Criminal Procedure

PROF. DEMETRIO DC. CUSTODIO Jr.

Criminal Jurisdiction of Courts
a) MeTc, MTC, MCTC
Judiciar !ct of "#$%, Section &' as amended ( R! )*#", P.D.
"*%*,
R! $'+#
, cit or munici-al ordinances
, o.enses -unis/a(le not more t/an * ears
, ot/er cases fallin0 1it/in e2clusi3e 4urisdiction of
Sandi0an(aan and RTC
() RTC
, all cases not 1it/in ori0inal 4urisdiction of an ot/er court.

c) C!
Ori0inal
E2clusi3e ori0inal 5+))
E2clusi3e a--ellate
d) Sandi0an(aan 5PD "*%*, amended ( R! $'+#)
a. 6iolations of R! &%"#
C/a-ter II, Section ', Title 6"", 7oo8 II of RPC in3ol3in0
,o9cials of e2ecuti3e (ranc/ 1it/ S: ') or /i0/er
,mem(ers of con0ress
,mem(ers of 4udiciar
,mem(ers of constitutional commissions
,all ot/ers 1it/ S: ') and /i0/er
(. ot/er o.enses of t/e a(o3e o9cers in relation to t/eir
o9ce
Sanc/e; 3s Demetriou '') S *')
Peo-le 3s Sandi0an(aan 5T/ird Di3ision) *&% S +$#
c. EO " < '
Re Section + of R! $'+#, read 7illedo 3s =a0an *>& S )$&
Re?uisites for e2ercise of criminal 4urisdiction
Su(4ect matter
Territor
!ccused
Trenas 3 Peo-le **+ S &>>
Peo-le 3 Taro *>)S &+#
Union 7an8 of t/e P/ili--ines 3 Peo-le **) S ""&
Rule 110
(Prosecution of Ofenses)
Section " , Institution
- 1/ere Preliminar In3esti0ation re?uired 5@ +ears, ' mont/s,
" da)
- all ot/ers
- -ro-er o9cer
In?uest
Ae3iste 3s !lameda *'* S >)>
Procedure
=ai3er of !rticle "'>, Re3ised Penal Code
Prescri-tion
Francisco 3. Court of !--eals "'' S >&$
Re-u(lic 3s Co4uan0co Jr *)+ S +#'
Condition Precedent to Filin0 of CaseB=/en Direct to Court
Section & , Com-laint
- o.ended -art, /o1 deCnedD
- -eace o9cer
- inter3ention of -rosecutor
Section + , Information
- distin0uis/ from com-laint
- concurrent 4urisdiction of Om(dusman and ot/er -rosecutin0
a0encies
Peo-le 3 6alde; **& S ')'
Peo-le 3 !silan **# S +%>
Peo-le 3 Posada **) S)#%
In4unction 3s. criminal -rosecution
Peo-le 3s :re *'> S >'&
Eon,o.ended -art ma Cle for PID
Ri0/t to Cle -ersonalD
Section > , =/o Must Prosecute
Metro-olitan 7an8 and Trust Co 3s Renado *') S $$
Control of -rosecutor
Peo-le 3 Dollano Jr. *># S )+%
2
Control ( Court
Cres-o 3. Mo0ul ">" S +*'
Pere; 3. Fa0ono Rural 7an8 &') S >$$
Sta. Rosa Minin0 Co. 3. Ga(ala ">& S &*)

E.ect of Petition for Re3ie1 to DOJ
Refusal of Prosecutor to Prosecute
Section $ , Desi0nation of O.ense 5includin0 ?ualifin0 circumstances)
- P. 3 Elesterio ")& S '+&
Section "& H Du-licit of o.ense
- onl one o.ense
Manuel 6. PaIo ")' S ''>
Section "+ H !mendment or Su(stitution
Test of Pre4udice to !ccused
!mendment or Su(stitutionJ Distin0uis/
=/o ma initiateD
Tee/an8ee, Jr. 3. Madaa0 '%) S "&+
Peo-le 3s. Case "%& S '"
Eeed for ne1 -reliminar in3esti0ation if su(stantial amendment
Ae3iste 3 !lameda *'* S >)>
RULE 111
(Prosecution of Criminal Actions)
Ci3il lia(ilit, (asis t/ereof
Aim 3s Mindanao =ines *)> S *'$
