EXAMPLE NO: 4.

3
A fexible pavement is constructed with 4 in. of hot mix asphalt wearing surface, 8
in of aggregate-bituminous base and 8 in of crushed stone sub-base. The subgrade
has a soil resilient modulus of 1, psi and !" and !# are e$ual to 1. for the
materials in the pavement structures. The overall standard deviation is .%, the
initial &'( is 4.% and the T'( is ".%. )ail* tra+c has 18 "-,ips single axles, 4
"4-,ip single axles, and -8 4-,ip tandem axles. .ow man* *ears would *ou
estimate this pavement would last if *ou wanted to be /0 con1dent that *our
estimate was not too high, and if *ou wanted to be //0 con1dent that *our
estimate was not too high2
Solution:
3iven )ata4
)1 5 4 inch )" 5 8 inch )# 5 8 inch
!r 5 1, psi !" 5 !# 5 1. 'o 5 .%
&'( 5 4.% 6 &'( 5 ". T'( 5 ".%
7oads4
'ingle Axle 5 18 " ,ip
'ingle Axle 5 4 "4 ,ip
Tandem Axle 5 -8 4-,ip
)esign 'i8e 52
9 5 / 0 :b;. //0
'< 5 a1)1 = a")"!" = a#)#!# ------------ :1;
&utting values in >$u. :1;
'< 5 :.44;:4; = :.#;:8;:1; = :.11;:8;:1; 5 %.#/ 5 %
>$uivalenc* facor ?rom Table 4." and 4.#
" ,ip single axle e$uivalent 5 1.%1
"4 ,ip single axle e$uivalent 5 #.#
4 ,ip tandem axle e$uivalent 5 ".8
Thus@ total dail* 18 ,ip >'A7
)ail* A185 >$uivalence ?actor x <umber of passes
)ail* A18 5 1.%1:18; = #.#:4; = ".8:-8; 5 4"%B." 18-,ip >'A7
Ae have a general formula
Design ESALS (w18)=Daily ESAL x Years x 365
:a; At 9 5 /0, Cr 5 -1."8"
<ow, D* using AA'.TE )esign >$uation4
A18 5 "-,1"8,BB
'o@
Fear 5 5 1-.8" *ears
:b; At 9 5 //0, Cr 5 -".#-"
After solving e$uation, A18 comes and to be4
A18 5 B,8%4,"//
'o@
Fear 5 5 %.% *ears
:cop* page 18,1/,11,11";
PROBLEM 4.5
Truc, A has two single axles. Ene axle weighs 1", lb and the other weighs
"#, lb. Truc, D has an 8 lb single axle and a 4#, lb tandem axle. En a
fexible pavement with a # in hot mix asphalt wearing surface, a - in soil-cement
base, and an 8 in crushed stone subgrade, which truc, will cause more pavement
damage2 :Assume drainage coe+cients are 1.;
Solution:
3iven )ata4
Truc, A 4
Ene single axle 5 1" ,ip
"
nd
single axle 5 "# ,ip
Truc, B 4
Ene single axle 5 8 ,ip
Ene tandem axle 5 4# ,ip
And
)
1
5 # inch of .!A@ a
1
5 .44
)" 5 - inch 'oil cement base@ a" 5 ."
)# 5 8 inch Grush 'tone@ a# 5 .11
!1 5 !" 5 !# 5 1.
Galculation4
'< 5 a1)1 = a")"!" = a#)#!# ------------ :1;
>$uation :1; becomes4
'< 5 :.44;:#; = :.";:-;:1; = :.11;:8;:1; 5 #.4
By Interpolation:
# ".1B
4 "./
#.4 2
".1B-"/ 5 .8H1 5 .8
(f #.1 5 ".1B-1:.8; 5
#." 5 ".1B- ":.8;5
<ow4
18 ,ips >'A7s for vehicle4 :Ising Table 4." and 4.#;
Truc, A 4
1" ,ip single axle 5 ."""
"# ,ip single axle 5 ".%B4
Total 18-,ip >'A7 5 ".B/-
Truc, B 4
8 ,ip single axle e$uivalent 5 .4B
4# ,ip tandem axle e$uivalent 5 ".B-
Total 18-,ip >'A7 5 ".B%#
RESULTS:
Truc, A will cause little more damage but both damages caused b* truc,s are
near to each other.
PROBLEM 4.
A fexible pavement has a 4 in hot mix asphalt wearing surface, a B in dense-graded
crushed stone base, and a 1 in crushed stone subbase. The pavement is on a soil
with a resilient modulus of % psi. The pavement was designed with /0
reliabilit*, an overall standard deviation of .4 and a 6&'( of ".. The drainage
coe+cients are ./ and .8 for the base and subbase, respectivel*. .ow man* "%-
,ips single axle loads can be carried before the pavement reaches its T'(2
Solution:
)1 5 4 inch of .!A@ a1 5 .44
)" 5 B inch of )ense grade crushed stone@ a" 5 .18
)# 5 1 inch of crushed stone@ a# 5 .11
!r 5 % psi
9eliabilit* 5 9 5 / 0
'tandard )eviation 5 'o 5 .4
6 &'( 5 ".
