Problem 13-5

(a) Cash (400 X 2,500) ...................................... 1,000,000

Sales ...................................................

1,000,000

(b) Cash (400 X 2,500) ...................................... 1,000,000

Sales ...................................................
Warranty Expense (400 X [155 + 185])
Warranty Liability ..................................

1,000,000
136,000
136,000

(c) No liability would be disclosed under the cash-basis method relative to future costs
due to warranties on past sales.
Tidak ada kewajiban yang diungkapkan dengan menggunakan metode cashbasis terhadap biaya masa depan karena jaminan terjadi pada penjualan masa
lalu.
(d) Current Liabilities:
Warranty Liability................................................ 68,000
Long-term Liabilities:
Warranty Liability................................................ 68,000
(e) Warranty Expense................................................. 61,300
Parts Inventory ...........................................
Accrued Payroll...........................................
(f) Warranty Liability .................................................. 61,300
Parts Inventory ..........................................
Accrued Payroll..........................................

21,400
39,900
21,400
39,900

Problem 13-11
(a)
1. Loss from Uninsured Accident.............................250,000
Liability for Uninsured Accident................

250,000

2. Loss from Expropriation...................................1,925,000

Allowance for Expropriation..................

1,925,000

[5,725,000 (40% X 9,500,000)]

3. No entry required.
4. Loss on Lease Contract................................... 950,000
Lease Contract Liability ........................
5. No entry required.

950,000

(b)
1. A loss and a liability have been recorded in the first case because (i) the company
has a present obligation as of the date of the financial statements as the result of a
past event, (ii) it is probable that an outflow will be required to settle the obligation,
and (iii) a reliable estimate can be made. That is, the occurrence of the uninsured

accidents during the year plus the outstanding injury suits and the attorneys estimate
of probable loss required recognition of a contingent liability.
Kerugian dan kewajiban telah dicatat dalam kasus pertama karena (i)
perusahaan memiliki kewajiban kini pada tanggal laporan keuangan sebagai
akibat dari peristiwa masa lalu, (ii) besar kemungkinan bahwa arus keluar akan
diperlukan untuk melunasi kewajiban, dan (iii) estimasi yang andal dapat
dibuat . Artinya, terjadinya kecelakaan yang tidak diasuransikan selama tahun
tersebut ditambah tuntutan kecelakaan dan estimasi kemungkinan kerugian
diperlukan pengakuan sebagai kewajiban kontinjensi.
2. An entry to record a loss and establish an allowance due to threat of expropriation is
necessary because the expropriation is imminent as evidenced by the foreign
governments communicated intent to expropriate and the virtual certainty of a
settlement from the government. That is, enough evidence exists to reasonably
estimate the amount of the probable loss resulting from impairment of assets at the
reporting date. The amount of the loss is measured by the amount that the carrying
value (book value) of the assets exceeds the expected compensation. At the time the
expropriation occurs, the related assets are written off against the allowance account.
In this problem, we established a valuation account because certain specific assets
were impaired. A valuation account was established rather than a liability account
because the net realizability of the assets affected has decreased. A more
appropriate presentation would, therefore, be provided for statement of financial
position purposes on the realizability of the assets. It does not seem appropriate at
this point to write off the assets involved because it may be difficult to determine all
the specific assets involved, and because the assets still have not been expropriated.
Sebuah jurnal untuk mencatat kerugian dan menentukan penyisihan karena
ancaman pengambilalihan yang sudah dekat seperti yang dibuktikan oleh
pemerintah asing untuk mengambil alih dan kepastian virtual penyelesaian dari
pemerintah. Artinya, ada bukti yang cukup untuk memperkirakan jumlah
kerugian akibat kemungkinan penurunan nilai aktiva pada tanggal pelaporan .
Jumlah kerugian tersebut diukur dengan jumlah yang nilai tercatat (nilai buku)
dari aset melebihi kompensasi yang diharapkan. Pada saat pengambilalihan
terjadi, aset terkait dihapuskan akun penyisihannya. Dalam masalah ini, kami
menentukan akun penilaian karena aset spesifik tertentu mengalami gangguan.
Sebuah akun penilaian ditentukan bukan akun kewajiban karena realisasinya
bersih dari aset yang terkena dampak penurunan. Sebuah presentasi akan
lebih tepat, oleh karena itu hal ini diberikan untuk pernyataan tujuan posisi
keuangan pada realisasi aset. Pada saat ini tidak tepat untuk menulis aset yang

