1

Chemical characteristics and Kraft pulping of tension wood

from Eucalyptus globulus labill
2
FATEB Faculdade de Telmaco Borba
Curso: Engenharia Qumica
Disciplina: Processo de Fabricao de Polpa
Tu!or: Pro"essor #s$aldo %ieira
C&E'(CA) C&A*ACTE*(+T(C+ A,D -*AFT P.)P(,/ #F TE,+(#, 0##D
F*#' E.CA)1PT.+ /)#B.).+ )AB())
Acadmico:
'arcos %idal de Camargo
Telmaco Borba PR
Setembro de 2014
ABSTRACT
Tension (TW) and opposite wood (OW) o !"cal#pt"s $lob"l"s trees
were anal#%ed or its c&emical c&aracteristics and 'rat p"lp prod"ction( )i$nin
content was 1*+ lower and contained ,2+ more s#rin$#l "nits in TW t&an in
OW( T&e increase in s#rin$#l "nits a-o"red t&e ormation o ./O/4 bonds t&at
was also &i$&er in TW t&an in OW (04+ -s( *4+1 respecti-el#)( T&e eect o
t&ese wood eat"res was e-al"ated in t&e prod"ction o 'rat p"lps rom bot&
t#pes o wood( 2t 3appa n"mber 1*1 'rat p"lps obtained rom TW demanded
less acti-e al3ali in deli$niication and presented sli$&tl# &i$&er or similar p"lp
#ield t&an p"lps made wit& OW( 4iber len$t&1 coarseness and intrinsic -iscosit#
were also &i$&er in tension t&an in opposite p"lps( W&en p"lps w&ere reined to
,05SR1 TW p"lps needed 10+ more re-ol"tions in t&e P46 mill to ac&ie-e t&e
same beatin$ de$ree t&an OW p"lps( Stren$t& properties (tensile1 tear and
b"rst inde7es) were sli$&tl# &i$&er or similar in tension as compared wit&
opposite wood p"lps( 2ter an O8
0
(!O)8
1
bleac&in$ se9"ence1 bot& p"lps
ac&ie-ed "p to 0:+ 6SO bri$&tness( Bleac&ed p"lps rom TW presented &i$&er
-iscosit# and low amo"nt o &e7en"ronic acids t&an p"lps rom OW( Res"lts
s&owed t&at TW presented &i$& 7#lans and low li$nin content t&at ca"sed a
decrease in al3ali cons"mption1 increase p"lp stren$t& properties and similar
bleac&in$ perormance as compared wit& p"lps rom OW(
1. !TR"#$CT"!
!"cal#pt"s species are partic"larl# rele-ant to t&e orest ind"str# in
dierent parts o t&e world wit& !( $lob"l"s t&e most widel# planted in re$ions
wit& ;editerranean climate s"c& as 2"stralia1 <&ile1 Spain and Port"$al
(P2;PO)6=2 et al(1 2002)( T&e iber o !( $lob"l"s presents s"itable
c&aracteristics or printin$ and writin$ papers wit& $ood stren$t& and optical
properties ('6BB)!W>6T! et al(1 2000)(!( $lob"l"s trees co"ld present t&e
ormation o stron$l# stressed wood in t&e "pper side o branc&es1 in leanin$
stems or e-en in well/$rowt& erected trees (W2S>?S!= 2002@ W2S>?S!= et
al(1 200,@ <)26R et al(1 200*a@ 2A?2BO et al(1 2010)( T&e stressed wood1
3nown as tension wood in &ardwoods1 tend to restore t&e -erticalit# o t&e stem
and is ormed w&en t&e tree is $rowin$ "nder determined $eo$rap&ical or
3
climatic conditions t&at co"ld aect t&e nat"ral trend o t&e tree to "pri$&t
$rowt& (BOB81 1:CC@ '?B)!R1 1:00@ B2;B!R1 2001@ W2S>?S!=1 2002)(
Tension wood is c&aracteri%ed b# t&e de-elopment o an e7tra cell wall la#er1
