Take g-10m/s^-2

Give answers to 2 significant figures.

Formulas and calculations required for all answers.
A racing bike is being put through its paces on a straight stretch of road by a stunt
man. The following velocity-time graph was obtained upon analysis of the bikes
performance characteristics:

1.
a) Calculate the distance travelled by the bike during the first 40 seconds.
To calculate the distance, it equals the area under the graph from 0sec to 40 sec. The
area is made of 2 trapezoids, one from 0sec to 30sec and the other from 30sec to 40sec.

Area of a trapezoid: (base 1 + base 2) x height
- 0-30sec Trapezoid = (10 + 30) x 60 = 1200m
- 30-40sec Trapezoid = (40 + 60) x 10 = 500m

Total area = area of 2 trapezoids = 1200 + 500 = 1700m

b) What was the acceleration of the bike after it started from rest?
(i) 5seconds
Acceleration = v/t = slope of the velocity-time graph
= slope of the graph for the first 20sec, which is positive
= (60m/s

0 m/s)/(20sec 0sec)
= 3.0 m/s
2
positive acceleration
(ii) 22seconds
Acceleration = v/t = slope of the velocity-time graph
= slope of the graph from 20-30sec, which is zero
= (60m/s 60m/s)/(30sec 20sec)
= 0 m/s
2
constant velocity, so no acceleration
(iii) 50seconds
Acceleration = v/t = slope of the velocity-time graph
= slope of the graph from 30-60sec, which is negative
= -2.0m/s
2
negative acceleration

2. On the Pentecost Islands there is an initiation rite called land diving. The islanders
jump from a high platform with a rope made of vines attached to their ankles. The ropes
are designed to bring the land divers to a stop just centimeters above the ground after
they have fallen.
a) Calculate the velocity of a land diver assuming he starts from rest, falls 25meters, and
that friction is negligible.
v = 2gd
v = 2*(10m/s
2
)*(25m)
v = 22 m/s
b) How long does it take for the diver to fall the 25meters under the influence of gravity?
t = 2d/g
t = 2*(25m)/(10m/s
2
)
t = 2.2sec
After travelling 25meters the vines attached to the land divers ankles start to stretch and
cause the land diver to decelerate and come to a stop. The vine stretches by
50centimeters.
c) Calculate the magnitude of the deceleration of the land diver whilst stopping.
v
f
2
= v
i
2
+ 2ad
v
f
= 0m/s
v
i
= 22m/s
d = 0.5m

0 = (22m/s)
2
+ 2a(0.5m)
-484m
2
/s
2
= 1m*(a)
-484m/s
2
= a
or 484m/s
2
downward
3. A block on the end of a string 3meters long is swung in an anticlockwise horizontal
circle with a constant speed of 5m/s. You are looking down (birds-eye view) on to this
horizontal circle.

a) On the diagram above draw, using arrows, the instantaneous velocity of the block at
the South (S) position and at the East (E) position.
See diagram.
b) What is the change in velocity (magnitude and direction) of the block as its motion
changes from the south (S) position to the East (E) position in its circular path?
v =(5m/s)
2
+ (5m/s)
2
= 7.1m/s towards the center of the circle
See diagram.

4. A car of mass 800kg accelerates from rest to 20m/s in 8.0s. The resistance forces
acting on the car total 1000N.
a) Draw a well labeled diagram showing all forces acting on the car. Clearly show the
point of application of each force, ie, show where each force starts.
See diagram
b) Calculate the driving force being provided by the engine of the car.
Acceleration (a) = v/t = (20m/s 0m/s)/(8sec) = 2.5m/s
2


F = F
D
F
R
= ma, where F
D
is the driving force and F
R
is the resistive force.
F
D
1000N = (800kg)(2.5m/s
2
)
F
D
= 2000N + 1000N
F
D
= 3000N

5. A water-skier of mass 70kg is accelerating at 2.5 m/s
2
. The tension T in the rope due
to the boat that pulls the skier is 200N. See over page.


a) On the diagram above, draw and label two arrows that show the action-reaction forces
acting on the rope between the boat and the skier. Use the letters A for action, and R
for reaction next to your arrows.
See diagram.
b) Complete the two sentences below, which describe the action-reaction pair above.
Action: The force of the boat pulling on the skier
Reaction: The force of the skier pulling on the boat
c) Calculate the magnitude (size) of the drag (resistance) forces acting on the skier.
F
D
= T ma
= 200N (70kg)(2.5m/s
2
)
= 25 N

6. A toy car of mass 50grams travels down a smooth incline at 30 degrees to the
horizontal. Friction may be ignored.
a) Calculate the net force acting on the car as it rolls down the slope.
Sum of the forces= F= ma = mg (sin)
= (0.05kg)*(10m/s
2
)*(sin(30))
= 0.25N
See diagram.
b) Calculate the force of the incline on the car as it travels down the slope.
The force of the incline on the car is perpendicular to the slope of the incline and it is
the normal force, F
N
.
See diagram.
F
N
= mg (cos)
= (0.05kg)*(10m/s
2
)*(cos(30))
= 0.43N

