Communicable Diseases Reviewer

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
Disease caused by an infectious agent that are transmitted directly

or indirectly to a well person through an agency, vector or inanimate
object
CONTAGO!" D"#A"#
Disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another
N$#CTO!" D"#A"#
Disease transmitted by direct inoculation through a brea% in the
s%in
N$#CTON
&#ntry and multiplication of an infectious agent into the tissue of the
host
N$#"TATON
& 'odgement and development of arthropods on the surface of the
body
A"#(""
& Absence of disease ) producing microorganisms
"#(""
& The presence of infection
*#DCA' A"#(""
-(ractices designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens
-Clean techni+ue
"!,GCA' A"#(""
-(ractices that render and %eep objects and areas free from
microorganisms
-Sterile techni+ue
CA,,#, ) an individual who harbors the organism and is capable
of transmitting it without showing manifestations of the disease
CA"# ) a person who is infected and manifesting the signs and
symptoms of the disease
"!"(#CT ) a person whose medical history and signs and
symptoms suggest that such person is suffering from that particular
disease
CONTACT ) any person who had been in close association with an
infected person
-O"T
& A person, animal or plant which harbors and provides nourishment
for a parasite
,#"#,.O,
& Natural habitat for the growth, multiplication and reproduction of
microorganism
"O'ATON
& The separation of persons with communicable diseases from other
persons
/!A,ANTN#
& The limitation of the freedom of movement of persons e0posed to
communicable diseases
"T#,'1ATON ) the process by which all microorganisms
including their spores are destroyed
D"N$#CTON ) the process by which pathogens but not their
spores are destroyed from inanimate objects
C'#ANNG ) the physical removal of visible dirt and debris by
washing contaminated surfaces
CONC!,,#NT
& Done immediately after the discharge of infectious materials 2
secretions
T#,*NA'
& Applied when the patient is no longer the source of infection
3ACT#,CDA'
& A chemical that %ills microorganisms
3ACT#,O"TATC
& An agent that prevents bacterial multiplication but does not %ill
microorganisms
C-AN O$ N$#CTON
N$#CTO!" AG#NT
Any microorganism capable of producing a disease
,#"#,.O,
#nvironment or object on which an organism can survive and
multiply
(O,TA' O$ #4T
The venue or way in which the organism leaves the reservoir
*OD# O$ T,AN"*""ON
The means by which the infectious agent passes from the portal of
e0it from the reservoir to the susceptible host
(O,TA' O$ #NT,5
(ermits the organism to gain entrance into the host
"!"C#(T3'# -O"T
A person at ris% for infection, whose defense mechanisms are
unable to withstand invasion of pathogens
"TAG#" O$ T-# N$#CTO!" (,OC#""
ncubation (eriod ) ac+uisition of pathogen to the onset of signs
and symptoms
(rodromal (eriod ) patient feels 6bad7 but not yet e0periencing
actual symptoms of the disease
(eriod of llness ) onset of typical or specific signs and symptoms
of a disease
Convalescent (eriod ) signs and symptoms start to abate and
client returns to normal health
*OD# O$ T,AN"*""ON
CONTACT T,AN"*""ON
Direct contact ) involves immediate and direct transfer from
person&to&person 8body surface&to&body surface9
ndirect contact ) occurs when a susceptible host is e0posed to a
contaminated object
D,O('#T T,AN"*""ON
Occurs when the mucous membrane of the nose, mouth or
conjunctiva are e0posed to secretions of an infected person within a
distance of three feet
.#-C'# T,AN"*""ON
Transfer of microorganisms by way of vehicles or contaminated
items that transmit pathogens
A,3O,N# T,AN"*""ON
Occurs when fine particles are suspended in the air for a long time
or when dust particles contain pathogens
.#CTO,&3O,N# T,AN"*""ON
Transmitted by biologic vectors li%e rats, snails and mos+uitoes
T5(#" O$ **!N1ATON
ACT.# ) antibodies produced by the body
NAT!,A' ) antibodies are formed in the presence of active
infection in the body: lifelong
A,T$CA' ) antigens are administered to stimulate antibody
production
(A"".# ) antibodies are produced by another source
NAT!,A' ) transferred from mother to newborn through placenta
or colostrum
A,T$CA' ) immune serum 8antibody9 from an animal or human
is injected to a person
"#.#N CAT#GO,#" O$ "O'ATON
"T,CT& prevent highly contagious or virulent infections
#0ample; chic%enpo0, herpes <oster
CONTACT ) spread primarily by close or direct contact
#0ample; scabies, herpes simple0
,#"(,ATO,5 ) prevent transmission of infectious distances
over short distances through the air
CD-Bucud 1
#0ample; measles, mumps, meningitis
T!3#,C!'O"" ) indicated for patients with positive smear or
chest 0&ray which strongly suggests tuberculosis
#NT#,C ) prevent transmission through direct contact with feces
#0ample; poliomyelitis, typhoid fever
D,ANAG# ) prevent transmission by direct or indirect contact with
purulent materials or discharge
#0= 3urns
!N.#,"A' ) prevent transmission of blood and body&fluid borne
pathogens
#0ample; AD", -epatitis 3
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
MENINGO-
COCCEMIA
MENINGITIS ENCEPHALITIS
MAIN PROBLEM
ETIOLOGIC AGENT
INCUBATION PERIOD
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
- Inflammation of
the brain
- Inflammation of
the meninge
! A"#te infe"tion of
the bloo$tream an$
$e%elo&ing %a"#liti
- Arbo%ir#e
- Stre&to"o""#
- Sta&h'lo"o""#
- Pne#mo"o""#
- T#ber"le ba"ill#
- Neieria meningiti$e
(!)( $a' )!)* $a' +!, $a'
Bite of infe"te$
mo-#ito
Re&irator' $ro&let
"GN" AND "5*(TO*" O$ #NC#(-A'T"
.ir# enter ne#ral "ell
Peri%a"#lar
"ongetion
Dir#&tion in
"ell#lar
f#n"tioning
Inflammator'
rea"tion
Letharg'
Con%#lion
Sei/#re
0ea$a"he
Photo&hobia
.omiting
Stiff ne"1
Fe%er
Sore throat
"GN" AND "5*(TO*" O$ *#NNGT"
T-,## "GN" O$ *#NNG#A' ,,TATON
O("T-OTON!"