t&e $elatino"s la#er (A/la#er)1 w&ic& replaces t&e S2 or S, la#er in t&e cell wall
and is made "p o cr#stalline cell"lose wit& a low microibrilar an$le (B2B2 et
al(1 1::*@ R?!))! et al(1 200C@ >!=R6'SSO= et al(1 200:)(
Trees t&at presented a &i$& amo"nt o tension wood or deormation in its
tr"n3 are considered inade9"ate or "se as timber or str"ct"ral material d"e to
s&rin3a$e and ormation o iss"res d"rin$ dr#in$ and mec&anical processin$
ca"sin$ #ield losses o l"mber (<2RD2)>O et al(1 2010@ <)26R@ T>6B2?T1
2001@ <)26R et al(1 200*b) b"t co"ld be a s"itable raw material or c&emical
transormation o wood s"c& as p"lp or paper or cell"losic bioet&anol( T&is
wor3 presents comparati-e res"lts or t&e c&emical c&aracteri%ation and 'rat
p"lpin$ easibilit# o tension and opposite wood o !( $lob"l"s $rowin$ in
so"t&ern <&ile(

%. &ATERA'S A!# &ET("#S
%.1 )ood sampling
4ort# !( $lob"l"s trees were randoml# selected and c"t down rom a
commercial stand located in t&e BiobEo Pro-ince1 so"t&ern <&ile( Trees $rowin$
at t&e ed$e o t&e plantation were not incl"ded in t&e samplin$( 2ll trees were
well $rown and erect wit&o"t an# e-ident tr"n3 deormation1 and wit& t&e
diameter at breast &ei$&t (8B>) between 20 and 2F cm( )o$s o ,F/40 cm were
c"t abo-e 1(0 m &ei$&t rom eac& treeGs bottom( 2ll t&e lo$s were -is"all#
e7amined and ten wit& e-ident tension wood ormation1 determined b# pit&
as#mmetr# in t&e lon$it"dinal a7is o t&e lo$1 were selected( Wood discs wit& 4/
F cm t&ic3ness were c"t rom eac& lo$( 6n t&e discs1 t&e wood was separated
into tension (TW) and opposite wood (OW)( Wood c&ips rom eac& separated
re$ion1 TW and OW1 were &and/made( 2 raction o t&e wood c&ips was milled
in a 3nie mill and sie-ed to 4FH*0 mes& or c&emical c&aracteri%ation(
4
%.% Chemical characteri*ation of wood
;illed wood (2 $) was e7tracted in a So7&let apparat"s wit&
et&anolHtol"ene or 0 &1 ollowed b# e7traction wit& :F+ et&anol or anot&er 0 &(
!7tracti-e ree milled wood was "sed or s"bse9"ent c&emical anal#sis(
Samples were c&aracteri%ed or $l"cans and li$nin content b# t&e acid
&#drol#sis wit& C2+ >2SO4 ollowin$ t&e proced"re detailed b# ;endonIa et
al( (2000)( T&e carbo&#drates present in &emicell"loses were 9"antiied b# acid
met&anol#sis ollowed b# $as c&romato$rap&# anal#sis accordin$ to S"ndber$
et al( (1::*)( T&ioacidol#sis was perormed on 20 m$ o e7tracti-e/ree milled
wood in 10 m) o rea$ent accordin$ to t&e met&od p"blis&ed b# Rolando et al(
(1::2) and "sin$ $as c&romato$rap&# conditions detailed b# )" and Ralp&
(1::C)( T&is tec&ni9"e allows t&e 9"antiication o t&e amo"nt o s#rin$#l and
$"aiac#l "nits bonded b# ./O/4 lin3a$es and also t&e re9"enc# o ./O/4
lin3a$es in t&e li$nin( 2ll anal#ses described in t&is section were perormed in
triplicate or eac& sample(
%.+ Kraft pulping and EC, bleaching
