CanTa. xevsurulsa da TuSur dialeqtebSi es
leqsema ixmareba mravlobiTis formiT; samasraeniºJibani, (al. yinyarauli, 1960, gv.
265). aleqsi yinyaraulis ganmartebiT, qilebis CasawKobi wvrili `Jibeebia~, Coxis
ubeebze mikerebuli. masraSi CawKobili iKo kajiani Tofis erTi gasrola wamali, xo-
lo Semdeg samasraeni Coxis samkaulad iqca. TuSurSi masra igive Kawimia _ samasre-
ebSi CawKobili Tofis wamlis qilaa (giorgi cocaniZis ganmartebiT), Kawimi ki poli-

1
Targmaniseuli segzildi unda gaswordes
semanturi sitKvaa da misi erT-erTi mniSvnelobaa Coxis masrebi, movercxlili da
vercxlis ZewkvebiT Semkuli (qegl).
la-pˆr-wùm-i-Cu Tandebuliani formaa da Tu qarTulTan zust Sesabamisobas da-
vicavdiT, aJobebda, ase gveTargmna: sa-pir-is-waml-e-Si. svanuri -Cu unda Targmnili-
Ko, rogorc -Si (in), magram gvaqvs under _ qveS.
gansakuTrebuli KuradGeba miiqcia sxvaTa sitKvis eser da roqv nawilakianma
formebma:
enaTa umravlesobaSi naTqvamis gadmocema orgvarad xdeba: pirdapiri da iribi
formiT. rodesac pirdapir naTqvams sitKva-sitKviTi nawilakebi axlavs, igi Sesabamisi
pirebis mixedviT nawildeba. aseTive viTarebaa qarTul enaSic.
am mxriv svanuri garkveul Taviseburebas iCens. aq eser da roq[v] nawilakiani
sxvisi naTqvamis formebi, ZiriTadad, mesame piris konstruqciebs Seesabameba. xSirad
konteqstis mixedviT xdeba pirTa diferenciacia. magaliTad:
eJ Txeril roq miC oTdagra _ is mgeli me movkalio (`mas mouklavso~) _ sv.
poezia, 274, 22;
Cid roq xocxa _ Kvelafers mirCevniao (`urCevniao~) _ iqve , 276, 40...
`sxvisi naTqvamis III pirTan dakavSireba ar unda iKos maincdamainc uCveulo ambavi.
rogorc Cans, am SemTxvevaSi marto gramatika ar wKvets saqmes. TiTqos raGac fsiqo-
logiuri faqtoric iCens Tavs. SesaZloa, sxvaTa sitKva Tavdapirvelad mxolod III pi-
ris naTqvams gulisxmobda, rakiGa sxvebis naTqvamia da, rogorc wesi, viGac sxvas (da
ara me an Sen), e.i. III pirs ekuTvnis" (CantlaZe, 1969, gv. 134).
rogorc cnobilia, Zvel qarTulSi sxvis naTqvams III piris gamomxatveli -o nawi-
laki gadmoscemda, iSviaTia -meTqi da -Tqo. mesame piris naTqvamis gadmomcemi -v nawi-
laki (< -î < -o) ixmareba ingilour, TuSursa da xevsurul kiloebSi. aseve, gurulsa
da imerulSi -meTqin nawilakTan erTad I piris naTqvams -Tqva-c gadmoscems.
rogorc vxedavT, III piris formebs erTgvari upiratesoba eniyeboda qarTulSic,
Tumca KovelTvis naTqvamis Sesabamisi piris formiT iKo warmodgenili.
varlam Tofuriasa da TinaTin SaraZeniZis azriT, eser da roqv nawilakebi zmnis
pirveli da meore piris formebs ver igueben, mesame pirs moiTxoven, (v. Tofuria, T.
SaraZeniZe, Tb., 1946, gv.290.), xolo iza CantlaZis Tvalsazrisis mixedviT, rogorc
Zveli svanuri xalxuri simGerebis enaSi, ise Tanamedrove cocxal metKvelebaSi iSvia-
Tad, magram mainc eser da roq[v] nawilakebTan dasturdeba I da II piris konstruqci-
ebi. gansakuTrebiT xSiria roq[v] nawilaki I da II piris naTqvamTa Sesabamis konstruq-
ciebTan, xolo eser Jer kidev sakmaod mKaria svanurisaTvis sruliad bunebriv da,
rogorc Cans, ufro Zvel _ mesame piriseul konstruqciaSi (i. CantlaZe, 1969, gv.
136).
leqsSi `naTela~ gvxvdeba iseTi eser da roq vž nawilakiani formebi, romlebSic igulisxmeba I da II
piris naTqvami, magram konstruqcia mesame piriseulia., xolo qarTul variantSi warmodgenilia is
konstruqcia, romelic svanur sxvis naTqvamSi igulisxmeba, rac Seexeba inglisurs, aq mocemulia svanuris
pirdapiri Targmani (e. i. samive SemTxvevaSi III piris konstruqciaa), mxolod erTi winadadebaa
Targmnili II piris konstruqciiT:
`a, xolo eser Ji zural,
Kor-laƒvra xoCamdoGv aCvmin!
xola muSˆvri eser bac xarx,
l di yˆSxji miC roq x GvJa...~
`aba, Se qalo,
kar-fanJara kargad mixure!
av stumars moveliTo,
dGes fexdafex me momdevdao...~ (sv. poezia, gv. 242_243).

