Nombre:______________________________Perodo:_____Fecha:____________

Guided Notes:
Nouns, Gender, Adjectives and the verb Ser
I. All nouns are assigned a gender based on the way the word sounds. That gender cannot be
changed. Keep in mind that this does NOT mean they are male or female but rather feminine or
masculine
Masculine nouns end in: o, e, or a consonant.
Feminine nouns end in: a, e, dad, or in.
We have also discussed that all nouns (except proper nouns) need an article (the) in front of them.
There are 4 ways to say the in Spanish. Fill in the chart below based on what we have learned thus
far.
Singular Plural
Masculine

Feminine


Nouns can also be made plural. Here are the rules of how to do so:
Nouns that end in a vowel, add s.
Nouns that end in a consonant, add -es.
Nouns that end in z change the z to a c and add es.

II. Now its your turn! Trying taking each noun on the chart below and changing it from
singular to plural! Dont forget, you will have to change the article to match the new form of the
noun too!
English Translation Noun Plural Noun
el muchacho
la muchacha
el joven
la joven
el amigo
la amiga
el alumno
la alumna
la escuela
la clase
el curso
el profesor
la profesora

Using Nouns with Adjectives (Agreement in Gender & #)
Adjectives must match the nouns they describe in both GENDER and NUMBER.
So if a noun is masculine, the adjective must be masculine.
If a noun is plural, the adjective must be plural.
Ejemplo: el muchacho cmico
la muchacha cmica
los muchachos cmicos
las muchachas cmicas
NOTE: Nouns dont change to match the adjectives.
Adjectives change to match the nouns!
III. Look at the following chart. On the far left you see a column in which you should translate the
meaning of each of the adjectives provided. (Use a classroom textbook, online textbook (glossary) or
dictionary off the shelf). The next column masculine singular has already been filled in for you
with the masculine singular form of the provided adjective. Based on the examples above, complete
the rest of the chart on your own, modifying each adjective to be masculine, feminine, singular and
plural. Note: Nationalities are NOT capitalized in Spanish!

English
Translation
Masculine
Singular
Adjective
Feminine
Singular
Adjective
Masculine Plural
Adjective
Feminine Plural
Adjective
good looking guapo guapa guapos guapas
bonito
feo
moreno
rubio
pelirrojo
alto
bajo
bueno
malo
cmico
gracioso
serio
ambicioso
perezoso
simptico
antiptico
inteligente
joven
grande
pequeo
interesante
aburrido
difcil
duro
fcil
argentino
chileno
colombiano
cubano
dominicano
ecuatoriano
guatemalteco
mexicano
norteamericano
peruano
puertorriqueo
venezolano
americano

Verbs & Subject Pronouns:
Verbs (actions words) are GENDER NEUTRAl. Even so, they still have various, different
forms to point out who is the subject/ doer of the action in a sentence. The subject of a
sentence may be a noun or it may be a subject pronoun.
When Verbs are taught using a traditional T verb charts, we tend to use subject pronouns,
but conjugated verbs can also be used with regular nouns.

IV. Lets start out with subject pronouns. You are probably well aware of subject
pronouns in English so lets learn their equivalents in Spanish! NOTE: Subject pronouns
are NOT capitalized except at the beginning of a sentence.

Singular Plural
yo = nosotros =
nosotras =
t =
l =
ella =
usted =
ellos =
ellas =
ustedes =

V. Using the chart above, try taking each of the following nouns and substituting the
equivalent subject pronoun to represent it.
Mi amiga _____________________ Julia y Paco ____________________________
Juana ________________________ yo (male), Pedro, y Felipe __________________
Pepe_________________________ los profesores ____________________________
Las alumnas ___________________ yo (female) Silvia y Maria ______________________

We will learn the formula for how to conjugate a verb a little later on. For now, we will
memorize the following forms of a very popular verb (used often) so we can create our own
descriptive sentences!

SER- to be (am, is, are) ** The verb ser is an irregular verb!!!**
Singular Plural
yo soy nosotros somos
nosotras somos
t eres
l es
ella es
usted es
ellos son
ellas son
ustedes son

VI. La Prctica: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb SER to use for each of the
following subjects.
yo __________________ el curso _____________ Lalo y Berta __________
ella _________________ las clases ___________ Natalia _____________
ellos ________________ la joven y yo __________ Dora y Sara __________
t __________________ los amigos y t ________ La alumna ___________
nosotros ____________ Marco y yo __________ El muchacho y la muchacha ______
VII. Translate the following sentences from Spanish to English:

1. Marta es baja. ___________________________________________________________________________

2. Maximiliano y Bernardo son rubios. _________________________________________________________

3. T eres aburrido. ________________________________________________________________________

4. Mariana y yo (female) somos altas. __________________________________________________________

5. Yo (male) soy dominicano. ________________________________________________________________

VIII. Now try to translate the following English sentences in Spanish using our new pronouns,
conjugationed forms of ser and the correct adjective. Be sure that all parts of your sentence (Noun,
verb and adjective) agree in gender and number.

1. Sofia is comical. _____________________________________________________________________________

2. Marcos and Alberto are young _________________________________________________________________

3. The (female) teacher is brunette and mean. _______________________________________________________

4. The course is interesting. ______________________________________________________________________

5. The school is ugly. ___________________________________________________________________________

6. The (male) student is ambitious. ________________________________________________________________

7. The class is difficult. __________________________________________________________________________

8. The youth (male) is small. _____________________________________________________________________

9. The friends (mixed gender group) are nice. _______________________________________________________

10. You (informal, male) are big and tall.
_________________________________________________________________

11. I (Use YOUR gender) am good looking. __________________________________________________________

12. You and I (w at least one male) are intelligent. ____________________________________________________

13. She is ugly. _________________________________________________________________________________

14. The students (mixed gender group) are funny. ____________________________________________________

15. We (female) are red-headed. ___________________________________________________________________