Unit 1

Introduction to Wireless Communication Systems

http://faculty.poly.edu/~tsr/bio.php
http://www.samsung.com/in/consumer/mobile-phone/mobile-
phone/smartphone/GT-S5360MAAINU-spec
The electronics boom
The growth of mobile telephony as compared with other popular inventions of the 20
th
century.
Paging system
Diagram of a wide area paging system.
Diagram of Cordless telephone system
Cordless telephone
Cellular system
Timing diagram illustrating how a call to a mobile user initiated by a landline subscriber is
established.
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Timing diagram illustrating how a call initiated by a mobile is established.
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Wired Wireless

Fixed Mobile
Interference is not an issue Major issue
High Bandwidth Low Bandwidth
Dedicated medium Shared medium
Direction is known Unknown
More Secure Vulnerable
AMPS - Advanced Mobile Phone System
Analogue Cellular System (800 MHz)
US Standard
First field trial of cellular system in Chicago

TACS - Total Access Communication System
Analogue Cellular System (900 MHz)
UK Standard (Started in 1985)
1230 Bidirectional Channels (25 KHz)

NMT - Nordic Mobile Telephony
Scandinavian standard; adopted in most of Europe
First European System (Sweden, 1981)
Initially launched for 450 MHz and later on available for 900 MHz
also

1G
IITE/EC/Bhavin Gajjar
GSM Global System for Mobile communication
Digital Cellular System
Originally Pan-European, later on deployed worldwide
Available in 3 Frequency Bands
GSM 900 Operates in 900 MHz band
DCS 1800 Digital Cellular System (Operates in 1800 MHz
Band)
PCS 1900 Personal Communication System
Operates in 1900 MHz Band
Available only in USA
DAMPS Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System
Digital Cellular System
US Standard
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
IS-95, Qualcomm, US Standard
PDC Personal Digital Cellular system
Japanese Standard

2G
IITE/EC/Bhavin Gajjar
HSCSD High Speed Circuit Switched Data
Combining timeslots allocated for data
Bandwidth up to 64 kbps (14.4 Kbps/TSL)
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
Radio resources shared by all users
Handle 10-171 kbps data rates
Compatible with existing GSM network infrastructure
2G +
IITE/EC/Bhavin Gajjar
WCDMA
Wide Band Code Division Multiple Access
CDMA 2000 1x and 3x
Will enable Web Browsing, Email, Picture Messaging, mp3
Playback, Real Time Video, Video Conferencing, Web Camera, and
other conceivable services.. At 360 kbps to 2 Mbps
3G
IITE/EC/Bhavin Gajjar
Wireless Standards

Generation Euro US
1G Analog Analog (AMPS)

2G GSM CDMA(IS95Based)

2.5G GPRS CDMA2000 1x

3G UMTS CDMA20003x
(W-CDMA)
Frequency Spectrum
Wireless Services are primarily identified in the frequency domain.
Each specific service is allocated with a frequency band (FDM)
The frequency band may also be allotted on time -share basis (TDM)
Wireless Service requires non-interference with other frequency bands
The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) located in Geneva is
responsible for worldwide coordination of telecommunication activities
(wired and wireless).
Allocation of available frequency spectrum is carried out internationally and
nationally a (in India, Wireless Planning Commission (WPC) is charged with
this responsibility)
The word RF and Wireless are synonymously used in current practice
Band Number Symbols Frequency Range Wavelength Range Typical sources
1 ELF 3 to 30 Hz 10,000 to 100,000 km deeply-submerged submarine communication
2 SLF 30 to 300 Hz 1000 to 10,000 km submarine communication, ac power grids
3 ULF 300 to 3 kHz 100 to 1000 km earth quakes, earth mode communication
4 VLF 3 to 30 kHz 10 to 100 km near-surface submarine communication,
5 LF 30 to 300 kHz 1 to 10 km AM broadcasting, aircraft beacons
6 MF 300 to 3000 kHz 100 to 1000 m AM broadcasting, aircraft beacons
7 HF 3 to 30 MHz 10 to 100 m
Skywave long range radio communication:
shortwave broadcasting, military, maritime,
diplomatic, amateur two-way radio
8 VHF 30 to 300 MHz 1 to 10 m
FM radio broadcast, television broadcast, PMR, DVB-
T, MRI
9 UHF
300 to
3000 MHz
10 to 100 cm
PMR, television broadcast, microwave
oven, GPS, mobile phone communication
(GSM, UMTS, 3G, HSDPA), cordless
phones (DECT), WLAN (Wi-Fi 802.11
b/g/n), Bluetooth
10 SHF 3 to 30 GHz 1 to 10 cm
DBS satellite television broadcasting, WLAN (Wi-Fi
802.11 a/n), microwave relays, WiMAX, radars
11 EHF 30 to 300 GHz 1 to 10 mm
microwave relays, intersatellite links, WiMAX, high
resolution radar, directed-energy weapon (Active
Denial System), Security screening (Millimeter wave
scanner)
Wireless Spectrum for
Mobile Services
Frequency usage in countries
Europe USA Japan
Mobile
phones
NMT 453-457MHz,
463-467 MHz;
GSM 890-915 MHz,
935-960 MHz;
1710-1785 MHz,
1805-1880 MHz
AMPS, TDMA, CDMA
824-849 MHz,
869-894 MHz;
TDMA, CDMA, GSM
1850-1910 MHz,
1930-1990 MHz;
PDC
810-826 MHz,
940-956 MHz;
1429-1465 MHz,
1477-1513 MHz

Cordless
telephones
CT1+ 885-887 MHz,
930-932 MHz;
CT2
864-868 MHz
DECT
1880-1900 MHz
PACS 1850-1910 MHz,
1930-1990 MHz
PACS-UB 1910-1930 MHz
PHS
1895-1918 MHz
JCT
254-380 MHz
Wireless
LANs
IEEE 802.11
2400-2483 MHz
HIPERLAN 1
5176-5270 MHz
IEEE 802.11
2400-2483 MHz
IEEE 802.11
2471-2497 MHz

Multiple access schemes

Frequency Division Multiple Access
Channels are 200 kHz wide. 125 pairs of
channels available but 124 are used
keeping guard band of 100 KHz at upper
end and lower end of the spectrum

Time Division Multiple Access
8 connections each channel
For GSM900:
124*8 = 992 channel to use.
For GSM1800
275*8=2200 channels to use
Example of the emerging applications and markets for broadband services.
(Courtesy of Harris Corporation, 1999, all rights reserved.)
A wireless Competitive Local Exchange Carrier (CLEC) using
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) distribution.
Bluetooth and Personal Area Networks