"tate of severe hypere0tension and spasticity in which an individual>s
head, nec% and spinal column enter into a complete arching position
3,!D1N"?>" "GN
(lace the patient in a dorsal recumbent position and then put hands
behind the patient>s nec% and bend it forward=
f the patient fle0es the hips and %nees in response to the
manipulation, positive for meningitis
?#,NG>" "GN
(lace the patient in a supine position, fle0 his leg at the hip and %nee
then straighten the %nee: pain and resistance indicates meningitis
"GN" AND "5*(TO*" O$ *#NNGOCOCC#*A
URTI2
"o#gh3 ore
throat3
fe%er3
hea$a"he3
na#ea an$
%omiting
.a"#liti2
&ete"hial
rah in the
tr#n1 an$
e4tremitie
DIC
Mi"ro!
thromboi
P#r&#ra
0'&otenion
Sho"1
Death
MENINGO-
COCCEMIA
SIGNS AND S5MPTOMS
INCIDENCE
(!)* 'ear ol$ 6 ( 'ear ol$ 7 month8(
'ear ol$
Stiff ne"1
Photo&hobia
Letharg'
Con%#lion
N#"hal rigi$it'
O&ithoton#
Br#$/in1i9
:ernig9 ign
.a"#liti
;aterho#e!
Fri$eri"hen
'n$rome
Pete"hiae <ith
the $e%elo&ment
of hemorrhage
DAGNO"TC #4A*
nformed consent
#mpty bowel and bladder
$etal, shrimp or 6C7 position
"pinal canal, subarachnoid space between '@&'A or 'A& 'B
After; bedrest
$lat on bed to prevent spinal headache
MENINGO-
COCCEMIA
TREATMENT MODALITIES
PRE.ENTION
)= >a&anee
en"e&haliti
.A?
)= 0iB %a""ine
De4amethaone
Mannitol
Anti"on%#lant
Anti&'reti"
Ceftria4one
Peni"illin
Chloram&heni"ol
Rifam&i"in
Ci&roflo4a"in
CD-Bucud 2
MENINGO-
COCCEMIA
NURSING MANAGEMENT
)= Comfort2 -#iet3
<ell!%entilate$
room
@= S1in "are2
"leaning bath3
"hange in
&oition
+= Eliminate
mo-#ito
bree$ing ite2
CULE?
mo-#ito
)= Re&irator'
iolation @,!A@
ho#r after onet
of antibioti"
thera&'
@= Room &rote"te$
againt bright
light
+= Safet'2 i$e!l'ing
&oition an$
raie$ i$e rail
)= Si$e boar$
@= Cloe "onta"t
0 8 o#e
I 8 nfe"te$ &eron
1iing
S 8 ame $a'"are
"enter
S 8 hare mo#th
intr#ment
+= Antibioti" a
&ro&h'la4i
TETANUS RABIES POLIOMYELITIS
MAIN PROBLEM
ETIOLOGIC AGENT
A"#te infe"tion of
the CNS 8 m#"le
&am3 &arei an$
&aral'i
A"#te %iral $ieae
of the CNS 8 b'
ali%a of infe"te$
animal
A"#te infe"tio#
$ieae <ith 'temi"
ne#rom#"#lar
effe"t
Legio $ebilitan
Rhab$o%ir#
B#llet!ha&e$
Affinit' to CNS
:ille$ b' #nlight3
U. light3 formalin
Reitant to
antibioti"
Clotri$i#m tetani
Anaerobi"
Gram &oiti%e
Dr#mti"1
a&&earan"e
INCUBATION PERIOD
A!@) $a'
@!B <ee1
A$#lt2 + $a'!+
<ee1
Ditan"e of bite to
brain
! Dire"t "onta"t <ith
infe"te$ fe"e
Bite of an infe"te$
animal
Dire"t ino"#lation
thro#gh a bro1en
1in
E4teni%ene of the
bite
Reitan"e of the
hot
Neonate2 +!+* $a'
! Dire"t "onta"t <ith
re&irator' e"retion
! In$ire"t <ith oile$
linen an$ arti"le
SIGNS AND S5MPTOMS
)= Aborti%e t'&e )= Pro$romal C
in%aion
&hae
R 8 i# ar$oni"#
+= Paral'ti" t'&e
@= Pre!&aral'ti"
or meningeti"
t'&e
+= Terminal C
&aral'ti" t'&e
@= E4"itement C
ne#rologi"al
&hae
O 8 &itothon#
T 8 rim#
C 8 on%#lion
0 8 ea$a"he
I 8 rritabilit'
L 8 ar'ngeal
&am
POLIO
ABORTIVE TYPE
Does not invade the CN"
-eadache
"ore throat
,ecovery within CD hours and the disease passes by unnoticed
PRE-PARALYTIC OR MENINGETIC TYPE
"light involvement of the CN"
(ain and spasm of muscles
Transient paresis
8E9 (andy>s test 8increased protein in the C"$9
PARALYTIC TYPE
CN" involvement
$laccid paralysis
Asymmetric
Affects lower e0tremities
!rine retention and constipation
8E9 -O5N#>" "GN 8when in supine position, head will fall bac%
when shoulders are elevated9
RABIES
PRODROMAL/INVASION PHASE
$ever
Anore0ia
"ore throat
(ain and tingling at the site of bite
Difficulty swallowing
EXCITEMENT OR NEUROLOGICAL PHASE
-ydrophobia 8laryngospasm9
Aerophobia 8bronchospasm9
Delirium
*aniacal behavior
Drooling
TERMINAL OR PARALYTIC PHASE
(atient becomes unconscious
'oss of urine and bowel control
(rogressive paralysis
Death
COMPLICATION
ISOLATION PRECAUTION
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
Paral'i of
re&irator' m#"le
RESPIRATOR5
FAILURE
DEAT0
)= Stool "#lt#re
)= Throat <ahing )= Bloo$ e4am
Enteri" iolation Re&irator'
iolation
@= CSF "#lt#re
@= Flo#re"ent rabie
antibo$' DFRAE
+= Negri bo$ie
)= Analgei" )= Lo"al
treatment of
<o#n$
