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Cable-Stayed Bridges
The Cable-Stayed Bridge is specially suited in the span range o 200 to 500!
and thus pro"ides a transition bet#een the continuous bo$ girder bridge and the
stiened suspension cable% &t #as de"eloped in 'est (er!any in the post#ar years
in eort to sa"e steel #hich #as then in short supply% The #ide application o high
strength steels) the cable-stayed bridge has been acilitated in recent years by the
a"ailability o high strength steels) the adoption o orthotropic dec*s using ad"anced
#elding techni+ues and the use o analysis o highly indeter!inate structures% The
!ain co!ponents o a cable-stayed bridge are, -i.&nclined cables) -ii.To#er) and
-iii./rthotropic dec*s% &n a si!ple or!) the cables pro"ided abo"e the dec* and
connected to the to#ers #ould per!it eli!ination o indeter!inate piers acilitating a
larger #idth or purposes o na"igation% The dec* can be supported by a nu!ber o
cables in a an or! -!eeting in bunch at the to#er. or in a harp or! -0oining at
dierent le"els on the to#er.% The use o !ultiple cables #ould acilitate s!aller
distances bet#een points o supports or dec* girder) resulting in reduced structural
depth% The cables are designed and prestressed in such a !anner that the structure
#ill beha"e si!ilar to a continuous bea! on rigid supports% Because o the da!ping
eect o inclined cables) the cable stayed dec*s are less prone to #ind-induced
oscillations than suspension bridges%
The cables !ay be arranged in one plane as in 1orderelbe bridge) in t#o
"ertical planes as in Stro!sund or 2usseldor bridges) or in t#o inclined planes as in
Se"erin bridge% The single-plane syste! has the ad"antage the anchorage at dec*
le"el can be acco!!odated in the traic !edian resulting in the least "alue o
re+uired total #idth o dec*% 'ith the t#o plane syste!) additional #idths are needed
to acco!!odate the to#ers and dec* anchorage% Aesthetically) the single-plane
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syste! is !ore attracti"e as this aords an unobstructed "ie# on one side or the
!otorist% &n the case o a t#o-plane syste! o cables) a side "ie# o the bridge #ould
gi"e the i!pression o intersection o the cables% The t#o inclined plane syste! o
cable #ith the cables radiating three di!ensional structural peror!ance o the
superstructure and reduces the torsional oscillations o the dec* due to #ind% The
tor+ue due to eccentric concentrated loads #ould necessitate the use o bo$ section
orthotropic dec* or the single-plane syste!% The dec*ing is generally o orthotropic
plate syste! #ith bo$ girders or the t#o-plane syste! also) but can be o prestressed
concrete girders as in 3aracaibo bridge in 4ene5uela and 6oechest bridge o"er 3ain
ri"er in 'est (er!any%
The cables are o preor!ed) prestressed) gal"ani5ed loc*ed-coil type% These
cables possess greater protection against corrosion and increased resistance to
e$tension% The latter property is i!portant in cable-stayed bridges) as increased
e$tension #ould result in higher bending !o!ents and larger structural depth o
bridge dec*% The slope o the cable aects the height o the to#ers% &t is nor!al to
pro"ide additional heights or the to#ers abo"e the point o connection o the cables
or architectural reasons) as in 1orderlbe bridge -in this case) as a tribute to the city
athers.%
Besides structural considerations) aesthetics play a i!portant part in the selection o
the particular shape o the to#er% 7or e$a!ple) the pro$i!ity o Cologue cathedral
inluenced the adoption o A-ra!e or the Se"erin Bridge%
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