terlibat karena mungkin sulit untuk menentukan semua aset tertentu yang
terlibat dan karena aset masih belum diambil alih .
3. Even though Polskas chemical product division is uninsurable due to high risk and
has sustained repeated losses in the past, as of the reporting date no assets have
been impaired or liabilities incurred nor is an amount reasonably estimable.
Therefore, this situation does not satisfy the criteria for recognition of a contingent
liability. Also, unless a casualty has occurred or there is some other evidence to
indicate impairment of an asset prior to the issuance of the financial statements,
there is no disclosure required relative to a contingent liability. The absence of
insurance does not of itself result in the impairment of assets or the incurrence of
liabilities. Expected future injuries to others or damage to the property of others, even
if the amount is reasonably estimable, does not require recording a loss or a liability.
The cause for loss or litigation or claim must have occurred on or prior to the
reporting date and the amount of the loss must be reasonably estimable in order for a
contingent liability to be recorded. Disclosure is required when one or both of the
criteria for a contingent liability are not satisfied and there is a reasonable possibility
that a liability may have been incurred or an asset impaired, or, it is probable that a
claim will be asserted and there is a reasonable possibility of an unfavorable
outcome.
Meskipun divisi produk kimia Polska adalah uninsurable karena berisiko tinggi
dan telah menderita kerugian berulang di masa lalu, terhitung sejak tanggal
pelaporan tidak ada aset yang mengalami penurunan atau tidak ada kewajiban
yang terjadi atau tidak ada jumlah yang dapat diestimasi. Oleh karena itu,
situasi ini tidak memenuhi kriteria untuk melakukan pengakuan kewajiban
kontinjensi. Kecuali ada beberapa bukti lain untuk menunjukkan penurunan
aset sebelum penerbitan laporan keuangan, tidak ada pengungkapan yang
diperlukan untuk kewajiban kontinjensi. Tidak adanya asuransi mengakibatkan
penurunan nilai aset atau timbulnya kewajiban. Penyebab kerugian atau litigasi
atau klaim pasti terjadi pada atau sebelum tanggal pelaporan dan jumlah
kerugian harus cukup diestimasi agar kewajiban kontinjensi dapat dicatat.
Pengungkapan diperlukan bila salah satu atau kedua kriteria untuk kewajiban
kontinjensi tidak terpenuhi dan ada kemungkinan wajar bahwa kewajiban
mungkin telah terjadi atau aset mengalami penurunan nilai, atau besar
kemungkinan bahwa klaim akan dinyatakan dan ada kemungkinan yang masuk
akal dari hasil yang tidak menguntungkan.

4. By moving to another factory, Polska has a lease contract with unavoidable costs of
meeting the obligations that exceed the economic benefits expected to be received.
This is considered an onerous contract and the expected costs to satisfy the onerous
contract should be accrued.
Dengan pindah ke pabrik lain, Polska memiliki kontrak sewa guna usaha
dengan biaya yang tidak dapat dihindari untuk memenuhi kewajiban yang
melebihi manfaat ekonomi yang diharapkan akan diterima. Hal ini dianggap
sebagai kontrak berat dan biaya yang diharapkan untuk memenuhi kontrak
berat harus diakui .
5. Possible favorable outcomes from pending court cases are considered contingent
assets. Contingent assets are not recognized unless the outcome is virtually certain.
The outcome in Polskas situation is not virtually certain. The evidence provided does
not even support that the outcome is probable (an attorney opinion should be
provided). Without evidence that the outcome is probable, the litigation should not be
disclosed.
Kemungkinan hasil yang menguntungkan dari kasus-kasus pengadilan yang
tertunda dianggap aset kontinjensi. Aset kontinjensi tidak diakui kecuali
hasilnya dapat dipastikan. Hasil dalam situasi Polska bukanlah hal yang dapat
dipastikan. Bukti yang diberikan bahkan tidak mendukung bahwa hasilnya
kemungkinan besar terjadi. Tanpa bukti bahwa hasilnya kemungkinan besar
terjadi, litigasi tidak boleh diungkapkan.
Problem 14-1
(a) The bonds were sold at a discount of $5,651. Evidence of the discount is the
January 1, 2004 book value of $94,349, which is less than the maturity value of
$100,000 in 2013.
Obligasi tersebut dijual dengan diskonto sebesar $ 5.651. Bukti dari diskon
adalah 1 Januari, nilai buku 2004 adalah $ 94.349 sedangkan nilai jatuh
temponya sebesar $ 100.000 pada tahun 2013.
(b) The stated rate is 11% ($11,000 $100,000). The effective rate is 12% ($11,322
$94,349).
Tingkat bunga adalah 11% ($ 11,000 $ 100.000). Tingkat bungaefektif adalah
12% ($ 11,322 $ 94.349).
(c)

January 1, 2004
Cash ...................................................... 94,349
Bonds Payable ..............................