)= Tetan# imm#ne
glob#lin DTIGE
@= Mor&hine
+= Moit heat
a&&li"ation
,= Be$ ret
(= Rehabilitation
@= A"ti%e
imm#ni/ation
L'a%a"
Imo%a4
Antirabie %a4
@= Pai%e
imm#ni/ation
@= Tetan# antito4in
DTATE
+= Peni"illin G
,= Tetra"'"line
(= Dia/e&am
7= Phenobarbital
A= Tra"heotom'
B= NGT fee$ing
CD-Bucud 3
NURSING MANAGEMENT
)= Enteri" iolation
)= Iolation
)= A$e-#ate air<a'
@= Pro&er $i&oal
of e"retion
+= Moit hot &a"1
,= Firm C
nonagging be$
(= S#itable bo$'
alignment
7= Comfort an$
afet'
@= O&tim#m
"omfort
+= Retf#l
en%ironment
,= Emotional
#&&ort
(= Con"#rrent
an$ terminal
$iinfe"tion
@= F#iet3 emi!$ar1
en%ironment
+= A%oi$ #$$en
tim#li an$ light
PRE.ENTION
Sal1 %a""ine
- Inactivated
polio vaccine
- Intramuscular
)= If the $og i
health'
)= Ae&ti"
han$ling of
#mbili"al "or$
Sabin %a""ine
- Oral polio
vaccine
- Per orem
@= If the $og $ie or
ho< ign
#ggeti%e of
rabie
+= If $og i not
a%ailable for
ober%ation
,= 0a%e $ometi"
$og + month to
) 'ear ol$
imm#ni/e$
@= Tetan# to4oi$
imm#ni/ation
+= Antibioti"
&ro&h'la4i
- Penicillin
- Erythromycin
! Tetracycline
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
SARS BIRD FLU
MAIN PROBLEM
ETIOLOGIC AGENT
INCUBATION PERIOD
Fl# infe"tion in bir$ that
affe"t h#man
A ne< t'&e of at'&i"al &ne#monia
that infe"t the l#ng
A%ian infl#en/a %ir#3 0(N) Corona %ir#
+!( $a' @!B $a'
Inhalation of fe"e an$
$i"harge of an infe"te$ bir$
Re&irator' $ro&let
SARS BIRD FLU
SIGNS AND S5MPTOMS
Bo$' <ea1ne or m#"le
&ain
0igh fe%er G+B9Celi#
Chill
Co#gh
Diffi"#lt' breathing
E&io$e of ore throat
Fe%er
SARS BIRD FLU
COMPLICATIONS
Se%ere %iral &ne#monia
A"#te re&irator' $itre
'n$rome
0'&o4emia
Fl#i$ a""#m#lation in
al%eolar a"
Se%ere breathing $iffi"#ltie
M#lti&le organ fail#re
DEAT0
Se%ere %iral
&ne#monia
Re&irator' fail#re
SARS BIRD FLU
- Generi" fl# $r#g
)= No $efiniti%e treatment
for SARS
)= Amanta$ineCRimanta$ine
! 0(N) $e%elo&e$ reitan"e
@= Oeltami%ir DTAMIFLUE
Hanama%ir DRELENHAE
! Primar' treatment
- ;ithin @ $a' at onet of
'm&tom
- )(* mg BID 4 @ $a'
@= Anti%iral $r#g
Dnormall' #e$ to treat
AIDSE
! RIBA.IRIN
+= Corti"oteroi$
SARS BIRD FLU
PRE.ENTION
)=C#lling 8 1illing of
i"1 or e4&oe$
bir$
)=F#arantine
@= Banning of
im&ortation of
bir$ DE4e"#ti%e
or$er I @B*E
+= Coo1 "hi"1en
thoro#ghl'
@= Iolation
+= ;0O alert
on SARS
DMar"h )@3
@**+E
NURSING MANAGEMENT
BIRD FLU
WHAT TO DO WITH A PERSON SUSPECTED TO HAVE BIRD
FLU
solation
$ace mask on the patient
Caregiver; use a fac mask and ! "#""$s/"$asss
Distance of % m&' from the patient
Transport the patient to a DOH 'f''a$ (#s)*&a$
,#$#,,A' -O"(TA'"
Na&*#+a$ Rf''a$ C+&' ) ,esearch nstitute for Tropical
*edicine ,RITM- 8Alabang, *untinlupa9
L./#+ ) Sa+ La/a'# H#s)*&a$ 8/uiricada "t=, "ta= Cru<,
*anila9
V*sa!as ) V*c+& S#&&# Mm#'*a$ M0*ca$ H#s)*&a$
8Cebu City9
M*+0a+a# ) Da1a# M0*ca$ C+&' 83ajada, Davao City9
S A R S
"!"(#CT CA"#
F= A person presenting after F November DGGD with a history of;
H*"( f1' 234 5C AND
C#."( #' 6'a&(*+" 0*ff*c.$&! AND
CD-Bucud 4
One or more of the following e0posures during the %5 0a!s
prior to the onset of symptoms;
C$#s c#+&ac& , with a person who is a suspect or
probable case of "A,"
H*s&#'! #f &'a1$ , to an area with recent local
transmission of "A,"
Rs*0*+" in an area with recent local transmission of
"A,"
D= A person with an .+7)$a*+0 ac.& 's)*'a&#'! *$$+ss resulting
in 0a&( after F November DGGD, but on whom +# a.&#)s! has been
performed ;
AND
One or more of the following e0posures during the FG days
prior to the onset of symptoms;
C$#s c#+&ac& , with a person who is a suspect or
probable case of "A,"
H*s&#'! #f &'a1$ , to an area with recent local
transmission of "A,"
Rs*0*+" in an area with recent local transmission of
"A,"
(,O3A3'# CA"#
F= A suspect case with 'a0*#"'a)(*c 1*0+c of infiltrates consistent
with pneumonia or respiratory distress syndrome on Chest 0&ray=
D= A suspect case of "A," that is positive for SARS c#'#+a1*'.s by
one or more assa!s8
@= A suspect case with a.&#)s! f*+0*+"s consistent with the
pathology of "A," without an identifiable cause=
PERTUSSIS DIPHTHERIA
MAIN PROBLEM
