Ultrasonic Flow Measurement Principles & Introduction

Series PUX2
Series UXF2
Series UXF3
The materials included in this compilation are for the use of
Dwyer Instruments, Inc. potential customers and current
employees as a resource only. They may not be reproduced,
published, or transmitted electronically for commercial
purposes. Furthermore, the Companys name, likeness,
product names, and logos, included within these compilations
may not be used without specific, written prior permission
from Dwyer Instruments, Inc.
Copyright 2011 Dwyer Instruments, Inc.
Transit Time Measuring Principle
Clamp-on sensors
Transit-time difference system
Principle equation:





Q = D
2
/ 4 * * D/sin2
f
* 1/(T
0
-)
2
T

K

Q : Flow rate
D : Inner pipe diameter
K : Conversion factor
of average velocity

f
: Incident angle into liquid
T
1
, T
2
: Transit time
T
0
: Transit time between sensors
when flow is at rest
((T
1
+ T
2
)/2)
: Transit time in pipe walls and
sensors
T=T
2
T
1


(Note)
Ultrasonic waves are
carried with the motion of
fluid.
Upstream Sensor
Oscillator Wedge
Pipe

f
D
Q
/2 /2
T
1
T
2
Downstream
Sensor
Utilized in Model PUX2, UXF3
Digital sampling of received signals increases flow reading reliability
Synchronized summation of received signals :

- Normal propagation






- Interrupted propagation

Advanced ABM (Anti-bubble Measurement)
Received signal :
t
v
Received signal :
Digital data of
received signals :
t
v
In case of analog system no
signal, intermittent loss of
receive echo
Summed
128 or 256
times for
one output
flow
bubble
flow
bubble
t
v
Nothing!
Result of Bubble Immersion Test
(Note) The flowmeters indicate volumetric flow rate containing air volume.
Models PUX2, UXF3
Velocity [m/s]
P
e
r
m
i
s
s
i
b
l
e

A
i
r

V
o
l
u
m
e

[
v
o
l
.

%
]

12
12
10
8
6
4
2
1
Model UXF2
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
7.0
4.0
1.5
0.4
0.03
0.02
1.2
1.0
0.02
Patented sound velocity compensation all
models

Changing process conditions (temp/pressure)
change fluid sound velocity (changes results)

Changing temp/pressure can be ignored if sound
velocity is constantly measured and compensated

Sound velocity compensation system tracks and
adjusts and
Sound Velocity Measurement System
Upstream Sensor
Pipe

f
D
Q
/2 /2
T
1
T
2
Downstream
Sensor
Sound
Velocity C
f
Effect of temp./
pressure change
Successive calculation with sensors spacing having no change from the set value
Model Specifications & Applications
PUX2
UXF2
UXF3
0.5 235 diameter, up to 12% air/solids
Digital fine filter & correlation
12 hour battery, data logger, memory card &
printer (options)

0.5 235 diameter, up to 12% air/solids
Digital fine filter & correlation
Full featured, flexible I/O, IP65 enclosure
1 24 diameter, up to 1.5% air/solids
Advanced transit time technology
Full featured, flexible I/O, highly competitive
PUX2 Specifications
Dwyer Instruments PUX2
Measurement Method Transit Time
Pipe sizes 0.50 to 236 inch diameter
Number of Paths 1 path
Fluid temperature -40 to +80/100/200
Ambient temperature -10 to +55 (Printer 45)
Air bubble resistance 12 Vol% (at 1m/s)
Accuracy +/-1.0% of rate
Velocity range 0 to +/- 32m/s (105 fps)
Output Analog Output: 1point 4-20mA; Heat Transfer Rate Function
Input Analog Input: 1 point 4-20 mA
Serial communication USB Port (Mini type B, 500kbps)
Key 11 keys (ON, OFF, LEFT, RIGHT, UP, DOWN, ESC,
ENT, MENU, BACKLIGHT, PRINT)
Display 240 X 320 Color LCD
Language 6 languages (ENG, ESP, GER, FRA, JAP, CHI)
Power Supply Built-in battery or power adapter
Built-in battery: L-Ion battery, approximately 12 hours
Power adaptor: AC Power Adapter/Charger 90 to 264V
Dimensions H210 x W120 x D65mm (without printer)
H320 x W127 x D70mm (with printer)
Mass: 1.0 kg (without printer)
1.2 kg (with printer)
Type of Enclosure IP64 (Plastic)
UXF3 Specifications
Dwyer Instruments UXF3
Measurement Method Transit Time
Pipe sizes 0.50 to 235 inch diameter
Number of Paths 1 path
Fluid temperature -40 to +80/100/200
Ambient temperature -10 to +55
Air bubble resistance 12 Vol% (at 1m/s)
Accuracy +/-1.0% of rate
Velocity range 0 to +/- 32m/s (105 fps)
Output