Wood c&ips rom tension and opposite wood re$ions were s"bmitted to
'rat p"lpin$ in a rotar# di$ester e9"ipped wit& 4 independent 1(F/) -essels
(Re$med1 Bra%il)( !ac& -essel was loaded wit& F0 $ o wood c&ips (dr# basis)
and 200 m) o coo3in$ li9"or wit& acti-e al3ali (22) -ar#in$ rom 1C+ to 22+1
and ,0+ s"lidit# (bot& calc"lated on dr# wood basis and e7pressed as =aO>
e9"i-alents)( Reactor &eatin$ rate was 2(1J<Hmin1 coo3in$ temperat"re was
1*FJ< and t&e >/actor "sed was 000( Prod"ced p"lps were screened t&ro"$&
a 0(2 mm slot screen and t&e screened p"lp #ield was determined( 'appa
n"mber and p"lp bri$&tness were meas"red accordin$ to T2PP6 Standards
T2,* om/:: and T210 sp/021 respecti-el#( P"lp -iscosit# was meas"red
accordin$ to 6SO F,F1K2004 standard( ;ean iber len$t&1 iber widt&1 3in3 inde71
coarseness and ines were determined in 4iber Tester e9"ipment ()orent%en
and Wettre1 Sweden)( 2ppro7imatel# ,000 ibers were meas"red b# t&e
e9"ipment or t&e biometric c&aracteristics determination( Samples were
preparaed accordin$ to T2PP6 Standard T2C1 om02( >e7en"ronic acids (>e72)
content in 'rat p"lps was 9"antiied b# T2PP6 Standard T202 pm/0C( P"lps
5
rom tension and opposite wood o !( $lob"l"s prod"ced at 3appa n"mber 1*L1
were reined in a P46 mill and &ands&eets prepared accordin$ to T2PP6
Standard T240 sp/00 and T 220 sp/011 respecti-el#( Stren$t& properties were
meas"red accordin$ to Tappi StandardsK T4:4 om/:2 (tensile inde7)1 T414 om/
:0 (tear inde7) and T40, om/:C (b"rst inde7)(
'rat p"lps rom tension and opposite wood o !( $lob"l"s wit& 3appa
n"mber 1*L1 were bleac&ed "sin$ an elemental c&lorine ree (!<4) se9"ence1
O8
0
(!O)8
1
( O7#$en deli$niication was perormed in a 1/) Parr reactor (Parr
6nstr"ment <o(1 ?S2) loaded wit& 10 $ p"lp (dr# basis) impre$nated wit& 0(F+
;$SO
4
and 2+ =aO> (bot& on p"lp basis)( P"lp consistenc# was adM"sted to
10+ wit& distilled water@ t&e reactor was sealed and press"ri%ed wit& 100 psi
O
2
( Reaction was perormed at 1005<H*0 min( 8
0
and 8
1
steps were perormed
in pol#et&#lene ba$s at 10+ p"lp consistenc# "sin$ <lO
2
sol"tion wit& acti-e
c&lorine concentration adM"sted accordin$ to t&e 3appa actor (A!))!RST!8T
et al(1 200:)( T&e ba$ was sealed and t&e reaction carried o"t at *05<H40 min
(8
0
step) and C05<H1F0 min (8
1
step)( 2ter 8
0
and beore 8
1
1 p"lp was
s"bmitted to al3aline e7traction in presence o o7#$en (!O step)( T&is step was
perormed in t&e 1/) Parr reactor at 10+ p"lp consistenc# wit& 2+ =aO>1 *0
psi O
2
and *05<H*0 min( P"lp was was&ed in water1 centri"$ed and "sed or
t&e 8
1
bleac&in$ step( 2ter eac& bleac&in$ step1 3appa n"mber1 bri$&tness1
intrinsic -iscosit# and >e72 content in t&e p"lps were determined ollowin$ t&e
proced"res described pre-io"sl#(

+. RES$'TS
+.1 Chemical composition of tension and opposite wood of E.
