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I TABL E 1 .

3
Conversion Factors from BG and EE Units to SI
To Convert from to Multiply by
Acceleration
Area
Density
Energy Btu J
J 1.356
Force lb N 4.448
Length ft m
in. m
mile m
Mass lbm kg
slug kg
Power W 1.356
hp W
Pressure in. Hg
Specific weight
Temperature
K
Velocity
Viscosity (dynamic)
Viscosity (kinematic)
Volume flowrate
If more than four-place accuracy is desired, refer to Appendix A.
a
6.309 E 5
m
3

s gal

min 1gpm2
2.832 E 2 m
3

s ft
3

s
9.290 E 2 m
2

s ft
2

s
4.788 E 1 N s

m
2
lb s

ft
2
4.470 E 1 m

s mi

hr 1mph2
3.048 E 1 m

s ft

s
5.556 E 1 R
T
C
15

92 1T
F
322 C F
1.571 E 2 N

m
3
lb

ft
3
6.895 E 3 N

m
2
lb

in.
2
1psi2
4.788 E 1 N

m
2
lb

ft
2
1psf2
3.377 E 3 N

m
2
160 F2
7.457 E 2
ft lb

s
1.459 E 1
4.536 E 1
1.609 E 3
2.540 E 2
3.048 E 1
ft lb
1.055 E 3
5.154 E 2 kg

m
3
slugs

ft
3
1.602 E 1 kg

m
3
lbm

ft
3
9.290 E 2 m
2
ft
2
3.048 E 1 m

s
2
ft

s
2
Units
a
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I TABL E 1 . 4
Conversion Factors from SI Units to BG and EE
To Convert from to Multiply by
Acceleration 3.281
Area
Density
Energy J Btu
J
Force N lb
Length m ft 3.281
m in.
m mile
Mass kg lbm 2.205
kg slug
Power W
W hp
Pressure in. Hg
Specific weight
Temperature
K 1.800
Velocity 3.281
2.237
Viscosity (dynamic)
Viscosity (kinematic)
Volume flowrate
If more than four-place accuracy is desired, refer to Appendix A.
a
1.585 E 4
gal

min 1gpm2 m
3

s
3.531 E 1 ft
3

s m
3

s
1.076 E 1 ft
2

s m
2

s
2.089 E 2 lb s

ft
2
N s

m
2
mi

hr 1mph2 m

s
ft

s m

s
R
T
F
1.8 T
C
32 F C
6.366 E 3 lb

ft
3
N

m
3
1.450 E 4 lb

in.
2
1psi2 N

m
2
2.089 E 2 lb

ft
2
1psf2 N

m
2
2.961 E 4 160 F2 N

m
2
1.341 E 3
7.376 E 1 ft lb

s
6.852 E 2
6.214 E 4
3.937 E 1
2.248 E 1
7.376 E 1 ft lb
9.478 E 4
1.940 E 3 slugs

ft
3
kg

m
3
6.243 E 2 lbm

ft
3
kg

m
3
1.076 E 1 ft
2
m
2
ft

s
2
m

s
2
Units
a
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I TABL E 1 . 5
Approximate Physical Properties of Some Common Liquids (BG Units)
Specific Dynamic Kinematic Surface Vapor Bulk
Density, Weight, Viscosity, Viscosity, Pressure,
Temperature p
v
E
v
Liquid ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ (abs)] ( )
Carbon tetrachloride 68 3.09 99.5
Ethyl alcohol 68 1.53 49.3
60 1.32 42.5
Glycerin 68 2.44 78.6
Mercury 68 26.3 847
SAE 30 60 1.77 57.0
Seawater 60 1.99 64.0
Water 60 1.94 62.4
a
In contact with air.
b
Isentropic bulk modulus calculated from speed of sound.
c
Typical values. Properties of petroleum products vary.
3.12 E 5 2.26 E 1 5.03 E 3 1.21 E 5 2.34 E 5
3.39 E 5 2.26 E 1 5.03 E 3 1.26 E 5 2.51 E 5
2.2 E 5 2.5 E 3 4.5 E 3 8.0 E 3 oil
c
4.14 E 6 2.3 E 5 3.19 E 2 1.25 E 6 3.28 E 5
6.56 E 5 2.0 E 6 4.34 E 3 1.28 E 2 3.13 E 2
1.9 E 5 8.0 E 0 1.5 E 3 4.9 E 6 6.5 E 6 Gasoline
c
1.54 E 5 8.5 E 1 1.56 E 3 1.63 E 5 2.49 E 5
1.91 E 5 1.9 E 0 1.84 E 3 6.47 E 6 2.00 E 5
lb