Consolidation of criminal action 1it/ criminal case
Ea0uiat 3s. I!C "*+ S >%>
Co4uan0co 3s. C! '%& S *"#
P 3s 7aotas '&* S '&#
Pre4udicial Kuestion
Ras 3s. Rasul"%% S "'>
Ai(rodo 3s. Coscolluela ""* S &%&
RULE 112
(Preliminary Investiation)
3
Section " , DeCnition and nature
Mandator
Rolito :o 3. Court of !--eals '%* S "&$
E2ecuti3e function
!(anado 3s 7aona *)) S >#>
Can (e 1ai3edD
6illarin 3s Peo-le *>* S >%%
E.ect of !(sence of Preliminar In3esti0ation
Section *
Peo-le 3s De la Torre,Ladao *$> S '*+
Procedure on Preliminar In3esti0ation
Distin0uis/J Preliminar In3esti0ation and In?uest
Remedies (efore and after Clin0 of info after In?uest
Ae3iste 3 !lameda *'* S >)>
=/at is -ro(a(le causeD
Drilon 3. Court of !--eals '>$ S '$%
!llado 3s Dio8no '&' S "#'
Soria 3 Desierto +>% S &&#
Preferred Fome S-ecialties 3 C! +)$ S &$)
Pineda E0 3 Peo-le :R "$#>&& Eo3em(er ">, '%"%
Tamar0o 3s !1in0an *"% S &"*
Remed 3s -ro(a(le cause
Flores 3 :on;ales *'* S **"
U-on Clin0 of info, court dutD O-tionsD
Peo-le 3s Court of !--eals *'* S &>'
!--eal to DOJ, not to courts
!le4andro 3 7ernas *>) S '>>
Remed of accused if no Preliminar In3esti0ation conducted
E.ect of !--eal to DOJ
Rule 11!
(Arrest)
Re?uisites for arrest 1arrant
Pro(a(le cause
4
IdentiCcation of -erson to (e arrested
Eo need to -ersonall e2amine com-lainant and /is 1itnesses or
conduct trial de no3o in determinin0 -ro(a(le cause
Peo-le 3s Dela Torre,Ladao *$> S '*+
Meanin0 of Min /is -resenceN
Peo-le 3s !lunda >*+ S "&>
=/en to c/allen0e
Peo-le 3s Santia0o *+' S *&#
S 3s Peo-le *>> S &#>
=/en 1ai3edD E.ectD
Die0a 3s C! *>> S &##
Peo-le 3s Rac/o *'* S *&&
Meanin0 of M-ro(a(le causeNO MRelia(le information not enou0/N
Peo-le 3. Doria &%" S )'$
Peo-le 3s Rac/o i(id
MPersonal Pno1led0e B Fot PursuitN
Peo-le 3s U(oco :R ")$%&#, Januar "#, '%""
Rule 11"
(#ail)
DeCnition
GuIo 3. Ca(e(e +++ S &$'
=/en discretionarD
(efore con3iction
after con3iction
-enalt is im-risonment * ears QO (aila(le under C3e
circumstances (ut su(4ect to re3ie1 after con3iction of ca-ital
o.ense
7ail after con3iction
Ae3iste 3s C! *"> S *"#
7ail In Ca-ital O.enses
a--lication ( accused
/earin0
Prosecution e3idence 5(ecomes -art of trial on t/e merits)
Defense e3idence
Ca-ital o.ense
5
Peo-le 3s. Dacudao, ")% S +$#
7ra3o 3. De 7or4a "&+ S +**
Denial of -etition for (ailO remedD
Reco0ni;ance
onl 1/en allo1ed ( la1
a. R.!. *%&*
i. 3iolation of citBmunici-al ordinance
ii. li0/t felonO -enalt not /i0/er t/an si2
5*)
mont/s andBor Cne of P',%%%.%%
(. P.D. *%&
, out/ful o.ender can (e commuted to
De-artment of Social =elfare and
De3elo-ment if una(le to -ost (ail
Custod of t/e la1 3s 4urisdiction o3er t/e -erson of t/e accusedJ
Rele3anceD
Miranda 3 Tuliao +$* S &))
!la1ia 3 Court of !--eals :R "*+")%, !-ril "*, '%%#
7ail =/en Eot Re?uired
7ail =/ere Filed
Eotice to Prosecution mandator
7ail Eo 7ar rule