T'( 5 ".%
!1 5 1, !" 5 ./, !# 5 .8
"% ,ip single axle load
Galculations4
'< 5 a1)1 = a")"!" = a#)#!# ------------ :1;
>$uation :1; becomes4
'< 5 :.44;:4; = :.18;:B;:./; = :.11;:1;:.8; 5 #.BB
&'( 5 4.%
Cr 5 -1."8"
A18 5 2
After solving AA'.TE )esign e$uation4
7og1 A18 5 Cr 'o = /.#-Jlog1 :'<= 1;K L ." = :log1J KH:.4 = J K
%.1/
; =
".#"log1:!r; L 8.B
A18 5 /#%4#/./#B
18-,ip >'A7 for vehicle4
"% ,ip single e$uivalent 5 #.4-/ :18-,ip >'A7;
)ail* A185 >$uivalence ?actor x <umber of passes
Total passes of "% ,ip >'A7 single axle load to reach T'( 5 5
"-/-%-./4 &asses
PROBLEM 4.!
A highwa* has the following pavement design tra+c4
"aily #ount A$le Loa%
# :'ingle
Axle;
1, lb :44.%
,<;
1" :'ingle
Axle;
18, lb :8.1
,<;
1 :'ingle
Axle;
"#, lb :1".#
,<;
1 :Tandem
Axle;
#", lb :14".#
,<;
# :'ingle Axle; #", lb :14".#
,<;
1 :Triple
Axle ;
4, lb :1BB./
,<;
A fexible pavement is designed to have 4 in of sand mix asphalt wearing surface, -
in of soil cement base, and B in of crushed stone subbase. The pavement has a 1-
*ear design life, a reliabilit* of 8%0 an overall standard deviation of .#, drainage
coe+cients that are 1. an initial &'( of 4.B, and T'( of ".%. Ahat is the minimum
acceptable soil resilient modulus2
Solution:
3iven )ata4
)1 5 4 inch of sand mix asphalt@ a1 5 .#%
)" 5 - inch sand cement base@ a" 5 ."
)# 5 B inch crushed stone@ a# 5 .11
)esign life 5 1 *ear
9 5 8%0
Everall standard deviation 'o 5 .#
!" 5 !# 5 1. &'( 5 4.B :critical;
T'( 5 ".% !r 52
Galculations4
'< 5 a1)1 = a")"!" = a#)#!# ------------ :1;
>$uation :1; becomes4
'< 5 :.#%;:4; = :.";:-;:1; = :.11;:B;:1; 5 #.#B
Galculating 18-,ip >'A7s4
)ail* A18 5 .11"8:#; = 1:1"; = :1;:".%B8"; = 1:.888"-; =
#:/.8B1; = 1:.%4-;
5 8%1."# 18-,ip >'A7
Cr 5 -1.#-
6 &'( 5 "."
D* using AA'.TE )esign e$uation4
Ae get@
!r 5 //.8# psi
PROBLEM 4.&
Gonsider the conditions in &roblem 4.B. 'uppose the state has relaxed truc, weight
limits and the impact has been to reduce the number of 18,-lb single axle loads
from 1" to " and increase the number of #",-lb single axle loads from # to
/. Inder these revised dail* counts, what is the minimum acceptable soil resilient
modulus2
Solution:
3iven )ata4
)1 5 4 inch of sand mix asphalt@ a1 5 .#%
)" 5 - inch sand cement base@ a" 5 ."
)# 5 B inch crushed stone@ a# 5 .11
)esign life 5 1 *ear
9 5 8%0
Everall standard deviation 'o 5 .#
!" 5 !# 5 1. &'( 5 4.B :critical;
T'( 5 ".% !r 52
<o. of 18, lb single axle loads 5 "
<o. of #", lb single axle loads 5 /
Galculations4
'< 5 a1)1 = a")"!" = a#)#!# ------------ :1;
>$uation :1; gives4
'< 5 #.#B
Galculating 18-,ip >'A7s4
)ail* A18 5 .11"8:#; = 1:"; = 1:".%B8"; = 1:.888"-; =
/:/.8B1; = 1:.%4-"#;
5 1#4#."8#
Total A18 5 1#4#."8# x 1 x #-% 5 4/"/8"./%
D* using AA'.TE design e$uation4
!r 5 1/-8.B- psi
PROBLEM 4.'
A fexible pavement was designed for the following tra+c with a 1"-*ear design life4
The highwa* was designed with 4 in of
hot mix asphalt wearing surface, 4 in
of hot mix asphaltic base, and 8 in of
crushed stone subbase. The
reliabilit* was B0, overall standard
deviation was .%, 6&'( was ". :with s
T'( of ".%;, and all drainage coe+cients were 1.. Ahat was the soil resilient
modulus of the subgrade used in design2
'olution4
)1 5 4 inch of .!A@ a15 .44
)" 5 4 inch .!A@ a" 5 .4
)# 5 8 inch crushed stone@ a# 5 .11
9eliabilit* 5 B0
'o 5 .% 6&'( 5 "
T'( 5 ".% !1 5 !" 5 !# 5 1
Galculations4
'< 5 a1)1 = a")"!" = a#)#!# ------------ :1;
>$uation :1; gives4
"aily #ount A$le Loa%
1# :'ingle
Axle;
8 lb :#%.- ,<;
/ :Tandem
Axle;
1%, lb :--.B
,<;
" :'ingle Axle; 4, lb :1BB./
,<;
" :Tandem
Axle;
4, lb :1BB./
,<;
'< 5 4."4
Axle 7oads :Table 4." and 4.#;
'ingle 8-,ips 5 .#/#"
Tandem 1%-,ips 5 .4#8
'ingle 4-,ips 5 "".1-4
Tandem 4-,ips 5 ".4"
Galculating 18-,ip >'A7s4
)ail* A18 5 1#:.#/#"; = /:.4#8; = ":"".1-4; = ":".4"; 5
/41.%-8
'o@
Total A18 5 /41.%-8 x #-% x 1"
5 41"4-B.84
Cr 5 -.%"4
<ow, from design e$uation of AA'.TE.
!r 5 %"%.#1 psi