(d) December 31, 2004

Interest Expense ................................... 11,322
Bonds Payable .............................
Interest Payable ...........................
(e) January 1, 2011 (Interest Payment)
Interest Payable...................................... 11,000

94,349

322
11,000

Cash..............................................

11,000

December 31, 2011

Interest Expense .................................... 11,712
Bonds Payable ..............................
Interest Payable ............................

712
11,000

Problem 14-7
(a) Entry to record the issuance of the 11% bonds on December 18, 2010:
Cash (40,000,000 X 102%) ........................ 40,800,000
Bonds Payable...................................
40,800,000

Entry to record the retirement of the 9% bonds on January 2, 2011:

Bonds Payable (30,000,000 1,842,888)... 28,157,112
Loss on Extinguishment of Bonds.................... 3,042,888
Cash (30,000,000 X 104%).................
31,200,000
[The loss represents the excess of the cash paid (31,200,000) over the carrying
amount of the bonds (28,157,112).]
[Kerugian merupakan selisih dari kas yang dibayarkan ( 31.200.000) dari nilai
tercatat obligasi ( 28157112).]
(b) The loss is reported as an Other income and expense item.
Note 1. Loss on Bond Extinguishment
The loss represents a loss of 3,042,888 from the extinguishment and retirement of
30,000,000 of the Companys outstanding bond issue due in 2021. The funds used
to purchase the mortgage bonds represent a portion of the proceeds from the sale of
40,000,000 of 11% debenture bonds issued December 18, 2010 and due in 2030.
Kerugian tersebut dilaporkan sebagai penghasilan lainnya dan biaya barang.
Catatan 1. Kerugian Obligasi Extinguishment
Kerugian merupakan hilangnya 3.042.888 dari pelunasan dan pelunasan dari
30.000.000 dari obligasi yang beredar yang jatuh tempo pada tahun 2021.
Dana
yang
digunakan
untuk
membeli
obligasi
hipotek
yang
merepresentasikan sebagian dari hasil penjualan 40.000.000 dari obligasi
surat
11% yang diterbitkan pada 18 Desember 2010 dan jatuh tempo pada tahun
2030.
Problem 15-1
(a)
January 11
Cash (20,000 X $16) .................................................. 320,000
Share CapitalOrdinary (20,000 X $10) .........
Share PremiumOrdinary ...............................

200,000
120,000

February 1
Machinery .............................................................. . 50,000
Factory Building .........................................................160,000
Land ..........................................................................270,000
Share CapitalPreference (4,000 X $100) ......

400,000

Share PremiumPreference ............................

80,000

July 29
Treasury Shares (1,800 X $17) ................................. 30,600
Cash ..............................................................

30,600

August 10
Cash (1,800 X $14) .................................................. 25,200
Retained Earnings (1,800 X $3) ............................... 5,400*
Treasury Shares ............................................
30,600
*(The debit is made to Retained Earnings because no Share PremiumTreasury
exists.)
December 31
Retained Earnings .................................................... 37,000
Cash Dividend PayableOrdinary .................
Cash Dividend PayablePreference ..............
*Ordinary Share Cash Dividend:
Ordinary shares outstanding
Ordinary cash dividend

5,000*
32,000**

20,000
X $.25
$5,000

**(4,000 X 100 X 8%)

December 31
Income Summary ..................................................... 175,700
Retained Earnings .........................................