Input: 1 digital input, 1 pt. - No Voltage
transistor switch; set zero/reset
totalizer
One 4 to 20mA DC current outputMax. load
resistance 1k
Digital status output: 2 points available - 30V DC,
0.1ATotal pulse, Flow switch, Over flow, Range
change-over, Flow direction, Range over
Mechanical relay: 1 pt available; 240VAC/30VDC-1 amp
Serial communication RS232C/Modbus RS485 option; Baud rate: 9600 to
39400 bps; Distance: 15m(RS232)/1000m(RS485) max.
Key 4 key keyboard; menu driven programming
Display LCD with back light, 16 x 2 lines
Language 5 languages (ENG, ESP, GER, FRA, JAP)
Power Supply 100 to 240V AC 50/60Hz, or 20 to 30V DC
Dimensions H170 x W142 x D70mm
Type of Enclosure IP66 (1.5 kg)
UXF2 Specifications
Dwyer Instruments UXF2
Measurement Method Transit Time
Pipe sizes 1 to 24 inch (plastic pipe); 2 to 24 inch (metal)
Number of Paths 1 path
Fluid temperature -40 to +80/100
Ambient temperature -20 to +50
Air bubble resistance 1.2 Vol% (at 1m/s)
Accuracy 2% of rate (>2m/s), 0.04m/s (<2m/s)
Velocity range 0 to +/- 10 m/s (33 fps)
Output 4 to 20mAdc, 1 point
Digital output: Relay & transistor, each 1 point (scaled
totalizer pulse, alarm, etc.)
Scaled pulse: 1pulse/day to 100pps for transistor output
1pulse/day to 1pps for relay output
Serial communication RS-232C equivalent / RS-485
Number of connectable units: one (RS-485)/
up to 31 (RS-485)
Cable length: up to 15m (RS-232C)/up to 1km (RS-485)
Key 4 key front panel keyboard; menu driven programming
Display LCD 2 lines 32 characters - backlight
Language 5 languages (incl. Spanish)
Power Supply 20 to 30Vdc, 100 to 120Vac or 200 to 240Vac, 50/60Hz
Dimensions Dimensions of converter: H140 x W137 x D68mm
Mass of converter: approx, 0.8 kg
Type of Enclosure IP65 (Plastic)
Type Model No. Pipe size Fluid temp.
Sensor Mount & UXF2 Sensor Selection
SX3-A
UXF2
1
(V-mount)
(V)
4 in -20 +100
2 9 in SX3-B
SX3-C (V) 2 12 in
-20 +100
-20
+80
SX3-D
-20 +80
12 24 in (Z)
V mount configuration
Typical setup; recommended for most cases
having sufficient return signal
Sensors mounted axially on the same side
Z mount configuration
Single reflection reduces signal attenuation
Effective at upper end of sensor diameter range or
specific circumstances to increase return signal
Type Model No. Pipe size Fluid temp.
Sensor Selection PUX2, UXF3
PSX2-B
PUX2
UXF3
1/2 (V-mount)
(V)
4 in -40 +100
2
PSX2-A
PSX2-HT
PSX2-D
SX1-A
SX2-B
(Z) 12 16 in
(V) 2 14 in
(V
)
2 14 in
(Z) 12 16 in
(Z)
12 16 in
(Z) 8 236 in
(V) 8 120 in
(Z)
8
(V)
2
120 in
-40
-40 +80
-40 +80
-40 +80
-40
+200
SX1-C
(V) 2 14 in
(Z)
12
16 in
-40
+200
PSX2-E -40 +80
12
2 16 in (V)
48 in (Z)
SX1-B
12
24 in (V)
48 in (Z)
-40 +80
SX2-A
4 in
(V-mount)
-40 +100
14 in
1/2
236 in
8
+100
PUX2
UXF3
PSX
SX1
SX2
1 to 32 m/s
0 to 1 m/s
12 in.to
24 in. +
1.0% of rate
0.01 m/s
2 to 32 m/s
0 to 2 m/s
2 in. to
12 in.
1.0% of rate
0.02 m/s
2 to 32 m/s
0 to 2 m/s
0.5 in.
to 2 in.
1.5% of rate
0.03 m/s
Pipe diameter Velocity Accuracy Converter Sensor
Accuracy PUX2 & UXF3
Rated accuracy PUX2, UXF3 :
Reference conditions :
1. Fluid temp : Clean water 4 to 40
2. Fluid pressure : Less than 1 MPa
3. Flow : Full-filled, axisymmetric & well
developed turbulent flow
4. Warm-up time : 30 mins.
+0.32
A
c
c
u
r
a
c
y