Rule 11$
Ri0/ts of !ccused at Trial
To Due Process
Mar?ue; 3s Sandi0an(aan *+" S ")>
To (e informed
Peo-le 3s Francisco *&> S ++%
To -resent e3idence and (e /eard
Peo-le 3s 7odoso *'& S >$%
Mi0uel 3s Sandi0an(aan *)> S >*%
To confront accusers and 1itnesses
:o 3s Peo-le *)" S '"&
6
To counsel of o1n c/oice
Peo-le 3s Ser;o :R ""$+&> June '%, "##)
Peo-le 3s Aara *)$ S &&'
=ai3er of Ri0/t to Counsel
Peo-le 3s. Eicandro "+" S '$#
!0ainst Self,incriminationJ
P 3. Latar +'$ S >%+
!0ainst Dou(le Jeo-ard
7an0aan Jr 3s 7an0aan *># S >#%
Peo-le 3s Court of !--eals **% S &'&
Peo-le 3s Sandi0an(aan *&" S "'$
Lsidoro 3s Aeonardo de Castro **> S "
Peo-le 3s Sandi0an(aan **> S $#
Peo-le 3s !tien;a *)& S +)%
Trial in !(sentia
Parada 3. 6eneracion '*# S &)"
Presence Re?uired
- arrai0nment
- -romul0ation
- Prosecution 1ill -resent 1itness to identif accused
T/e Ri0/t to Cross,E2amine
Eature
=ai3a(le
E.ect of Deat/ of =itness
Ful0ado 3s. Court of !--eals "$' S $"
Com-ulsor Process
attendance of 1itnesses
-roduction of ot/er e3idence
Ri0/t to S-eed Trial
5"#$) Constitution, !rt. III, Sec. ")
S-eed Trial !ct of "##$ 5R! $+#&)
ReJ Circular Eo. &$,#$
6illareal 3s Peo-le **+ S >"#
Mari 3s :on;ales *>) S +"+
Im-erial 3s Joson *&> S )"
Remed 3s. Denial of Ri0/t to S-eed Trial
7
Motion to Dismiss
Sec. "+, SC Circular Eo. &$,#$
Rule 11%
Arrainment an& Plea
E.ect of Denial
Peo-le 3s. !licando '>" SCR! '#&
Eo arrai0nment in a(sentia
Eolasco 3s Enrile "&# SCR! >%'
Plea to ! Aesser O.ense
:on;ales III 3s O9ce of t/e President *)# S *"+
Plea to a Ca-ital O.ense
Peo-le 3s. Cama ">' S +%"
=/at is Searc/in0 In?uirD
Peo-le 3s. Daot "$) S *&)
Peo-le 3s. !licando, su-ra
Plea to Eon,Ca-ital O.ense
E.ect of Im-ro3ident Plea of :uilt
Peo-le 3s 7a/aran *&# S ">)
Plea must (e unconditional
Peo-le 3s. Patric8 de Auna ")+ S '%+
Ille0al arrest 1ai3ed if not raised in arrai0nment
Peo-le 3s !minola *&% S &$+
Peo-le 3s Tan *&+ S ))&
Rule 11'
(otion to )uas*
DeCned
!ntone 3 7eronillo *&) S *">
=ai3ed if not -leaded
E2ce-tJ no o.ense c/ar0ed
lac8 of 4urisdiction o3er o.ense
e2tinction of o.ense
dou(le 4eo-ard
Eo 4urisdiction o3er -erson
Peo-le 3s Palma *"+ S )$+
8
Re(ellion 3s Peo-le *'& S &+&
Facts do not constitute o.ense
Soriano 3s Peo-le *"" S "#"
Rule on Dou(le Jeo-ard
5see cases under Rule ""> su-ra)
Jeo-ard 1ill attac/ e3en if case is dismissed ( a Motion to
Dismiss
Test of Identit of o.enses
Peo-le 3 Pimentel '$$ S >+'
Peo-le 3s. Dori0ue; '+ S "*&
Eo dou(le 4eo-ard for -rosecution of 0ra3er o.enses under
s-ecial circumstances 5Section ))
Remed 3s denial of motion to ?uas/
:al;ote 3s 7riones *>) S >&>
Rule 11+
(Pre,-rial)
Pre,trial H Mandator
=it/in &% das after court ac?uires 4urisdiction o3er t/e -erson
Su(4ect of Pre,trial 5a) to 5f)
Pre,trial !0reement
Pre,Trial Order
Pre,trial !0reeents
See Section &, R! $+#&)
Rule 11.
