DIURETIC AGENTS

INDICATIONS ACTIONS ADVERSE EFFECTS CONTRAINDICATIONS DRUG - DRUG

CLASSIFICATION / DRUG

treatment of edema caused
by congestive heart failure
(CHF), liver disease, or renal
THIAZIDE DIURETICS disease, and for adjunctive
hydrochlorothiazide treatment of hypertension
(HydroDIURIL)
Block the chloride pump
Keep the chloride and
sodium in the tubule to be
excreted in the urine, thus
preventing the reabsorption
of both in the vascular
system
interference with the normal
regulatory mechanisms of
Nephron
Hypokalemia
Decreased calcium excretion
d blood glucose levels
Slightly alkalinized urine
Gout Cholestyramine or
Systemic lupus colestipol (take 2
Diabetes hrs. apart)
Hyperparathyroidism
Bipolar disorders Digoxin
Pregnancy and lactation Antidiabetic agents
Lithium

Acute CHF Block the chloride pump in Related to the imbalance in Electrolyte depletion Aminoglycosides
Acute pulmonary edema the ascending loop of Henle, electrolytes and fluid Anuria and cisplatin
Edema associated with CHF causing reabsorption of Hypokalemia Severe renal failure (ototoxicity)
LOOP DIURETICS Edema associated with renal sodium and chloride Alkalosis Hepatic coma ↑Anticoagulation
furosemide or liver disease Hypocalcemia – causes Pregnancy and lactation Indomethacin,
(Lasix) Hypertension tetany Cautions ibuprofen,
Pharmacokinetics SLE, gout, and diabetes salicylates, and
mellitus NSAID
--Block the effects of Related to disturbances in Angle closure glaucoma Salicylates and
Adjunct to other diuretics carbonic anhydrase, slowing acid and base balance and Cautions:Lactation lithium
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE Glaucoma down the movement of electrolyte balance F/E imbalances
INHIBITORS hydrogen ions Metabolic acidosis Renal or hepatic disease
(enzyme) --More sodium and Hypokalemia Adrenocortical insufficiency
**Not used for HTN or bicarbonate are lost in the Paresthesias of extremities, Respiratory acidosis
diuretic urine confusion, drowsiness COPD
--Adjuncts with thiazide or Cause a loss of sodium while Hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia, renal disease, Salicylates
POTASSIUM-SPARING loop diuretics retaining potassium and anuria
DIURETICS --Patients who are at risk for Block the actions of Patients taking amiloride and
spironolactone hypokalemia aldosterone in the distal triamterene
(Aldactone) tubule
Increased cranial pressure or Pull water into the renal Related to sudden drop in Renal disease and anuria
acute renal failure due to tubule without sodium loss fluid levels Pulmonary congestion
OSMOTIC DIURETICS shock, drug overdose, or N/V Intracranial bleeding and
mannitol trauma hypotension dehydration
(Osmitrol) light-headedness, confusion CHF
headache