ETIOLOGIC AGENT
INCUBATION PERIOD
A"#te ba"terial $ieae
"hara"teri/e$ b' the elaboration
of an e4oto4in
Re&eate$ atta"1 of &amo$i"
"o#ghing
Cor'neba"teri#m$i&htheriae or
:leb!Loeffler ba"ill#
Bor$etella &ert#i
@!( $a'
A!), $a'
)= Re&irator' $ro&let
2. Dire"t "onta"t <ith re&irator' e"retion
+= In$ire"t "onta"t <ith arti"le

SIGNS AND S5MPTOMS
T'&e2
)=Naal
@=Tonilo&har'ngeal
+=Lar'ngeal
,=;o#n$ or
"#taneo#
Stage2
)= Catarrhal
@= Paro4'mal
+= Con%ale"ent

NA"A' D(-T-#,A
B$##0! 0*sc(a'" f'#m &( +#s
E7c#'*a&0 +a's a+0 .))' $*)
TON"'O(-A,5NG#A' D(-T-#,A
L#9 "'a0 f1'
S#' &('#a&
B.$$-+ck a))a'a+c
Ps.0#mm6'a+- Group of pale yellow membrane over
tonsils and at the bac% of the throat as an inflammatory
response to a powerful necroti<ing to0ins
'A,5NG#A' D(-T-#,A
H#a's+ss
C'#.)! c#."(
A)(#+*a
Mm6'a+ $*+*+" &(*ck+s a*'9a! #6s&'.c&*#+
S.ff#ca&*#+: c!a+#s*s #' 0a&(
HO!ND O, C!TAN#O!" D(-T-#,A
Y$$#9 s)#&s #' s#'s *+ &( sk*+
PERTUSSIS
CATA,,-A' "TAG#
Las&s f#' % &# ; 9ks
M#s& c#mm.+*ca6$ s&a"
B"*+s 9*&( 's)*'a&#'! *+fc&*#+: s+/*+": c#."( a+0
f1'
C#."( 6c#ms m#' f'<.+& a& +*"(&
(A,O45"*A' "TAG#
Las&s f#' = &# > 9ks
A.'a? s+/*+": &*ck$*+": *&c(*+" #f &('#a&
C#."(: 7)$#s*1 #.&6.'s& +0*+" *+ @9(##)A
M.c.s *s &(*ck: +0s *+ 1#m*&*+"
Bc#ms c!a+#&*c
W*&( )'#f.s s9a&*+": *+1#$.+&a'! .'*+a&*#+ a+0
7(a.s&*#+
CON.A'#"C#NT "TAG#
E+0 #f =&(->&( 9k
Dc'as *+ )a'#7!sms
SC0IC:9S TESTS
CBC 8 in"reae in
l'm&ho"'te ! S#"e&tibilit' an$ imm#nit' to
$i&htheria
-ID of $il#te $i&htheria to4in D*=)
""E
DJE lo"al "ir"#m"ribe$ area of
re$ne3 )!+ "m
MALONE59S TEST
!Determine h'&ereniti%it' to
$i&htheria anti!to4in
-ID of *=) "" fl#i$ to4oi$
-DJE area of er'thema in @, ho#r

COMPLICATIONS
To4in in the bloo$tream
M'o"ar$iti
De&igatri"
or "het
&ainE
Peri&heral
&aral'i
Dtingling3
n#mbne3
&areiE
Bron"ho!
&ne#monia
Dfe%er3
"o#ghE
0eart
fail#re
De"reae$
in
re&irator'
rate
Re&irat
or'
arret
DEAT0
Con%#lion Dbrain
$amage from
a&h'4iaE
Otiti me$ia
Din%a$ing
organimE
Bron"ho&ne#monia
Dmot $angero#
"om&li"ationE
)= Di&htheria anti!to4in )= Er'throm'"in 8 $r#g of
"hoi"e
- Requires skin testing
- Early administration
aimed at neutralizing the
toin present in the
circulation !e"ore it is
a!sor!ed !y the tissues
@= Antibioti" thera&'
- Penicillin #
- Erythromycin
@= Am&i"illin 8 if reitant
to er'throm'"in
+= Betamethaone
D"orti"oteroi$E 8
$e"reae e%erit' an$
length of &aro4'm
,= Alb#terol
Dbron"ho$ilatorE

CD-Bucud 5
NURSING MANAGEMENT
)= Iolation2 ), $a' D#ntil
@!+ "#lt#re3 @, ho#r
a&artE
)= Iolation2 ,!7 <ee1 from
onet of illne
@= Be$ret for @ <ee1
+= Care for noe an$
throat Dgentle <abbingE
,= I"e "ollar D$e"reae &ain
of ore throatE
(= Diet Doft foo$3 mall
fre-#ent fee$ingE
@= S#&&orti%e mea#re
Dbe$ret3 a%oi$
e4"itement3 $#t3 mo1e
an$ <arm bathE
+= Safet' D$#ring
&aro4'm3 &atient
ho#l$ not be left aloneE
,= S#"tioning D1e&t at
be$i$e for emergen"'
#eE
MUMPS
MAIN PROBLEM
An acute contagious disease, with swelling of one or both of the
parotid glands
ETIOLOGIC AGENT
$ilterable virus of paramy0ovirus group
INCUBATION PERIOD
FD&DI days
,espiratory droplets
PERIOD OF COMMUNICABILITY
I days before and J days after onset of parotid swelling
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
(,OD,O*A' (-A"#
$&ever 8low grade9
-&eadache
*&alaise
(A,OTT"
$&ace pain
#&arache
"&welling of the parotid glands
CO*('CATON"
Orchitis ) the most notorious complication of mumps
Oophoritis ) manifested by pain and tenderness of the
abdomen
CN" involvement ) manifested by headache, stiff nec%,
delirium, double vision
Deafness as a result of mumps
N!,"NG *ANAG#*#NT
F= (revent complications
"crotum supported by suspensory
!se of sedatives to relieve pain
Treatment; oral dose of @GG&AGG mg cortisone followed by FGG
mg every I hours
Nic% in the membrane
D= Diet
& "oft or li+uid diet
& "our foods or fruit juices are disli%ed
@= ,espiratory isolation
A= Comfort; ice collar or cold applications over the parotid glands may
relieve pain
B= $ever; aspirin, tepid sponge bath
I= Concurrent disinfection; all materials contaminated by these
secretions should be cleansed by boiling