globulus
6
Ten trees o !( $lob"l"s t&at presented tension wood ormation were
selected rom 40 trees sampled in a commercial plantation( T&e diameter at
breast &ei$t& o t&e trees -aried rom 10(1 to 2F(2 cm( 8etailed c&emical
composition o tension and opposite wood o !( $lob"l"s is s&own in Table 1(
T&e main dierences obser-ed were in t&e amo"nt o &emicell"loses and
7#lans1 w&ic& were :+ and ,4+ &i$&er in tension t&an in opposite wood1
respecti-el#@ and in li$nin content1 w&ic& was 1*+ lower in tension t&an in
opposite wood( Str"ct"rall#1 tension wood li$nin contains ,2+ more s#rin$#l
"nits (,1F0 molH$ li$nin) t&an opposite wood (2,C: molH$ li$nin)( T&e
increase in s#rin$#l "nits a-o"red t&e ormation o ar#l/et&er lin3a$es and t&e
amo"nt o ./O/4 bonds was also &i$&er in tension t&an in opposite wood
(04+ -s( *4+1 respecti-el#)(


+.% Kraft pulping
'rat p"lpin$ o tension and opposite wood o !( $lob"l"s was perormed
at >/actor 000 and acti-e al3ali (22) concentrations -ar#in$ rom 1C+ to 22+(
8"e to t&e low li$nin content and t&e &i$& amo"nt o ar#l/et&er lin3a$es1 tension
7
wood was easier deli$niied t&an opposite wood1 and p"lps wit& similar 3appa
n"mber were obtained wit& less acti-e al3ali (4i$"re 12)( Bleac&able/$rade
'rat p"lps wit& 3appa n"mber 1*L1 were obtained wit& 20+ 22 or tension
wood and wit& 22+ 22 or opposite wood( P"lp #ield was &i$&er in p"lps rom
tension wood wit& 3appa n"mber &i$&er t&an 1* (4i$"re 1B)( T&is is mainl#
owin$ to t&e low amo"nt o reMects in p"lps rom tension wood t&at -aried rom
C(2 to 0(:+ as compared wit& t&e amo"nt o reMects rom p"lps rom opposite
wood (rom 24(* to 1(C+)( >owe-er1 at 3appa n"mber 1*1 p"lp #ield o bot&
samples was aro"nd F1+ (b"t in tension wood it was ac&ie-ed wit& less 221 as
s&owed in 4i$( 12)(
+.+ ,iber properties
4iber c&aracteristics and p"lp stren$t& properties (Table 2) were
determined in t&e "nbleac&ed 'rat p"lps (?'P) o tension and opposite wood
o !( $lob"l"s prod"ced wit& 3appa n"mber 1*( 4iber len$t& was &i$&er in p"lp
rom tension t&an in p"lp rom opposite wood wit& -al"es o 0(CF mm and 0(0,
mm1 respecti-el#( 4iber widt& is rat&er similar in bot& p"lps (appro7imatel#
10 m)( P"lps rom tension wood presented lower n"mber o -essels t&an
p"lps rom opposite wood (10F -s( 20:1 respecti-el#)( 4iber coarseness (wei$&t
o t&e iber di-ided b# its len$t&) was 11+ &i$&er in p"lps rom tension wood(
T&e 3in3 inde71 a local deormation on t&e iber t&at can be a wea3 point and
t&e amo"nt o ines in p"lps o bot& t#pes o wood was similar( T&e intrinsic
-iscosit# o t&e tension wood p"lp is 1,(F+ &i$&er t&an in p"lp rom opposite
wood1 indicatin$ t&at cell"lose was de$raded at less e7tent d"rin$ coo3in$(
T&e "nbleac&ed p"lps prod"ced at 3appa 1* were reined in a P46 mill to
determine t&eir stren$t& properties( P"lps rom tension wood need more P46
re-ol"tions to ac&ie-e t&e same beatin$ de$ree t&an p"lps rom opposite wood
(Table 2)( Bot&1 iber anatom# and composition &a-e inl"ence in t&e p"lp
reinin$ and its properties( 8espite p"lps rom tension wood demanded more
ener$# to reine1 t&eir stren$t& properties were similar or sli$&tl# &i$&er t&an
p"lps rom opposite wood( T&e stren$t& properties were a-ored b# t&e &i$&er
iber len$t& and -iscosit# o t&e p"lps rom tension wood( T&e contrib"tion o t&e
