History for kids

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The Wodeyar Dynasty, one of the most prominent dynasties

of the south, ruled the Kingdom of Mysore. Hyder Ali and his
son, Tipu Sultan make their mark in this region.

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Hyder Ali was born at Budikote

around the year 1720. He
started off his career as a soldier.
He was a petty office in the
army and was assistant to the
Nizam, who was the Mughal
deputy in South India. When the
Nizam was assassinated, a a lot
of confusion followed and in the
midst of all the chaos, Hyder Ali's
services attracted the attention
of Nanjaraja, the minister of the Raja of Mysore. Hyder Ali
received an independent command and over the next 12
years, the minister and the King depended on him and
were under his control.

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Hyder Ali rose in ranks until he replaced the King. He extended his Empire right up to the lands in the north,
beyond the Tungabhadra river. He spent much of him time
in building up a strong army to deal with the Marathas in
the northwest and the British on the East and West coast.
The Marathas waged four damaging wars against Hyder
Ali, but after the death of their leader Peshwa Madhavrao
I in 1772, Ali pressed his advantage and extended his territory up to the Krishna river.

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Hyder Ali sought the friendship of the British so that they

could together defeat the Marathas. The British however
had other ideas and wanted to undermine his powers and
use him. This led to the First Anglo-Mysore War in 1767.
Hyder Alis campaign against the British proved successful,
and he got the British to sign a mutual defense treaty with
him. The British went back on their word when they were
attacked by the Marathas.

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In 1780, Hyder Ali waged his

second battle against the
British. He was defending his
kingdom as best as he could,
but then suddenly died of
cancer. He was succeeded by
his son Tipu Sultan whom he
had educated and trained well.
Tipu was fluent in a number of
languages and was good
student of mathematics and
science. He had a great appetite for learning. He was also
an avid reader and his library was filled with over 2000
books in different languages.

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Tipu was given exposure to both military and political affairs at a very young age. By the time he was 15, he father
took him along on all his military campaigns. Infact, it was
Tipu who headed the First Anglo-Mysore Water, defeating
Colonel Braithwaite on the banks of the Coleroon.
In 1772, Tipu was sent to the the North of Mysore to recover territories seized by the Marathas. He gained valuable experience in both warfare and diplomacy there.

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During the Second Anglo-Mysore War in 1780, Tipu intercepted the British troops under Colonel Baillie as they
moved South. He stopped them before they could join Sir
Hector Munro in Kanchipuram.
Colonel Baillie was no match for Tipu and his army. Even
when Munro sent reinforcements, they were no match for
Tipu's troops. The British suffered a humiliating defeat.
Munro managed to flee while Colonel Baillie was arrested
and put in prison.

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