C= Terminal disinfection; room should be aired for si0 to eight hours
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
SHIGELLOSIS AMOEBIASIS
MAIN PROBLEM
ETIOLOGIC AGENT
Proto/oal infe"tion of the large
intetine
A"#te infe"tion of the lining
of the mall intetine
Entamoeba hitol'ti"a
Shigella gro#&
! Pre%alent in area <ith ill
anitation
-A"-#ire$ b' <allo<ing
! Tro&ho/oite2 %egetati%e form
! C't2 infe"ti%e tage
)= Shigella fleneri 8 mot
"ommon in the Phili&&ine
@= Shigella "onnei
+= Shigella bo'$ii
,= Shigella $'enterae 8 mot
infe"tio# t'&e

SIGNS AND S5MPTOMS
)= A"#te amoebi" $'enter'
Fe%er
! Diarrhea alternate$ <ith
"onti&ation
- Tenem#
@= Chroni" amoebi"
$'enter'
! Bloo$' m#"oi$ tool
! Enlarge$ li%er
- Large lo#gh of intetinal
ti#e a""om&anie$ b'
hemorrhage
Ab$ominal &ain
Diarrhea an$
tenem#
Bloo$' m#"oi$
tool
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
)= Stool e4am
)= Metroni$a/ole 8 $r#g
of "hoi"e
)= Cotrimo4a/ole 8 $r#g
of "hoi"e
@= Bloo$ e4am
+= Sigmoi$o"o&'
@= Tetra"'"line
+= Chloram&heni"ol

NURSING MANAGEMENT
)= Enteri" iolation
@= Boil <ater for
$rin1ing
+= 0an$<ahing
,= Se4#al a"ti%it'
(= A%oi$ eating
#n"oo1e$ leaf'
%egetable
CD-Bucud 6
TYPHOID FEVER CHOLERA
MAIN PROBLEM
ETIOLOGIC AGENT
INCUBATION PERIOD
A"#te ba"terial $ieae of the
GIT "hara"teri/e$ b' &rof#e
e"retor' $iarrhea
An infe"tion affe"ting the
Pe'er9 &at"he of the mall
intetine
.ibrio "holerae Salmonella t'&hi
) to + $a' ) to + <ee1
)= Fe"al!oral tranmiion
@= ( F9
SIGNS AND S5MPTOMS
Ri"e!<ater tool
Fe%er Dla$$er!li1eE
Ab$ominal "ram&
.omiting
Intra%a"#lar
Deh'$ration
Sho"1
Roe &ot
Diarrhea
T5P0OID STATE
Sor$e
S#b#lt# Ten$in#m
Coma %igil
Car&hologia
)= La"tate$ Ringer9
ol#tion
)= Chloram&heni"ol 8
$r#g of "hoi"e
@= Oral reh'$ration
thera&'
+= Antibioti" thera&'
- Tetra"'"line 8 $r#g
of "hoi"e
- Cotrimo4a/ole
- Chloram&heni"ol
@= Am&i"illinC
Amo4i"illin 8 for
t'&hoi$ "arrier
+= Cotrimo4a/ole 8 for
e%ere "ae <ith
rela&e
NURSING MANAGEMENT
)= Maintain an$ retore the fl#i$
an$ ele"trol'te balan"e
@= Enteri" iolation
+= Sanitar' $i&oal of e4"reta
,= A$e-#ate &ro%iion of afe
$rin1ing <ater
(= Goo$ &eronal h'giene
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
HERPES BOSTER CHICCENPOX
MAIN PROBLEM
ETIOLOGIC AGENT
INCUBATION PERIOD
A highl' "ontagio# $ieae
"hara"teri/e$ b' %ei"#lar
er#&tion on the 1in an$
m#"o# membrane
An a"#te %iral infe"tion of
the enor' ner%e
.ari"ella /oter %ir#
)*!@) $a' )+!)A $a'
)= Dro&let metho$
@= Dire"t "onta"t
+= In$ire"t "onta"t
SIGNS AND S5MPTOMS
PERIOD OF COMMUNICABILIT5
One $a' before er#&tion
of )
t
leion an$ fi%e $a'
after a&&earan"e of lat
"ro&
One $a' before er#&tion
of )
t
rah an$ fi%e to i4
$a' after the lat "r#t
PRODROMAL
PERIOD
- Fever $lo%-grade&
- 0eadache
- Malaise
SIGNS AND S5MPTOMS
Rashes ' (entri"ugal
distri!ution
Rahe
-Unilateral3 ban$!li1e
$itrib#tion
Rash stages' macule
papule vesicle
pustule crust
Pruritus
-Dermatomal
! Er'themato# bae
! .ei"#lar3 &#t#lar or
"r#ting
Regional
l'm&ha$eno&ath'
Pr#rit#
Pain 8 tabbing or
b#rning
COMPLICATIONS
SCARRING ) most common
complication* associated %ith
staphylococcal or streptococcal
in"ections "rom scratching
NECROTIHING FASCIITIS )
most severe complication
RE5E S5NDROME )
a!normal accumulation o" "at in
the liver plus increase o"
pressure in the !rain resulting to
coma+ there"ore leading to
,E-./
RAMSA5!0UNT
S5NDROME - Involvement o" Involvement o"
the "acial nerve in herpes zoster the "acial nerve in herpes zoster
%ith "acial paralysis+ hearing %ith "acial paralysis+ hearing
loss+ loss o" taste in hal" o" the loss+ loss o" taste in hal" o" the
tongue tongue
GASSERIAN
GANGLIONITIS )
Involvement o" the optic nerve
resulting to corneal anesthesia
ENCEP0ALITIS ) acute
in"lammatory condition o" the
!rain
CD-Bucud 7
)= Antihitamine 8
'm&tomati" relief of it"hing
E4= Di&henh'$ramine
DBena$r'lE
@= Analgei" an$ anti&'reti"
E4= A"etamino&hen
+= Anti%iral agent 8 for &atient to
e4&erien"e le &ain an$ fater
reol#tion of leion <hen #e$ <ithin
,B ho#r of rah onet
E4= A"'"lo%ir DHo%ira4E
,= Corti"oteroi$ 8 anti!