resid"al 7#lans to t&e iber stren$t& properties is more contro-ersial and -aried
8
inormation is o"nd in t&e literat"re on its importance ()6=8STRN; et al(1
1::2@ SP6!A!)B!RA et al(1 1:**@ ;O)6= et al(1 2002@ S6)D2 et al(1 2011)(
+.- .ulp bleaching
!<4 bleac&in$ o p"lps rom tension and opposite wood was perormed
"sin$ an O8
0
(!O)8
1
se9"ence( T&e main parameters e-al"ated ater eac& o
t&e dierent sta$es were 3appa n"mber1 bri$&tness1 -iscosit# and >e72 amo"nt
(4i$"re 2)( ?nbleac&ed 'rat p"lps (?'P) prod"ced at 3appa n"mber 1*
presented t&e ollowin$ c&aracteristics or opposite and tension wood1
respecti-el#K ,C -s( ,:+ 6SO bri$&tness1 021 -s( :,2 cm
,
H$ intrinsic -iscosit#
and F0 -s( F2 mmol >e72H3$ p"lp(
'appa red"ction and bri$&tness $ain presented a similar be&a-io"r in
bot& t#pes o p"lps d"rin$ bleac&in$ (4i$s( 22 and 2B1 respecti-el#)( 4"ll#
bleac&ed p"lps presented 0:+ 6SO bri$&tness and 3appa n"mber below 2(
Si$niicant dierences in bleac&in$ o p"lps rom tension and opposite wood
were o"nd or -iscosit# and >e72 amo"nt( 8"rin$ bleac&in$1 -iscosit#
decreased 24+ or opposite wood p"lps and 21+ or tension wood p"lps( T&e
&i$& -iscosit# o p"lp rom tension wood was maintained d"rin$ bleac&in$ and
at t&e end o t&e process t&e -iscosit# o t&e p"lp rom tension wood was 10+
&i$&er t&an or p"lp rom opposite wood (C,C -s( *2, cm
,
H$1 respecti-el#)( T&e
>e72 amo"nt did not decreased wit& O
2
deli$niication since >e72 does not
react wit& o7#$en in al3aline medi"m (S>2<'4OR8 et al(1 2000)( >owe-er1
ater t&e two <lO
2
bleac&in$ steps1 t&e >e72 content was lower t&an 1F
mmolH3$ p"lp t&at is in t&e ran$e o -al"es "sed obtained or e"cal#pt"s p"lps
(<O)O8!TT! et al(1 2000@ <28!=2 et al(1 2010)(

-. #SC$SS"!
Tension wood is commonl# associated wit& branc&es or leanin$ stems
b"t co"ld also be present in well/$rowt& erected trees1 w&ic& ma3e diic"lt its
identiication in commercial stands planted or cell"losic p"lp prod"ction( Ten
rom ort# trees o 0/#ear old !( $lob"l"s were randoml# sampled in a
9
commercial plantation o a orest compan# and presented t&e ormation o
tension wood( T&e reaction wood was obser-ed in t&e irst 2 m rom t&e bottom
o t&e tree and was determined as an as#mmetr# o t&e pit& in t&e lon$it"dinal
a7is o t&e lo$( <&emical c&aracteri%ation s&owed dierences mainl# in t&e
content o 7#lans and li$nin1 and no si$niicant -ariation in t&e cell"lose content(
2$"a#o et al( (2010) s&owed t&at t&e distrib"tion o enric&ed carbo&#drate cell
walls in tension wood is not &omo$eneo"s t&ro"$&o"t all t&e re$ions1 bein$
located onl# in disperses %ones o 7#lem in an amo"nt t&at was not eno"$& to
be relected in dierences between t&e c&emical composition o tension and
opposite wood( T&e amo"nt o ot&er carbo&#drates present in t&e
&emicell"loses and t&e e7tracti-es were rat&er similar or presented small
dierences between bot& t#pes o wood( )i$nin o tension wood also presented
a &i$&er amo"nt o s#rin$#l "nits and ./O/4 lin3a$es t&an opposite wood( T&e
increase o s#rin$#l "nits in li$nin and its positi-e correlation wit& t&e ./O/4
lin3a$es ormation was pre-io"sl# reported b# se-eral a"t&ors (OOS!)!2? et
al(1 2004@ P6)2T! et al(1 2004@ R2)P> et al(1 2004@ A?!RR2 et al(1 2000)( T&e
low li$niication o tension wood cells and t&e &i$& amo"nt o 7#lans1 allow t&e