in.
2
lb

in.
2
lb

ft ft
2

s lb s

ft
2
lb

ft
3
slugs

ft
3
F
S N M G R
Modulus,
b
Tension,
a
I TABL E 1 . 6
Approximate Physical Properties of Some Common Liquids (SI Units)
Specific Dynamic Kinematic Surface Vapor Bulk
Density, Weight, Viscosity, Viscosity, Pressure,
Temperature p
v
E
v
Liquid ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ (abs)] ( )
Carbon tetrachloride 20 1,590 15.6
Ethyl alcohol 20 789 7.74
15.6 680 6.67
Glycerin 20 1,260 12.4
Mercury 20 13,600 133
SAE 30 15.6 912 8.95
Seawater 15.6 1,030 10.1
Water 15.6 999 9.80
a
In contact with air.
b
Isentropic bulk modulus calculated from speed of sound.
c
Typical values. Properties of petroleum products vary.
2.15 E 9 1.77 E 3 7.34 E 2 1.12 E 6 1.12 E 3
2.34 E 9 1.77 E 3 7.34 E 2 1.17 E 6 1.20 E 3
1.5 E 9 3.6 E 2 4.2 E 4 3.8 E 1 oil
c
2.85 E 10 1.6 E 1 4.66 E 1 1.15 E 7 1.57 E 3
4.52 E 9 1.4 E 2 6.33 E 2 1.19 E 3 1.50 E 0
1.3 E 9 5.5 E 4 2.2 E 2 4.6 E 7 3.1 E 4 Gasoline
c
1.06 E 9 5.9 E 3 2.28 E 2 1.51 E 6 1.19 E 3
1.31 E 9 1.3 E 4 2.69 E 2 6.03 E 7 9.58 E 4
N

m
2
N

m
2
N

m m
2

s N s

m
2
kN

m
3
kg

m
3
C
S N M G R
Modulus,
b
Tension,
a
7
7
0
8
d
_
c
o
v
e
r
s
_
0
2
-
0
6


8
/
2
7
/
0
1


1
1
:
3
9

A
M


P
a
g
e

2

m
a
c
4
5

M
a
c

4
5
:
1
s
t

S
h
i
f
t
:
I TABL E 1 . 7
Approximate Physical Properties of Some Common Gases at Standard Atmospheric Pressure (BG Units)
Specific Dynamic Kinematic Gas
Density, Weight, Viscosity, Viscosity, Specific
Temperature R
Gas ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) k
Air (standard) 59 1.40
Carbon dioxide 68 1.30
Helium 68 1.66
Hydrogen 68 1.41
Methane (natural gas) 68 1.31
Nitrogen 68 1.40
Oxygen 68 1.40
a
Values of the gas constant are independent of temperature.
b
Values of the specific heat ratio depend only slightly on temperature.
1.554 E 3 1.65 E 4 4.25 E 7 8.31 E 2 2.58 E 3
1.775 E 3 1.63 E 4 3.68 E 7 7.28 E 2 2.26 E 3
3.099 E 3 1.78 E 4 2.29 E 7 4.15 E 2 1.29 E 3
2.466 E 4 1.13 E 3 1.85 E 7 5.25 E 3 1.63 E 4
1.242 E 4 1.27 E 3 4.09 E 7 1.04 E 2 3.23 E 4
1.130 E 3 8.65 E 5 3.07 E 7 1.14 E 1 3.55 E 3
1.716 E 3 1.57 E 4 3.74 E 7 7.65 E 2 2.38 E 3
ft lb

slug R ft
2

s lb s

ft
2
lb

ft
3
slugs

ft
3
F
Heat Ratio,
b
N M G R
Constant,
a
I TABL E 1 . 8
Approximate Physical Properties of Some Common Gases at Standard Atmospheric Pressure (SI Units)
Specific Dynamic Kinematic Gas
Density, Weight, Viscosity, Viscosity, Specific
Temperature R
Gas ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) k
Air (standard) 15 1.40
Carbon dioxide 20 1.30
Helium 20 1.66
Hydrogen 20 1.41
Methane (natural gas) 20 1.31
Nitrogen 20 1.40
Oxygen 20 1.40
a
Values of the gas constant are independent of temperature.
b
Values of the specific heat ratio depend only slightly on temperature.
2.598 E 2 1.53 E 5 2.04 E 5 1.30 E 1 1.33 E 0
2.968 E 2 1.52 E 5 1.76 E 5 1.14 E 1 1.16 E 0
5.183 E 2 1.65 E 5 1.10 E 5 6.54 E 0 6.67 E 1
4.124 E 3 1.05 E 4 8.84 E 6 8.22 E 1 8.38 E 2
2.077 E 3 1.15 E 4 1.94 E 5 1.63 E 0 1.66 E 1
1.889 E 2 8.03 E 6 1.47 E 5 1.80 E 1 1.83 E 0
2.869 E 2 1.46 E 5 1.79 E 5 1.20 E 1 1.23 E 0
J

kg K m
2

s N s

m
2
N

m
3
kg

m
3
C
Heat Ratio,
b
N M G R
Constant,
a
7
7
0
8
d
_
c
o
v
e
r
s
_
0
2
-
0
6


8
/
2
7
/
0
1


1
1
:
3
9

A
M


P
a
g
e

3

m
a
c
4
5

M
a
c

4
5
:
1
s
t

S
h
i
f
t
:

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