inflammator' an$ $e"reae$
&ain
E4= Pre$nione
NURSING MANAGEMENT
Strict isolation
Prevent secondary in"ection $cut
"ingernails short+ %ear mittens&
Eliminate itching' calamine
lotions+ %arm !aths+ !aking soda
paste
Encourage not going to school'
usually 0 days
Disin"ection o" clothes and linen
%ith nasopharyngeal discharges
!y sunlight or !oiling
GERMAN MEASLES MEASLES
MAIN PROBLEM
ETIOLOGIC AGENT
INCUBATION PERIOD
A "ontagio# e4anthemato#
$ieae <ith "hief 'm&tom to
the #&&er re&irator' tra"t
A benign "omm#ni"able
e4anthemato# $ieae "a#e$
b' r#bella %ir#
)= Dro&let metho$
R#bella %ir#
)*!)@ $a'
),!@) $a'
Filterable %ir# of
&aram'4o%iri$ae
@= Dire"t "onta"t <ith re&irator' $i"harge
+= In$ire"t <ith oile$ linen an$ arti"le
PERIOD OF COMMUNICABILIT5
SIGNS AND S5MPTOMS
, $a' before an$ ( $a' after
the a&&earan"e of rahe
One <ee1 before an$ fo#r $a'
after the a&&earan"e of rahe
PRE!ERUPTI.E STAGE PRE!ERUPTI.E STAGE
Cough
Coryza
Con1unctivitis
Fever $high-grade&
Photopho!ia
Fever
0eadache
Malaise
Coryza
Con1unctivitis
COPLICDS SPOT ,R.6#$a-
& 3luish white spots surrounded by a red halo
& Appear on the buccal mucosa opposite the premolar teeth
FORCHEIMERDS SPOTS ,R.6$$a-
& small, red lesions
& "oft palate to mucus membrane
SIGNS AND S5MPTOMS
@= ERUPTI.E STAGE
ERUPTI.E STAGE
Rahe
- Ele%ate$ &a&#le
- Begin on the fa"e and !ehind
the ears
- 2pread to trunk and
etremities
(olor' Dar1 re$ 8 &#r&lih h#e
8 'ello< bro<n
+= Stage of Con%ale"en"e
- De-#amation
- Rahe fa$e from the fa"e
$o<n<ar$
)= Rah
- &in1ih+ maculopapular
- Begin on the fa"e
- 2pread to trunk or lim!s
! No &igmentation or
$e-#amation
@= Poterior a#ri"#lar an$
#bo""i&ital
l'm&ha$eno&ath'
COMPLICATIONS
Pneumonia
3. Encephalitis
Otitis media
Severe diarrhea $leading
to dehydration&
Encephalitis
@= Congenital r#bella 'n$rome
- 2pontaneous a!ortion
- Intrauterine gro%th retardation
$I4#R&
- .hrom!ocytopenia purpura
Kbl#eberr' m#ffin 1inL
- (le"t lip+ cle"t palate+ clu! "oot
- /eart de"ects $PDA+ 52,&
- Eye de"ects $Catara"t+
glaucoma&
- Ear de"ects $,ea"ness&
- 6eurologic $mi"ro"e&hal'+
mental retardation+ !ehavioral
distur!ances
3. 5itamin - ) helps
prevent eye damage
and !lindness
3. -spirin ) help reduce
in"lammation and
"ever
2. -ntipyretics ) "or
"ever
7. Penicillin ) given
only %hen secondary
in"ection sets in
NURSING MANAGEMENT
)= Dar1ene$ room to relie%e &hoto&hobia
@= Diet2 ho#l$ be li-#i$ b#t no#rihing
+= ;arm aline ol#tion for e'e to relie%e
e'e irritation
,= For fe%er2 te&i$ &onge bath an$ anti!
&'reti"
(= S1in "are2 $#ring er#&ti%e tage3 oa& i
omitte$M bi"arbonate of o$a in <ater or
lotion to relie%e it"hine
7= Pre%ent &rea$ of infe"tion2 re&irator'
iolation
SCABIES
MAIN PROBLEM
nfestation of the s%in produced by the burrowing action of a parasite
mite resulting in s%in irritation and formation of vesicles and pustules
ETIOLOGIC AGENT
"arcoptes scabiei
CD-Bucud 8
INCUBATION PERIOD
Hithin DA hours
Direct contact
ndirect contact
Sarcoptes scabiei
%8 Y$$#9*s( 9(*& *+ c#$#'
;8 Ba'$! s+ 6! &( .+a*00 !
38 Fma$ )a'as*& 6.''#9s 6+a&( &( )*0'm*s &# $a! ""s
=8 Ma$s a' sma$$' a+0 's*0 #+ &( s.'fac #f &( sk*+
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
T hin, pencil&mar% lines on the s%in
tching, especially at night
,ashes and abrasions on the s%in
PRIMARY LESIONS
NODULAR LESIONS
SECONDARY LESIONS
"CA3CD# ; #ura0 ointment 8Crotamiton9
(#DC!'CD# ; ?well lotion 8Gamma 3en<ene
-e0achloride9 ) contraindicated in young children and
pregnant women
Topical steroids
-ydrogen pero0ide ; cleanliness of wound
'indane 'otion
NURSING MANAGEMENT
Apply cream at bedtime, from nec% to toes
nstruct patient to avoid bathing for K to FD hours
Dry&clean or boil bedclothes
,eport any s%in irritation
$amily members and close contact treatment
Good handwashing
Terminal disinfection
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
SYPHILIS AIDS
MAIN PROBLEM
ETIOLOGIC AGENT
INCUBATION PERIOD
Final an$ mot erio# tage
of 0I. $ieae3 <hi"h "a#e
e%ere $amage to the imm#ne
'tem
Infe"tio# $ieae "a#e$
b' a &iro"hete
Retro%ir# 8 0#man T!"ell
l'm&hotro&i" %ir# III
D0TL.!+E
Tre&onema &alli$#m
+ to 7 month to B to )* 'ear )*!N* $a'
SYPHILIS AIDS
Seual contact ) oral+ anal or
vaginal se
Blood trans"usion
Mother-to-child
Indirect contact through soiled
articles
SYPHILIS AIDS
SIGNS AND S5MPTOMS
OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS
)= Pne#mo"'ti "arinni
&ne#monia
@= Oral "an$i$iai
+= To4o&lamoi
,= A"#teC"hroni" $iarrhea
(= P#lmonar' t#ber"#loi
MALIGNANCIES
)= :a&oi9 ar"oma
@= Non!0o$g1in9 l'm&homa
SYPHILIS AIDS
SIGNS AND S5MPTOMS
)= PRIMAR5 S5P0ILIS