tension wood ibers act li3e Psprin$sP to restore t&e -erticalit# o t&e tree(
8espite t&ere were no pre-io"s antecedents on t&e p"lpin$ perormance
o tension wood in &ardwood species@ some c&aracteristics o t&e wood and
li$nin composition s"pported t&e res"lts obtained( Pinto et al( (200F) e-al"ated
t&e eect o str"ct"ral wood components o dierent &ardwoods species
(incl"din$ !( $lob"l"s) in 'rat p"lpin$ and reported t&at t&e ease de$radation
and dissol"tion o li$nin in coo3in$ li9"or was determined b# dierences in t&e
proportion o s#rin$#l and $"aiac#l "nits and t&e de$ree o condensation(
;ansield and Weineisen (200C) st"died t&e wood iber 9"alit# and 'rat p"lpin$
o Pop"l"s trem"loides clones and o"nd t&at t&ose trees wit& &i$& s#rin$#l to
$"aiac#l ratio (determined b# t&ioacidol#sis) acco"nt or impro-ed ease o
p"lpin$ and p"lpin$ #ield( T&ese res"lts were s"pported b# t&e p"blis&ed b#
A"erra et al( (2000) t&at e-al"ated t&e c&emical composition and p"lpin$ o
dierent !( $lob"l"s $enot#pes( Si$niicant -ariations were obser-ed in t&e p"lp
#ield and speciic cons"mption o wood to prod"ce p"lps wit& similar 3appa
n"mbers( T&e data reported pro-ides e-idence o t&e inl"ence o li$nin eat"res
10
in t&e p"lpin$ response o dierent e"cal#pt"s clones( Si$niicant correlations
were obser-ed between p"lp #ield and speciic cons"mption o wood1 and t&e
content o ./O/4 lin3a$es(
T&e iber c&aracteristics are in accordance to t&ose pre-io"sl# reported
or t&e species( Oor$e et al( (2000) reported t&at t&e iber len$t& in !(
$lob"l"s wood $rowin$ in Port"$al -aried rom 0(C to 1(4 mm1 w&ile ;"neri and
Ra#mond (2001) reported iber len$t& or !( $lob"l"s $rowin$ in t&e so"t& o
2"stralia -ar#in$ rom 0(F* to 0(CF mm( >i$& iber len$t&1 coarseness1 t&ic3er
cell walls1 n"mber o ibres per $ram o p"lp and p"lp -iscosit# can increase t&e
ener$# need to reine t&e p"lp (P2TT et al(1 200*@ AO;68! et al(1 200F)( On t&e
ot&er &and1 t&e resid"al 7#lans on t&e cell"lose ibres impro-e t&e beatabilit# o
p"lps and less ener$# is need in reinin$ (B>28?R6 et al(1 1::F@ S6)D2 et al(1
2011)( T&e &i$& -iscosit# is probabl# d"e to a less dama$e d"rin$ p"lpin$ and
preser-ation o t&e iber len$t& in tension ibers( T&ese c&aracteristics
contrib"ted to t&e sli$&tl# &i$&er iber properties o ibers rom tension wood(
Aenomics st"dies o tension wood ormation &a-e determined t&e
e7istence o dierentiall# e7pressed $enes d"rin$ tension wood ormation some
o t&em related wit& li$nin bios#nt&esis (P6)2T! et al(1 2004)( Wit& t&is
3nowled$e and t&e impact o tension wood in p"lp prod"ction1 "t"re st"dies or
$enetic impro-ement o t&e species co"ld be perormed and directed toward t&e
$eneration o $enot#pes wit& eat"res t#pical o tension wood b"t maintainin$
t&e ade9"ate stem orm and -ol"metric prod"ction o wood(

/. C"!C'$S"!
Res"lts obtained s&owed t&at tension wood presented c&emical
dierences in t&e content o 7#lans and li$nin content and str"ct"re1 t&at ca"sed
a decrease in al3ali cons"mption1 increase p"lp stren$t& properties and ca"sed
similar bleac&in$ perormance as compared wit& p"lps rom opposite wood(
11
>owe-er1 i t&e tension wood is not ab"ndant in a e"cal#pt"s plantation1 t&e
beneits obser-ed co"ld be ne$li$ible w&en processin$ lar$e -ol"mes o wood(
S0ntese do artigo.