"Come along, oh woman,

The door – windows shut well!
They have a bad guest possible,
To-day close behind her it has followed".
(Upper Svan: Grammar and Texts, gv.144).

`mdilSv eser xeƒ¸rl,

qa oGv esvqax qorxenqa!
limzur _ didbs eser iCo,
TviT sofels isg' eser whi~.
 `madliT gexvewebio,
gamecale saxlidano!
locva-didebas gadavixdio,
sofelSi komlze TiTo kacs Semovipatijebo~
(sv.poezia, gv.244-245).
"She kindly entreats it,
It should go away from the house!
Prayer - adoration she will do,
A person of each home of the village she will invite"
(Upper Svan: Grammar and Texts, gv.144)
leqsSi `Sdugvi, Sdugvi~ (`Tagvo, Tagvo~) ar aris Setanili Sesabamisad svanuri
teqstis 28-31-e striqonebi:
`cicvr JemSgvrx m‰? _ dŠsa xoc¸xd.
iTq lqvTrT ŠsGr', ŠCqas JeGvyinül ma?
_ meGvyinül, mare ji deS miTxi: nmCoS lsgid kvetŒl gar x‰r.
qverwils Soma xiCom? _ xaxperi m‹Svisga~.
`katebi Tu gestumrebian? _ ver gvagneben.
marcvlis mosaparavad rom midixar, maSin Tu mogdevs?
_ momdevs, magram ver mpoulobs: siberis gamo mxedveloba cota aqvs.
qorwils rodis iqm? _ xaxperas kviraSi~.
(ix. sv. poezia, gv.256-257).
zogJer svanuri xalxuri leqsis inglisuri Targmani ufro zustia, vidre Sesaba-
misi qarTuli: Sukvlisga lebild axvia _ `gzaSi mZivi gipovia~, Sdr ”on the road you
have found a small bead”.
leb-ild kninobiTis formaa, amitomac qarTul TargmanSi unda KofiliKo `pata-
ra mZivi" (Sdr. inglisuris a small bead). rogorc vxedavT, svanurSi organuli warmo-
eba (-ild sufiqsiani) gvaqvs, xolo inglisurSi _ aGweriTi.
amrigad, metad saKuradGeboa mikolas palmaitisis inglisurenovani Targmanebi,
Tumca, rogorc davinaxeT, Zveli svanuri xalxuri simGerebis teqstis mTargmnelise-
ulma gaazrebam garkveuli komentarebi gamoiwvia.

damowmebuli literatura
C. g u J e J i a n i , m. l. p a l m a i t i , 1986 _ Ch. Gudjegiani, M. L. Palmaitis, Upper Svan:
Grammar and Texts, Vilnus, 1986.
v. T o f u r i a , 1967 _ b. Š%C3!, , q"=…“*, L ƒ/*, …=!%ä%" qqqp, Š. V, l%“*"=,
1967.
svanuri poezia, 1939 _ svanuri poezia, I, simGerebi Sekribes da qarTulad Targmnes a.
SaniZem, v. Tofuriam, m. guJeJianma, Tb., 1939.
svanuri prozauli teqstebi, 1957 _ svanuri prozauli teqstebi, II, balsqvemouri kilo, Tb., 1957.
T. S a r a Z e n i Z e , 1946 _ T. SaraZeniZe, uarKofiTi nawilakebi svanurSi, ike, I, Tb., 1946.
i. C a n t l a Z e , 1969 _ i. CantlaZe, Zveli svanuri xalxuri simGerebis enisa da cocxali
metKvelebis SepirispirebiTi analizi (sakandidato disertacia), Tb., 1969.
al. y i n y a r a u l i , 1960 _ al. yinyarauli, xevsureTis Taviseburebani, Tb., 1960.
 K. Genebashvili
The English Translations of the Specimens of Svan Folk Poetry

Summary

Chato Gudjedjiani`s and Mikolas Palmaitis` book "Upper Svan: Grammar and Texts" (Vilnius, 1986)
is a very interesting investigation, that consists of the examples of modern Svan speech and ancient
songs. The English version of Svan songs principally accords the original. It has been performed with the
best quality, but there are some mistakes in certain cases: e.g. Natela, a famous brave man in Svan
folklore, have been represented as a woman in the translation.
The third person constructions of indirect speech, which is typical for the Svan language is
immutable in English.
It must be added that the Diminutive forms is more exact in English, than in Georgian.