Lecture 1: Units, physical quantities

and vectors (Part 2)

1
Objectives
Perform addition and multiplication on
vectors
Differentiate scalar product and vector
product
2
3
Blue arrow: resultant vector
(sum of two or more vectors)
Addition of
vectors
4
Addition of
vectors
How to find the sum
of three vectors A, B
and C? Let us count
the ways!
Option 1: add A and
B, to get D, then add
C to D to get the R:
Option 2: add B and
C, to get E, then add
A to E to get R:
Option 3: add A, B
and C, to get R
directly:
Option 4: add A, B
and C in any order
to get R:

2
+

2

=

5
Subtraction of vectors
To construct the vector difference A B, you can either place the
tail of B at the head of A or place 2 vectors A and B head to head
Subtracting B to A is equivalent to adding B to A:
With A and B head to tail,
A-B is the vector from the
tail of A to the head of -B
With A and B head to head,
A-B is the vector from the
tail of A to the tail of -B
A + (-B) A - B
6
Multiplication of vectors with a scalar
Multiplying a vector by a positive and negative scalar
Multiplying a vector by a
positive scalar changes
the magnitude of the
vector but not its direction
Multiplying a vector by a
negative scalar changes
its magnitude and
reverses its direction
Note: its important draw vectors in scale (e.g. 1cm:1km)
7
A cross-country skier skis 1.00km north and then
2.00km east on a horizontal snow field. How far and
in what direction is she from the starting point?
Solution 1: (graphical)
Drawing the vector
diagram to scale,
1division: 1km, by
careful measurement,
we found the distance
from starting point to
end point about 2.2km
and angle is about 63
o
.
Example: Addition of vectors (graphical/analytical)
8
Solution 2:
(analytical, add 1.00km and 2.00km displacement vectors)
Using Pythagorean theorem, the resultant vector is:
= (1.00)
2
+(2.00)
2
= 2.24

=
1
2.00
1.00
= 63.4 east of north

Analytical method yields
more accurate results
Example: Addition of vectors (graphical/analytical)
Addition and subtraction of vectors
Resultant vector:

+
Not as simple as addition/subtraction of magnitudes
Add/subtract components having the same unit
vector

EXAMPLE:
= 1m +m
= +

+ = + +

= +

9
Products of Vectors
Scalar (dot) product

= cos = cos

Results to a scalar

Dot products of unit vectors can be 0 or 1:
= 1
= 1

= 1

= 0
= = 0

= 0
Dot of same unit vectors = 1
Dot of different unit vectors = 0
Because the product is a scalar:
direction does not matters
10
Products of Vectors
Vector (cross) product

= sin

Results to a vector
Cross product of unit vectors is a unit vector or 0:

= 0
= 0

= 0

Cross of same unit vectors = 0
11
A helpful way to solve vector (cross) product
=

=
=

=
product is a vector - direction matters!
12
= +
=
=
=
Perform the following vector operations:
Addition:
Subtraction:
Scalar (dot) product:
Vector (cross) product:
= +
=
13
= +
=
=
=
Perform the following vector operations:
Addition:
Subtraction:
Scalar (dot) product:
Vector (cross) product:
=
= +
14
= +
=
= +
=
=
=
Perform the following vector operations:
Addition:
Subtraction:
Scalar (dot) product:
=

= m
2
15
Vector (cross) product:
= +
=
=
= +
= +
=
=
=
Perform the following vector operations:
Addition:
Subtraction:
Scalar (dot) product:
Vector (cross) product:
=

()
=

) = -8m
2

= +
=

= m
2
=
=
= +
Seatwork
- solve problems in your
notebooks
- write the answers only in
your bluebook
- indicate the date

August 12, 2014
1. Blah?

2. Blah blah!

3. Blah blah blah!

4. Blah blah blah blah!
17
18
A river flows from south to north at 5.0km/h. On this
river a boat is heading east to west perpendicular to the
current at 7.0km/h.
1. If you were an eagle hovering at rest over the shore,
draw the 2 vectors corresponding to the motion of
the rivers current and the boat, then use vector
addition to draw the resultant vector representing the
speed and direction the boat is traveling?
(Note: drawing must be drawn to scale. If you do not have a ruler, you may
estimate the using the width of your pinky, that is 1 pinky width:1km/h)
2. Using your figure in number 1, estimate how fast and
in what direction (no angle needed) is the boat moving?
3-4. Use analytical method to calculate the speed and
direction (include angle) the boat is moving.

=
=

5. +
6.
7.
9.
10.
8.
5 - 11: Perform the following vector operations:
11. ( )
19
Seatwork
- seatwork will be checked at
the end of the class
- if wrong, write the correct
answer
- in checking: place the score
above the checkers name
- the checker must sign under
his/her name & student
number
August 12, 2014
1. Blah?

2. Blah blah!

3. Blah blah blah!

4. Blah blah blah blah!
Score: 3/4
Checked by:
(signed)
Albert Einstein Jr.
(2013-24601)

X Bleh!!!
20
Reminder:
Submit your index cards (3X5)
must include picture

Recit 1: Friday
Coverage: Lectures 1 and 2 only

(Lecture tomorrow and Thursday will be
included on next weeks recit)
21
22
1.Attendance will be checked once the recit teacher enters the room:
Case 1: if the number of present students is ODD (if all are present OR 2, 4, are
late/absent)
- have a raffle (using index card) among the present students; 1 lucky raffle winner
can choose which group he/she want to answer the recit for the day, therefore, we
will have 1 group with 3 members; while other groups will have a pair
Case 2: if the number of present students is EVEN (if 1, 3, are late/absent)
- no raffle, students can pair among themselves
2. Late students (as penalty) will have to answer the recit quiz on his/her own.
Those who come to class AFTER the end of the attendance roll-call will be
considered late. If the student comes before the end of the attendance roll-call,
he/she will be accepted and considered NOT LATE even if his/her name was
already called.

3. Recitation quizzes shall be done in closed notes, students may discuss with
their partner and encouraged to consult the recit teacher. Students are only
allowed to use real calculators (not the ones from their tablets, laptops or
cellphones)

4. Recit solutions will be submitted by group/pair. Write the complete solution to
each problem and box the final answer.
5. If a student complains about the partner, the recit teacher can arrange rotation
partners for the next recit session.
Seatworks Answers
August 8, 2014
23
= +
1
2

2

RHS:
+
1
2

2
=

2
= Length
LHS:
s = Length
LHS and RHS are consistent (unit: Length) 1pt
1: Dimensional Analysis
24
2. Bearing form:
= 12.0m, 25
o
South of West

= . = .

= . = .
Seatwork 2 to 5: Write vector and
bearing and component form
4. Component form:
= . .
3. Bearing form:
= 10.0m, 53
o
West of North

= . = .

= . = .
5. Component form:
= . +.
C
y
D
x
25
D
y
C
x
6 and 7. What is the magnitude and
direction of vector q (include which
quadrant)?
= 2.0 +4.0
26
=

2
+

2
= (2)
2
+(4)
2
= 4.5
= tan
1

= tan
1

4
2
= 63.4
o
or 360 63.4 = 296.6 or 116.6
ANS: 115.6
o
in the 2
nd
quadrant
Any angles that
differ by 180
O

have the same
tangent