O processo para a abricaIQo de papel tem -Rrios processos a serem
est"dados para a 9"e o prod"to inal ten&a alta perormance e 9"alidade1 como
por e7emplo1 o local de instalaIQo da planta1 se poss"i onte de a$"a prS7ima1
pois o processo demanda de m"ita a$"a1 re$iQo de instalaIQo de-ido ao clima
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para a matTria prima 9"e T a madeira1 alTm de e9"ipamentos modernos para
o mel&or controle na prod"IQo do prod"to inal 9"e T o papel(
O arti$o est"dado e% "m est"do de "ma das partes do processo
reerente Us caracterEsticas 9"Emicas e polpaIQo 'rat de madeira de tensQo a
partir do e"cal#pt"s $lob"l"s labill1 9"e T "ma das espTcies desta madeira(
Para o e7perimento oram selecionados as ar-ores de "ma mesma re$iQo
aleatoriamente do s"l do <&ile1 todas com o mesmo padrQo de 9"alidade e
medidas( 2s madeiras oram preparadas para a prod"IQo conorme as normas
e procedimentos MR descritos e est"dados para o processo de abricaIQo de
polpa 3rat( Para a obtenIQo do processo de polpaIQo 3rat1 as amostras oram
s"bmetidas a testes de laboratSrio sim"lando como se osse "ma prod"IQo
ind"strial em lar$a escala o mais real possE-el( 2s amostras passaram por
di$estor1 peneira e todo o processo necessRrio para a obtenIQo da polpa( 2s
polpas oram bran9"eadas para dar se9"encia no e7perimento(
2s dierenIas 9"e oram obser-adas apSs a obtenIQo da polpa esta-am
na 9"antidade de &emicel"loses e 7ilanos 9"e oram mais ele-adas em relaIQo
tensQo a o"tras espTcies analisadas( =o processo de polpaIQo 3rat1 a
-ariaIQo do n"mero 3appa nQo oi tQo si$niicati-a comparada com o"tra
espTcie1 MR em relaIQo aos reMeitos &o"-e "ma -ariaIQo si$niicati-a em relaIQo
a o"tra espTcie( 2s propriedades das ibras como comprimento e lar$"ra
apresentaram po"ca -ariaIQo1 porem o peso das ibras di-idido pelo se"
comprimento &o"-e "ma -ariaIQo de apro7imadamente 11+ comparada U
o"tra espTcie( !m relaIQo ao bran9"eamento nQo &o"-e m"ita -ariaIQo
si$niicati-a entre as espTcies(
2 concl"sQo do est"do determino" 9"e as Rr-ores plantadas podem ter
al$"ma -ariaIQo de 9"alidade 9"e podendo alterar o se" prod"to inal1 e 9"e T
diEcil a identiicaIQo desta amostras em "ma plantaIQo comercial como oi
"tili%ado no e7perimento reali%ado1 tambTm &o"-eram dierenIas nos
conteVdos das 7ilanas e li$ninas1 porem nQo &o"-e alteraIQo si$niicati-a no
conteVdo da amostra inal1 o"tro ponto obser-ado T de 9"e as paredes
cel"lares de carboidratos nQo sQo &omo$neas em todas as re$iWes( O 9"e oi
possE-el obser-ar e 9"e as amostras analisadas nQo oram s"icientes para se
reletir as dierenIas entre a composiIQo 9"Emica do e"calipto de o"tra espTcie(
!m relaIQo aos o"tros carboidratos e e7trati-os presentes na madeira os
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res"ltados das anRlises oram semel&antes o" apresentaram m"ito po"ca
-ariaIQo em relaIQo U o"tra 9"alidade de e"calipto( Os res"ltados e concl"sQo
inais obtidos mostraram 9"e 9"ando comparado no $eral em prod"IQo de
$rande escala ind"strial as espTcies de e"caliptos acabam se i$"alando de-ido
ao $rande -ol"me de madeira "tili%ado diariamente1 -indo nQo ter dierenIa
considerR-el no prod"to inal o" rendimento de prod"IQo1 para 9"e seMa
adotado somente o e"cal#pt"s $lob"l"s labill na obtenIQo da polpa 3rat(
Refer1ncia do artigo.
2cessado dia 10H0:H2014(
Re-( Xr-ore -ol(,* n5* DiIosa =o-(H8ec(2012
SiteK&ttpHHwww(scielo(brHscielo(p&pYscriptZsci[artte7t\pidZS0100/*C*22012000*0001C
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