- C0ANCRE2 mall3 &ainle3
&im&le!li1e #l"eration on the
&eni3 labia maOora3 minora
an$ li&
- Ma' er#&t in the genitalia3
an#3 ni&&le3 tonil or e'eli$
! L'm&ha$eno&ath'
SYPHILIS AIDS
SIGNS AND S5MPTOMS
@= SECONDAR5 S5P0ILIS
- S1in rah
- M#"o# &at"he
- 0air lo
- COND5LOMATA LATA2
"oale"ing &a&#le <hi"h
form a gra'!<hite &la-#e
fre-#entl' in 1in fol$
SYPHILIS AIDS
SIGNS AND S5MPTOMS
+= TERTIAR5 S5P0ILIS
! ) to )* 'ear after infe"tion
! A&&ear on the 1in3 bone3
m#"# membrane3 URT3 li%er
an$ toma"h
- GUMMA2 "hroni"3 #&erfi"ial
no$#le or $ee&
gran#lomato# leion that i
olitar'3 &ainle3 in$#rate$
CD-Bucud 9
SYPHILIS AIDS
)=ELISA )=Dar1 Fiel$
Ill#mination tet
@= ;etern blot
+= RIPA
,= PCR
@= Flo#re"ent
Tre&onemal
Antibo$'
Abor&tion Tet
+= .DRL
SYPHILIS AIDS
)= Anti%iral
- 2horten the clinical
course+ prevent
complications+ prevent
development o"
latency+ decrease
transmission
- Eample' Hi$o%#$ine
DRetro%irE
)= Peni"illin G Ben/athine
- Dieae 6 ) 'ear2 @=, M #nit
on"e in t<o inOe"tion ite
- Dieae G ) 'ear2 @=, M #nit
in @ inOe"tion ite 4 + $oe
@= Do4'"'"line 8 if allergi" to
&eni"illin
+= Tetra"'"line
- if allergi" to &eni"illin
- Contrain$i"ate$ for
&regnant <omen
GONORRHEA CHLAMYDIA
MAIN PROBLEM
ETIOLOGIC AGENT
INCUBATION PERIOD
P#r#lent inflammation of m#"o#
membrane #rfa"e
Se4#all' tranmitte$ $ieae "a#e$ b' a ba"teria
Chlam'$ia tra"homati Neieria gonorrhea
@!+ <ee1 DmaleE
@!)* $a'
Se4#al "onta"t2 Oral3 %aginal or anal e4
A'm&tomati" DfemaleE
GONORRHEA CHLAMYDIA
SIGNS AND S5MPTOMS
;omen
Ab$ominal or &el%i" &ain
Blee$ing after inter"o#re an$
in!bet<een mene
Un##al %aginal $i"harge
;omen
Blee$ing after inter"o#re
B#rning enation $#ring
#rination
5ello< or bloo$' %aginal
$i"harge
Men
B#rning <ith #rination
S<ollen3 &ainf#l teti"le
Di"harge from the &eni
;hite3 'ello< or
green &# "rom the
penis
GONORRHEA CHLAMYDIA
COMPLICATIONS
;omen
Pel%i" inflammator'
$ieae
E"to&i" &regnan"'
Sterilit'
Men
E&i$i$'miti
Sterilit'
Ne<born
ConO#n"ti%iti
Otiti me$ia
Pne#monia
Ne<born
Gono"o""al o&hthalmia
GONORRHEA CHLAMYDIA
)= A/ithrom'"in
DHithroma4E
)= Cefi4ime
- Dr#g of "hoi"e !ecause
o" single-dose treatment
e""ectiveness and lo%er
cost
2. Do4'"'"line
- Se"on$ar' $r#g of
"hoi"e
! Dr#g of "hoi"e
!ecause o" oral
e""icacy+ single dose
2. (ipro"loacin
7. (e"triaone
8. Erythromycin
HERPES SIMPLEX CANDIDIASIS
MAIN PROBLEM
ETIOLOGIC AGENT
INCUBATION PERIOD
Mil$ #&erfi"ial f#ngal
infe"tion
A %iral $ieae
"hara"teri/e$ b' the
a&&earan"e of ore an$
bliter on the 1in
Can$i$a albi"an
0er&e im&le4 %ir#
t'&e ) an$ @
@!+ <ee1 @!)@ $a'
)= Rie in gl#"oe a in
$iabete mellit#
@= Lo<ere$ bo$'
reitan"e a in "an"er
+= In"reae in etrogen
le%el in &regnant <omen
,= Broa$!&e"tr#m
antibioti" are #e$
T5PE )
- Re&irator' $ro&let
- Dire"t e4&o#re to
infe"te$ ali%a
- :iing an$ haring
#tenil
T5PE @
- Se4#al or genital
"onta"t
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS ,Ca+0*0*as*s-
ONYCHOMYCOSIS
,ed, swollen dar%ened nailbeds
(urulent discharge
"eparation of pruritic nails from nailbeds
DIAPER RASH
"caly, erythematous, papular rash
Covered with e0udates
CD-Bucud 10
Appears below the breasts, between fingers, a0illa, groin
and umbilicus
THRUSH
Cream&colored or bluish&white patches on the tongue,
mouth or pharyn0
3loody engorgement when scraped
MONILIASIS
Hhite or yellow discharge
(ruritus
'ocal e0coriation
Hhite or gray raised patches on vaginal walls with local
inflammation
)= Antif#ngal
- Fl#"ona/ole DDifl#"anE
- :eto"ona/ole DNi/oralE
- Imi$a/ole DN'tatinE
- Ue$ for oral thr#h
- ,B ho#r #ntil
'm&tom $ia&&ear
- Cotrimo4a/ole
)= Anti%iral
! A"'"lo%ir DHo%ira4E
CD-Bucud 11
VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES
MALARIA DENGUE
MAIN PROBLEM
ETIOLOGIC AGENT
-n acute "e!rile disease -n acute and chronic parasitic
disease
.he most common ar!oviral
illness transmitted glo!ally
.he most deadly vector-!orne
disease in the %orld
,engue virus types 3+ 2+ 7 and 8
(hikungunya virus
O9nyong9nyong virus
:est 6ile virus
Plasmodium "alciparum
Plasmodium viva
Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium malariae
MALARIA DENGUE
INCUBATION PERIOD
P. ;alciparum ) 32 days
P. 5iva ) 38 days
P. Ovale ) 38 days
P. <alariae ) 7= days
7-38 days
>ite o" an in"ected mosquito
>lood trans"usion+ contaminated
syringe or needle
.rans-placentally
MALARIA DENGUE
.ECTOR
Ae$e aeg'&ti
DAe$e albo&i"t#E
:hite stripes on the !ack and
legs $.iger mosquito&
,ay !iting $2 hours a"ter sunrise
and 2 hours !e"ore sunset&
>reeds on clear stagnant %ater
4r!an-!ased
Ano&hele fla%irotri
>ro%n in color
6ight !iting $? P<-7 -<&
>reeds on clear+ "lo%ing and