-rial
Trial in a(sentia
Presentation of e3idence is not for trial court or accused to decideO
strictl -rosecutorial -rero0ati3e
Joint trial
Se-arate trial
Consolidation
9
State =itness
Conditions for disc/ar0e
, a(solute necessit
, a(sence of ot/er direct e3idence
, corro(oration
, not most 0uilt
, no -rior con3iction
Di.erence (et1een state 1itness and -rotected 1itness
R! *#$"
Lu 3s Fon Presidin0 Jud0e :R "+'$+$ June &%, '%%*
So(erano 3s Peo-le :R ">+*'# Octo(er >, '%%>
Demurrer
Peo-le 3 Sandi0an(aan 5Fourt/ Di3ision) **> S $#
On0 3. Peo-le &+' S &)'
7autista 3s Cuneta,Pan0ilinan *$+ S >'"
Rule 120
(/u&ment)
Re?uirements of a 6alid Jud0ment
DR!i0le 3s Peo-le *)> S '%*
!(ellana 3s Peo-le *>> S *$&
Jud0ment for ' or more O.enses
, in case of 3ariance
Peo-le 3s 6illamar, :R Eo, "'"")>, Eo3 +, "##$
Peo-le 3s Rellota *'* S +''
!c?uittal and dismissal com-ared
Finalit of Jud0ment
, e2ce-t -enalt is deat/ -enalt, su(4ect to re3ie1
State ma c/allen0e ac?uittalBdismissal
6illareal 3s Peo-le **+ S >"#
Merciales 3s Court of !--eals :R "'+")" Marc/ "$, '%%'
Rule 121
(0e1 -rial or Reconsi&eration)
:rounds di.erent from ne1 trial in ci3il cases
Errors of la1
Ee1 and material e3idence
Saluda0a 3s Sandi0an(aan *"# S &*+
Paumo 3s Sandi0an(aan *>+ S '))
10
Distin0uis/ from Motion to Re,o-en or Motion for Reconsideration
!0ulto 3s. Court of !--eals "$" S $%
E.ects of Ee1 TrialBReconsideration
Rule 122
(A22eal)
Procedural remedies
Lsidro 3s Aeonardo de Castro i(id
Eot -art of due -rocessO onl statutor -ri3ile0e
Dimarucot 3s Peo-le *&% S *>#
=/o can a--eal ac?uittalBdismissalD
7autista 3s Cuneta,Pan0ilinan *$+ S >'"
Period to !--eal
Lu 3s Fon Rosa Samson,Tatad and Peo-le, :R ")%#)#, Fe( #,
'%""
!--eal 1ill Mo-en 1/ole caseN for re3ie1
Peo-le 3s Maraorao *)+ S ">"
Peo-le 3s Dula *$" S *&$
Peo-le 3s 7rainer *$& S >%>
E.ect of a--eal on non,a--ellants
Sal3atierra 3s C!, :R "">##$, June "", '%%%
Peo-le 3s 7rillantes *)" S &$$
Rule 12"
(Proce&ure 3 Court of A22eals)
Title of case to re3ie1 t/e same
Rule in Filin0 7riefsJ &% H &% H '% 5das)
Po1er to Recei3e E3idence
, instances
Motion for Ee1 Trial
Rule 12$
(Proce&ure 3 4u2reme Court)
Same as in Court of !--eals
11
E.ect 1/en En 7anc Court e?uall di3ided
Rule 12%
(4earc* an& 4ei5ure)
Searc/ =arrant J deCned
Distin0uis/ from 1arrant of arrest
Mantarin0 3. Roman, Jr. 5'>+ SCR! ">$ S"##*T)
- 1/ere a--lied
- 1/at ma (e sei;ed
- re?uisites to issuance
Malalaon 3s C! '&' SCR! '+#
Peo-le 3. Court of !--eals '#" S +%%
3alidit of 1arrant
- searc/ and sei;ure 1it/out 1arrant
- instances
Rule 12'
(Provisional Reme&ies in Criminal Cases)
Pro3isional Remedies in ci3il actions also a3aila(le in criminal
cases, so far as a--lica(le 5Sec. ").
12