175,700

(b)
PHELPS CORPORATION
Partial Statement of Financial Position
December 31, 2010
Equity
Share capital preference
par value $100 per share,
8% cumulative and nonparticipating,
5,000 shares authorized,
4,000 shares issued and outstanding ......... $400,000
Share capitalordinary
par value $10 per share,
50,000 shares authorized,
20,000 shares issued and outstanding ......... 200,000
Share PremiumPreference .................................. 80,000
Share PremiumOrdinary .................................... 120,000
Retained earnings
Total equity .............................................................
*($175,700 $5,400 $37,000)
Problem 15-3
HATCH COMPANY
Partial Statement of Financial Position

$600,000
200,000
133,300*
$933,300

December 31, 2010

Equity
Share capitalpreference, $20 par, 8%,
180,000 shares issued
and outstanding ...................................... $ 3,600,000
Share capitalordinary, $2.50 par,
4,100,000 shares issued,
4,080,000 shares outstanding ................. 10,250,000
Share premiumpreference ............................ $ 260,000
Share premiumordinary ................................ 27,750,000
Share premiumtreasury ................................
10,000
Retained earnings .............................................
Treasury shares (20,000 ordinary shares) ......
Total equity ...................................................
Supporting balances are indicated in the following T-Accounts.
Share CapitalPreference
Bal.
1.
Share PremiumOrdinary
Bal.
4.

3,000,000
600,000
3,600,000
27,000,000
750,000
27,750,000

Share CapitalOrdinary
Bal.
3.

10,000,000
250,000
10,250,000

Bal.
10.

4,500,000
2,100,000

Retained Earnings
8.
9.

288,000
2,040,000

4,272,000
Share PremiumPreference
Bal.
2.

Treasury Shares
5.
300,000
200,000

6.

Share PremiumTreasury
7.

200,000
60,000
260,000

100,000

10,000
10,000

13,850,000

28,020,000
4,272,000
(200,000)
$ 45,942,000

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Jan. 1 30,000 X $20

Jan. 1 30,000 X $2
Feb. 1 50,000 X $5
Feb. 1 50,000 X $15
July 1 30,000 X $10
Sept. 15 10,000 X $10
Sept. 15 10,000 X $1
Dec. 31 3,600,000 X 8%
Dec. 31 4,080,000* X 50
Dec. 31 Net income

*[(2,000,000 + 50,000) X 2] 30,000 + 10,000

Problem 15-6
(a)
-1Treasury Shares (280 X $97) .......................... 27,160
Cash ........................................................
-2Retained Earnings ...........................................90,400
Dividends Payable .................................
[(4,800 280) X $20 = $90,400]

27,160

90,400

-3Dividends Payable .......................................... 90,400

Cash ........................................................

90,400

-4Cash (280 X $102) ........................................... 28,560

Treasury Shares ....................................
Share PremiumTreasury (280 X $5) ..

27,160
1,400

-5Treasury Shares (500 X $105)........................ 52,500

Cash ...................................................

52,500

-6Cash (350 X $96) .......................................... 33,600

Share PremiumTreasury ............................ 1,400
Retained Earnings ......................................... 1,750
Treasury Shares (350 X $105) ............

36,750

(c)
WASHINGTON COMPANY
Partial Statement of Financial Position
December 31, 2011
Equity
Share capitalordinary, $100 par value,

authorized 8,000 shares; issued 4,800 shares,

4,650 shares outstanding ....................................
Retained earnings (restricted in the
amount of $15,750 by the acquisition
of treasury shares) ...............................................
Treasury shares (150 shares) .............................
Total equity ..........................................................

$480,000
295,850*
(15,750)**
$760,100

*($294,000 $90,400 + $94,000 $1,750)

**($52,500 $36,750)

Problem 16-7
$ 1,200,000 ($ 4,000,000 x 0,06)
(a) Basic EPS

=
=

(b) Diluted EPS

600,000*
$ 1,60 per share
(Net income Preference dividends)+Interest savings
(net of tax)
Average ordinary shares + Potentially dilutive ordinary
shares
$1,200,000 - $240,000a + $97,200b
600,000 + 15,000c + 60,000d
$1,057,200

=
=

675,000
$1,57 per share

a Preference shares are not assumed converted since conversion would be

antidilutive. That is, conversion of the preference shares increases the numerator
$240,000 ($4,000,000 X .06) and the denominator 120,000 shares [(4,000,000
100) X 3]
Saham preferen tidak diasumsikan dikonversi karena konversi akan membuat
antidilutive. Artinya, konversi saham preferen meningkatkan pembilang $
240,000 ($ 4.000.000 X .06) dan penyebut 120.000 saham [(4.000.000 100) X
3]
b $1,800,000 x 0,09 x (1 0,40)
c Market Price Option Price
Market Price
$25 - $20
$25

X Number of options = incremental shares

X 75,000 = 15,000

d ($2,000,000 $1,000) x 30 shares/bond