shaded streams
Rural-!ased
MALARIA DENGUE
SIGNS AND S5MPTOMS
FE.ER
C0ILLS
PROFUSE S;EATING
FE.ER
0EADAC0E
MALAISE
RAS0
EPISODES OF
BLEEDING
MALARIA DENGUE
)= TORNIFUET TEST
- 2creening test "or dengue
- - test "or the tendency "or !lood
capillaries to !reak do%n or produce
petechial hemorrhage
- Per"ormed !y eamining the skin o"
the "orearms a"ter the arm veins
have !een occluded "or @ minutes
- .o detect unusual capillary "ragility
)= CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS
- >ased on triad symptoms+ @=A
accuracy
@= PLATELET COUNT
- (on"irmatory test "or dengue
- ,ecreased count is con"irmatory
@= BLOOD SMEAR
- ,e"initive diagnosis o" in"ection is
!ased on demonstration o" malaria
&araite in !lood "ilm
+= RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TEST
- 4ses immunochromatographic
methods to detect Plasmodium-
speci"ic antigen
- .akes a!out 0 to 3@ minutes
- 2ensitivity and speci"icity B ?=A
MALARIA DENGUE
)= Analgei" an$ anti&'reti"
! a"etamino&hen
@= .ol#me e4&an$er
- Ue$ in the treatment of
intra%a"#lar %ol#me $efi"it
- E4am&le2 La"tate$ Ringer
+= Bloo$ tranf#ion 8 for e%ere
blee$ing
,= O4'gen thera&'
(= Se$ati%e
)= Chloro-#ine
@= Prima-#ine
+= P'rimethamine
,= S#lfa$o4ine
(= F#inine
7= F#ini$ine
LEPTOSPIROSIS SCHISTOSOMIASIS
MAIN PROBLEM
ETIOLOGIC AGENT
A lo<l' &rogrei%e $ieae
"a#e$ b' a bloo$ fl#1e
A /oonoti" infe"tio# $ieae
)= SC0ISTOSOMA >APONICUM
- Intestinal tract+ endemic in the
Philippines
@= SC0ISTOSOMA MANSONI
- -"rica
+= SC0ISTOSOMA 0AEMATOBIUM
- <iddle East countries like Iran and Iraq
Le&to&ira interrogan
INCUBATION PERIOD
At leat @ month A to )N $a'
Ingetion
S1in &enetration
Conta"t <ith the 1in
CD-Bucud 12
.ECTOR
On"omelania -#a$rai
)= Thri%e in freh <ater
tream
@= Cling to grae an$ lea%e
+= Greenih bro<n in "olor
,= Si/e i a big a the mallet
grain of &ala'
SIGNS AND S5MPTOMS
ACUTE STAGE
)= Cer"arial $ermatiti
D<immer9 it"hE
@= :ata'ama 'n$rome
C ! o#gh
0 8 ea$a"he an$ fe%er
A 8 nore4ia an$ letharg'
R 8 ah
M ! 'algia
Se&ti" or Le&to&iremi" Stage
F 8 e%er Dremittent
0 8 ea$a"he
M8 'algia
N 8 a#ea
. 8 omiting
C 8 o#gh
C 8 het &ain
SIGNS AND S5MPTOMS
C0RONIC STAGE
)= 0e&ati"2 &ain3 ab$ominal
$itenion3 hematemei3 melena
@= Intetinal2 fatig#e3 ab$ominal &ain3
$'enter'
+= Urinar'2 $'#ria3 #rinar'
fre-#en"'3 hemat#ria
,= Car$io&#lmonar'2 &al&itation3
$'&nea on e4ertion
(= CNS2 ei/#re3 hea$a"he3 ba"1
&ain an$ &aretheia
Imm#ne or To4i" Stage
! Lat for , to +* $a'
! Iriti3 hea$a"he3 meningeal
manifetation
! Olig#ria3 an#ria <ith renal
fail#re
! Sho"13 "oma an$ "ongeti%e
heart fail#re
)= Fe"al'i
@= :ato!:at/ Te"hni-#e
+= Cer"#m o%a &re"i&itin tet
DCOPTE
! Confirmator' tet for
"hitoomiai
)= Pra/i-#antel DBiltri"i$eE
! Ta1en for 7 month
! ) tablet BID for + month
! ) tablet OD for + month
)
t
line $r#g
)= Peni"illin G 8 $r#g of "hoi"e
@= Do4'"'"line
@
n$
line $r#g
+= Am&i"illin
,= Amo4i"illin
FILARIASIS
MAIN PROBLEM
A parasitic disease caused by an African eye worm
ETIOLOGIC AGENT
Huchereria bancrofti
3rugia malayi
3rugia timori
INCUBATION PERIOD
K to FI months
(erson&to&person by mos+uito bites
AC!T# "TAG#
L!m)(a0+*&*s 8inflammation of lymph nodes9
L!m)(a+"*&*s 8inflammation of lymph vessels9
*ale genitalia affected leading to funiculitis, epididymitis
and orchitis 8redness, painful and tender scrotum9
C-,ONC "TAG#
Develop FG&FB years from onset of first attac%
H!0'#c$ 8swelling of the scrotum9
L!m)(0ma 8temporary swelling of the upper and lower
e0tremities9
E$)(a+&*as*s 8enlargement and thic%ening of the s%in of
the upper and lower e0tremities, scrotum and breast
'A3O,ATO,5 #4A*NATON"
N#c&.'+a$ 6$##0 7am*+a&*#+ ,NBE- ) ta%en at patient>s
residence2hospital after K(*
Imm.+#c('#ma&#"'a)(*c &s& ,ICT- ) rapid assessment
method: an antigen test done at daytime
T,#AT*#NT
D*&(!$ca'6ama/*+ C*&'a& ,DEC- #' HETRABAN ) an
individual treatment %ills almost all microfilaria and a good
proportion of adult worms=
(,#.#NTON AND CONT,O'
*easures aimed to control vectors
E+1*'#+m+&a$ sa+*&a&*#+ such as proper drainage and
cleanliness of surroundings
S)'a!*+" with insecticides
(,#.#NTON AND CONT,O'
*easures aimed to protect *+0*1*0.a$s a+0 fam*$*s?
!se of m#s<.*&# +&s
!se of $#+" s$1s, $#+" )a+&s and s#cks
Application of *+sc& ')$$a+&s
Sc'+*+" of houses
CD-Bucud 13

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Communicable Diseases Reviewer

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COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

Disease caused by an infectious agent that are transmitted directly

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