[
m
/
s
]

Velocity
+0.02
0 32
+0.01
-0.01
-0.02
-0.32
2 1
2 in.to
24 in
UXF2

SX3-A/B
SX3-C/D
2 to 10 m/s
0 to 2 m/s
2 in. to
24 in.
1.5% of rate
0.03 m/s
2 to 10 m/s
0 to 2 m/s
1 in.to
2 in.
2.5% of rate
0.05 m/s
Pipe diameter Velocity Accuracy Converter Sensor
Plastic pipe
Accuracy UXF2
UXF2

SX3-A/B
SX3-C/D
2 to 10 m/s
0 to 2 m/s
2% of rate
0.04 m/s
Pipe size Velocity Accuracy Converter Sensor
Metal pipe
UXF2 Rated Accuracy
Getting Started PUX2
Setting up
the model
PUX2
Overview of functions
PUX2 Display & Screen navigation
Interface divided among 6 selections
Default view = measure screen (below)
To enter the menu
screen anytime, press the
menu button
6 menu selections for
setup, configuration,
datalogger, printer, etc.
appear
Getting Started UXF3
Setting up the
model UXF3
Overview of functions
UXF3 Inside the cover, wiring
UXF3 Installation steps
4 key operation
Additional Installation steps
Install optional wiring
Analog output, totalizer, switch outputs
Program optional functions
AO range
Totalizer
Flow switch/alarms
Low flow cutoff
Damping
Record system parameters
Basic Installation steps
Install Transmitter wiring and power
Locate appropriate mounting location
Set Inch or metric units
Program piping parameters
Set main display preference & units
Install sensor set on pipe
Verify signal and reading
Green/Red LED indicator on front panel
Getting Started UXF1
Setting up the
model UXF2
Overview of functions
- 19 -
Getting Started UXF2
UXF2 Primary components - inside
Modular 2 or 3 boards design
Signal (bottom)
Power supply (left top)Install Transmitter
wiring and power
Serial comms (top right-optional)
Primary components & Functions
Key input via front panel
Front Panel LED
Red/Green LED provides signal Normal or
error condition
UXF2 Installation steps
Basic Installation steps
Install Transmitter wiring and power
Locate appropriate mounting location
Set Inch or metric units
Program piping parameters
Set main display preference & units
Install sensor set on pipe
Verify signal and reading
Recommend Hardcopy of Manual Pages 40-42
Additional Installation steps
Install optional wiring
Analog output, totalizer, switch outputs
Program optional functions
AO range
Totalizer
Flow switch/alarms
Low flow cutoff
Damping
Record system parameters
jumper
Markets & Applications
PUX2 and UXF3
Wastewater flow monitoring in wastewater treatment systems and plants
Water flow monitoring at water treatment plants
UXF2
Semiconductor water flow monitoring
Building Automation Systems
Hot and cold water flow from chillers and boilers
PUX2
Building Automation Systems
BTU Calculations
In general good for flow monitoring when selling on the advantage of not
having to cut open the pipe for installation and also for repair work
Markets & Applications PUX2 as an Energy Meter for BAS
Markets & Applications PUX2 Installation
Questions

To order a free catalog or for more information contact;
Dwyer Instruments, Inc., P.O. Box 373,
Michigan City, IN., 46361
Telephone: (800) 872-9141 or (219) 879-8000
Fax: (219) 872-9057
Internet address: www.dwyer-inst.com
E-mail: info@dwyer-inst.com