PAGING SYSTEM

Paging systems are operated by commercial

carriers, often as a subscription service, and they
are also operated directly by end users as private
systems.
Commercial carrier systems tend to cover a
larger geographical area than private systems,
while private systems tend to cover their limited
area more thoroughly and deliver messages
faster than commercial systems.
Paging systems operate in the simplex mode,
for they broadcast signals or messages to
individuals who carry small battery-operated
receivers.
In all systems, clients send messages to pagers,
an activity commonly referred to as paging.
it is usually operate in the VHF and UHF ranges.
A variety of bands have been assigned by the FCC
specifically for paging purposes. The most popular
are in the ranges of 149 to 175. 400 to 500. and 920
to 940 MHz.
Background: (History)
In 1921, the first pager-like system was in use by the Detroit Police
Department. However, it was not until 1949 that the very first telephone
pager was patented. The inventor's name was Al Gross and his pagers
were first used in New York City's Jewish Hospital. Al Gross' pager was
not a consumer device available to everyone. The FCC did not approve
the pager for public use until 1958.
In 1962 the Bell Systemthe U.S. telephone monopoly colloquially
known as "Ma Bell"presented its Bellboy radio paging system at the
Seattle World's Fair. Bellboy was the first commercial system for personal
paging. Solid-state circuitry enabled the Bellboy pager, about the size of a
small TV remote device, to fit into a customer's pocket or purse, quite a
feat at that time. The Bellboy is a terminal that notifies the user when
someone is trying to call. When the person receives an audible signal (a
buzz) on the pager, he finds a telephone and calls the service center,
which informs him of the caller's message.
A radio system designed for alerting or sending
messages to individuals. The radio paging system was
invented by Al Gross, who also invented the walkie
talkie, CB radio, and cordless telephone.The first system,
which Gross sold to New York's Jewish Hospital in 1950,
employed a centralized antenna that could broadcast
alerts to small, inexpensive pagers, or beepers.
By 1990, wide-area paging had been invented and
over 22 million pagers were in use. By 1994, there were
over 61 million pagers in use and pagers became popular
for personal use.
How Do Pagers Work
Pagers or beepers are portable
communication and messengering devices. One
person sends a text message using a touch-tone
telephone or even an email that gets forwarded
to the pager of the person they want to talk to.
Then the person carrying the pager either gets an
audible beep or vibration that lets them know
that a message is incoming. An incoming phone
number or text message is displayed on the
pagers' LCD screen.
Paging Process:
PAGER:
- Also known as a beeper or bleeper
- A pager is a dedicated RF or radio frequency device
that allows the pager user to receive messages
broadcast on a specific frequency over a special
network of radio base stations.
- It is a wireless telecommunications device that
receives and displays numeric or text messages, or
receives and announces voice messages.
Two Types of :
1.) One-way pagers:
-can only receive messages
2.)two-way pagers:
-receive messages and can also acknowledge,
reply to, and originate messages using an internal
transmitter
One
Pagers themselves vary from very cheap
and simple beepers, to more complex
personal communications equipment, falling
into eight main categories:
Main categories
1.) Beepers or Tone-only Pagers - are the simplest form of paging. They
were named beepers because they originally made a beeping noise,
but current pagers in this category use other forms of alert as well.
Some use audio signals, others light up and some vibrate, often used in
combination.
2.) Voice/Tone pagers - provide the ability to listen to a recorded voice
message when an alert is received.
3.) Numeric Pagers - contain a numeric LCD display capable of
displaying the calling phone number or other numeric information
generally up to 10 digits. The display can also convey pager codes, a set
of number codes corresponding to mutually understood pre-defined
messages.
4.) Alphanumeric Pagers - contain a more sophisticated LCD capable
of displaying text and icons. These devices receive text messages,
often through email or direct connection to the paging system.
5.) Response Pagers - are alphanumeric pagers equipped with built-
in transmitters, with the ability to acknowledge/confirm messages.
They also allow the user to reply to messages by way of a multiple-
choice response list, and to initiate canned messages from pre-
programmed address and message lists. These devices are
sometimes called "1.5-way pagers" or "1.7-way pagers" depending
on capabilities.
6.) Two-way Pagers are response pagers with built-in QWERTY
keyboards. These pagers allow the user reply to messages, originate
messages, and forward messages using free-form text as well as
canned responses.
7.) One-way Modems- are controllers with integrated paging
receivers, which are capable of taking local action based on
messages and data they receive.
8.) Two-way Modems- have capabilities similar to one-way modems,
and can also confirm messages and transmit their own messages
and data.
Receivers:
A paging receiver is a small battery-powered
superheterodyne receiver.
Most pagers use a single-chip IC receiver
A FLEX paging receiver - simple single-
conversion receiver. The local oscillator is
crystal-controlled and therefore sets the
paging receiver to a specific frequency.
A FLEX paging receiver.
Examples
A Motorola Advisor alphanumeric pager used in Brazil in the
1990s, operated by Teletrim
Gold Apollo Co., Ltd. Tone-Only Pager
Two way pager with GSM capability
A dual-frequency Unication pager for use by EMS units