Endocrine system

q a
Hypothalmus
links our endocrine and nervous systems together. It drives the
endocrine system.
Pituitary gland
It receives signals from the hypothalamus. This gland has two lobes,
the posterior and anterior lobes. The posterior lobe secretes
hormones that are made by the hypothalamus. The anterior lobe
produces its own hormones,
Thyroid gland
The gland is critical to the healthy development and maturation of
vertebrates and regulates metabolism.
Adrenal gland
The gland is made up of two glands: the cortex and medulla. These
glands produce hormones in response to stress and regulate blood
pressure, glucose metabolism, and the body's salt and water balance.
Pancreas
Is responsible for producing glucagon and insulin. Both hormones
help regulate the concentration of glucose (sugar) in the blood.
Gonads
The reproductive gonads testes(male),ovaries(female), produce
steroids that affect growth and development and also regulate
reproductive cycles and behaviors. The major categories of gonadal
steroids are androgens, estrogens and progestins.
Hypothalmus produce
what hormone
Oxytoxin and ADH
Oxytoxin hormon fctn
Contract uterine muscle during labor. Releasing milk from
mammary gland ( breast feeding)
ADH fctn
stimulate water reabsorption by the kidney;also constrict blood
vesse
Posterior pituitary? Produceces ADH and oxytocin
Anterior Pituitary
Produces 5 galand hormones such gh, Proclain, tsh, acth, fsh and
gonadotropic hormone.
TSH stimulate the the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormone
ACTH Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete steroids. especially cortisol
GH
Stimulate the growth of bone and soft tissue ; stymulates the
synthesis of glucose during periode of fastingalso called
samatotropin.
FSH Stimulate the ova and sperm.
LH
Causing ovulation in women and stimulates the secretion
ofprogesterone in women and testerone in men.
Prolactin stimulates the breast to develop and produce milk.
Ovary Produces estrogen and progresterone in woman
Testis Produces testosterone
Parathyroid gland Produces Parathyroid hormone
Thyroid hormone (T3,T4)
TrIIodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine. tetralodothyronlne (T4) are
secreted by the thyroid gland: control metabolic rate and regulate
growth and development
Produces Parathyroid
hormone
Secreted by the parathyroid glands: Increases plasma calcium by
stimulating osteoclastic activity. Increasing reabsorption of calcium
by the kidneys. and by Increasing the absorption of dietary calcium
Adrenal medulla
Secretes catecholamines (epinephrine) and small amounts of
norepinephrine Stimulates the "flght-or-flight" response; Increases
blood glucose Epinephrine Is also called adrenalin
Adrenal cortex cortisol
A glucocorticoid that helps regulate glucose. fat. and protein
metabolism;
Aldosterone
A mineralocorticoid that causes the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and
water and to excrete potassium: helps regulate fluid and electrolyte
balance
Sex hormones
Especially the androgens (testosterone): helps develop the
secondary sex
Insulin
Secreted by the beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans: helps regulate
the metabolism of carbohydrates. proteins. and fats: lowers blood
glucose
Glucagon
Secreted by the alpha cells of the Islets of Langerhans: raises blood
glucose
Estrogens and
progesterone
Secreted by the ovaries
Testosterone
Secreted primarily by the testesThe chief male androgen: stimulates
the development of sperm and the secondary sex characteristics In
the male
Thymoslns Stimulates the maturation of the T-Iymphocytes
Melatonin Secreted by the pineal gland and helps set the biorhythms
Acromegally s/s The enlargement bone of the hand, jaws, cheecks, forehead or nose.
Treatment for acromegally Cryosurgery or transphenoidal or removal of the tumor
Drugs for acromegally Parlodel and sandostin
Diet for acromegally Soft food
Oversecretion of GH
before closure of
ephiphyses
Gigantism
Level of gigantism in the
blood .
Dx test for gigantism
Surgical removal or
Irradiation of anterior
pituitary
Treatment for gigantism
Understanding and
emotional support
Nursing responsibility for Gigantism pt.
Too much ADH SIADH
s/s of SIADH
Hypo Na <130 mEq/l/l, Water retention, eight gainConcentrated
urine (n urine osmolality >1200 msom/l, specific gravity >1020,
Muscle cramp, and weakness
Why no pheriperal edema
on SIADH
Because excess fluid accumulating in vascular system
What is Dx test for
SIADH
High Na, specific gravity > 1.032
What is medication for
SIADH
Declomicyn, Lythium Carb.
What treatment for
SIADH
Fluid rest and give Hypertonic SOL
Dibetes indsipidus Def. in ADH
s/s of Diabetes insipidus
Extreemely large urination +/- 25-30 l per24 hr, polydipsia,
dehydration and serious electrolite imbalance.
Dx test for diabetes
insipidus
specific gravity < 1.005
What is the diet for
diabetes insipidus
No caffein and no teeism
Treatment for diabetes
insipidus
Replacement of ADH by injecting or absorption of the hormone
what is cushing syndrome Too much cortisol in the blood (adrenal Hyperfunction)
s/s of cushing syndrome
Buffalo hump, moon face, distention of abdominal, ecchy mosis,
impotensy, osteo H B/P.
Treatment for cushing
syndrome
Radiation c cobalt, surgical
Causing effect for cushing
syndrome
Prolong used of glucocorticoid or corticotropin medication for
chronic inflammatory disorder such as chronic obstruction
pulmonary disease, chron,s disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. also
called iatrogenic.
Grave's disease
a syndrome in which thyrotoxicosis is associated w/ diffuse goiter
or autoimmune disease.
Hashimoto thyroiditis
is an autoimmune disease that destroy the essential enzym that is
necessary for prod. of T3 & T4. X. Down syndrome and turner's
syndrom
Cushing syndrome too much cortisol
Thyroid syndrome (blank)
diffuse toxic goiter (blank)
simple nontoxic goiter (blank)
Nodular goiter (blank)
chvostek sign (blank)
Trousseau's sign (blank)
Addison disease (blank)
Pheocromositoma (blank)
Hyperparathyroidism (blank)
Hypoparathyroidism (blank)
Hyperthyroidism (blank)
Hypothyroidism (blank)
Cretinism (blank)
s/s of myexedema
hoarse and raspy voice, slow speech,lethargy, expressionless
face,protruding toungue, coarse and sparse hair, weight gain and dry
skin.