7. A car drives off a 40m high cliff at 20m/s horizontally as shown below.

a) How long does the car take to land?
See diagram.
x = ?
v
xi
= 20m/s
v
xf
= 20m/s
a
x
= 0 m/s
2

y = 40m
v
yi
= 0m/s
v
yf
= ?
a
y
= -10m/s
2


Now calculate the time.
y = v
yi
(t) + a
y
(t
2
)
-40m = 0(t) + (-10m/s
2
)(t
2
)
-40m = -5m/s
2
(t
2
)
8s
2
= t
2
2.8s = t
b) How far does it land from the base of the cliff?
Using the table from above and time calculated. Solve for x.
x = v
xi
(t) + a
x
(t
2
)
= (20m/s)(2.8s) + (0m/s
2
)(2.8s)
2

= 56m
c) Using vertical and horizontal velocity components, what is the cars velocity just before
it lands? State the magnitude and direction (Use formula(s), calculations and a vector
diagram)
See diagram.
Horizontal velocity component = 20m/s, right
Vertical velocity component = 10m/s, down for each second
Vertical velocity after 2.8s => v
f
= v
i
+ a(t)
v
f
= 0 + (-10m/s
2
)(2.8s)= -28m/s or 28m/s downward

The cars velocity after 2.8s:
v* = v
x
2
+ v
y
2

= (20m/s)
2
+ (28m/s)
2

= 34m/s
Direction of the cars motion after 2.8s: tan = v
y
/v
x
= 34/20 ---- > = 60 to the
horizontal
Final answer: 34m/s downward or 60 to the horizontal

8. A catapult launches a marble, of mass 100grams at 25m/s at an angle of 30 degrees
above the horizontal.

a) What is the maximum height reached by the marble?
Draw a right triangle with the smallest angle = 30. Label the hypotenuse 25m/s and
the side opposite the angle v
yi
.
To solve for v
yi
:
sin 30 = opposite/hypotenuse = v
yi
/(25m/s)
v
yi
= 12.5m/s

To calculate the height, we used the same right triangle:
(v
yf
)
2
= (v
yi
)
2
+ 2ad
y
d
y
= (v
yf
2
v
yi
2
)/2a
d
y
= (0
2
12.5
2
)/2(-10m/s
2
)
d
y
= 7.8m
b) What is the time of flight of the marble?
x = ?
v
xi
= 22m/s
v
xf
= 22m/s
a
x
= 0 m/s
2

y = 7.8m (max height)
v
yi
= 12.5m/s
v
yf
= ?
a
y
= -10m/s
2

y = v
yi
(t) + a(t
2
)
0 = (12.5m/s)(t) + (-10m/s
2
)(t
2
)
-12.5m/s = (-5m/s
2
)(t)
2.5s = t
What is the magnitude and direction of the accelerations of the marble at: (Answers +
one dot-point explanation required)
(i) X => horizontal acceleration (a
x
) = 0m/s
2
Right; vertical acceleration (a
y
) = 10m/s
2

Down
(ii) Y => horizontal acceleration (a
x
) = 0m/s
2
Right; vertical acceleration (a
y
) = 10m/s
2

Down
(iii) Z => horizontal acceleration (a
x
) = 0m/s
2
Right; vertical acceleration (a
y
) = 10m/s
2

Down

There is no horizontal acceleration for all three points because the horizontal
velocity of the marble is constant and because there is no horizontal force, the
acceleration is zero. The vertical acceleration for any projectile including this one
is always 10m/s
2
, downward due to the force of gravity.

9. A tennis ball of mass 100g hits the wall horizontally at 8.0m/s east and rebounds at
6.0m/s. The contact time with the wall is 0.07s.
a) Calculate the impulse on the ball by the wall.
m
ball
= 0.1kg
v
ball(i)
= 8m/s East
v
ball(f)
= 6m/s West
Momentum (p) = m x v, where m = mass and v = velocity
Impulse (I) = p = m
ball
(v
ball(f)
) m
ball
(v
ball(i)
) = (0.1kg) (-6m/s) (0.1kg)(8m/s)
= -1.4kg(m/s)
= 1.4 Ns West
b) Calculate the change in momentum of the ball.
p = m
ball
(v
ball(f)
) m
ball
(v
ball(i)
) = (0.1kg) (-6m/s) (0.1kg)(8m/s)
= -1.4kg(m/s)
= 1.4kg(m/s) West

See diagram.
State the magnitude and direction for a) and b)
A vector diagram, formula(s) and calculations required.
10. Calculate:
a) The force exerted on the ball by the wall
F = m x a = p/t
F = -1.4 kg(m/s)/0.07s
F = -20N
F
wall on ball
= 20N West
b) The force exerted on the wall by the ball
F
ball on wall
= 20N East
Because there is an equal and opposite reaction to every action, the ball exacts the same
amount of force in the opposite direction.
State the magnitude and direction for a) and b)
Formulas and calculations required.