Apl Logistics

Internship Report on
Manpower Demand Simulator

at
APL Logistics (India) Pvt. Ltd.
June-July 2012, Mumbai
Submitted by-
Shashi Ranjan
IME-M.Tech
IIT Kanpur
July 26, 2012

Internship Report on Manpower Demand Simulator
At APL Logistics (India) Pvt. Ltd
Shashi Ranjan
Intern, APL Logistics (India) Pvt. Ltd.
- 2 -

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my sincerest gratitude to Mr. Bennet Nelson Panikacherry (GM- Global Solutions Centre),
Mr. Deepak Tiwari (Head, Contract Logistics), Mr. Amit Gourwar (Sr. Manager, Global Logistics
Centre), Ms. Poorvi Kumar (Logistics Engineer), Mr. Michael Pangaraj (Logistics Engineer) and Mr.
Desh Deepak Shakya (Logistics Engineer) for their valuable guidance throughout the summer
internship. The quality of this work owes a great deal to the help rendered by them and their critical
reviews through various stages of this project.

Special Thanks to Mr. V.V.N. Prasad( Manager-Admin & Procurement) and Mr. Sagar Hulyalkar( Sr.
Manager-HR) for their kind co-operation and making me comfortable during the entire duration of
this project.

Finally, Thanks to APL Logistics (India) Pvt. Ltd. for giving me such a nice opportunity to work with
the solution team which helped me in learning the implementation of knowledge and skill on real
world problems.

Shashi Ranjan
- 3 -

CONTENTS

1. About APL Logistics 04
2. Introduction 05
3. Objective 06
4. Approach 06
5. News-Vendor Model 07
6. Implementation of Manpower Demand Simulator using VBA Excel 09
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

Master Data
Productivity Sheet
Manpower Details
Inbound/Outbound
Simulation Input
Result Analysis
VBA Code

12
14
16
17
21
22
24

Shashi Ranjan
- 4 -

About APL Logistics
APL Logistics provides international, integrated supply chain services in 50 countries, including both
origin and destination service such as freight consolidation, warehousing and distribution
management. With 4,500 professionals in 260 locations globally, APL Logistics offers consulting
solutions and uses IT for maximum supply chain visibility and control. APL Logistics is a unit of
Singapore-based Neptune Orient Lines (NOL).
Services
International Logistics Services: Multi-modal transportation services include:
o Air-Sea Services
o Global Freight Solutions
o Origin/Destination Consolidation
o Purchase Order, Vendor and Invoice Management
o Shipment Planning/Key Performance Indicator (KPI) Reporting/Analytics
o Time Definite ServicesOcean Guaranteed LCL Service
Land Transport Services: Optimizes customers' domestic transportation network through:
o Intermodal Services
o Highway Services
o Managed Transportation Services
o Information Technology Solutions
o Engineering Solutions
Contract Logistics: Operates a global network of facilities that provide:
o Warehousing and Order Fulfilment
o Inbound Logistics
o Value-added Services
o Manufacturing Support
o Vendor Managed Inventory
o Distribution Management
Automotive Logistics: Supports lean manufacturing and distribution activities via:
o Inbound Parts Logistics
o Finished Vehicle Logistics
o Service Parts Distribution
o North American Free Trade Agreement
o Intermodal Services
o Emerging Markets Logistics

Shashi Ranjan
- 5 -

Introduction
Many times it is observed that the manpower working in warehouses are free and many times they
are doing overtime, In both the cases company is not able to utilize the manpower resource at its
best. The APL Solution team wanted me to develop a tool in excel to calculate the optimum level of
manpower required to finish all the work within a permissible time while minimizing the loss caused
due to overtime and unused monthly salary.
In warehouse the time required to finish any activity depends upon the volume of reference and the
ability of manpower. The volume of reference varies time to time and activity to activity. I
segmented the working hours in one hour slots and took the assumption that the activities are
reiterating every hour and finished within that one hour slot. As the volume of reference changes
every hour, the manpower required to meet our assumption will be different as well.
The arrival of volume of reference follows poissons distribution which is just as the arrival of bus at a
bus stop. So, I calculate the average volume of references every hour and then generating the data
with the help of simulation many times to consider the randomness and minimize the effect caused
due to the random nature.
After that I need the information about the ability of manpower which can be gathered with the
previous observation. Having generated volume of reference and gathered the ability of manpower
its easy to calculate the manpower required every hour to finish the activities. Now our problem is
quite similar to News-Vendor model which is discussed later.
This tool is designed in vba excel which can be run on any computer and is much user-friendly. I run
the F&N data on this tool, it took 1hr 25min to calculate the various permanent manpower required
for one year.
Shashi Ranjan
- 6 -

Objective
This tool is designed to to calculate the optimum level of permanent employee required in
warehouse to perform all the activities in providing the logistics facilities to the client at the
minimum cost.
Approach
The 1
st
question raised in my mind why do I need to calculate the optimum level.
Well, lets understand this with an example-
Ive hired 22 people to finish any work in a hour while I receive a work which can be finished by 20
people only in a hour. That means I am incurring fixed cost on 2 employee who are unused. If Ive
hired 18 people my work would remain due next hour. After all Ive to fulfill the clients requirement,
that work must be completed. So I need to pay overtime to get that work done. That overtime per
manpower is always greater that the fixed cost incurred on a manpower. So I need to calculate the
permanent manpower for a year for which the total fixed cost + overtime cost will be minimum for
the year.
In warehouse the time required to finish any activity depends upon the volume of reference and
the ability of manpower. The volume of reference varies time to time and activity to activity. I
segmented the working hours in one hour slots and took the assumption that the activities are
reiterating every hour and finished within that one hour slot. As the volume of reference changes
every hour, the manpower required to meet our assumption will be different as well.
Once Ive calculated the manpower required every hour I need to calculate the optimum level for a
year. I used New-Vendor model on this problem to meet my objective.
To apply New-vendor model we must have the information to calculate the manpower required
every hour. In the previous section Ive mentioned that the required manpower depends upon the
arrival of volume of reference per hour and the productivity of manpower to finish the activity.
From the previous observation the APL team has seen that the volume of reference follows certain
trend which varies monthly, weekly, daily and hourly. The team also expects 15% growth next year.
With the help of trend and growth rate i generate arrival of demand/order every hour. Now I require
a productivity sheet which will give me the productivity of manpower with different activities which
would help me in calculating the manpower required per hour.

Shashi Ranjan
- 7 -
News-Vendor Model
This model helps the vendor in deciding how many newspaper he should supply to the market in
order to maximize his profit as the demand of market varies everyday.
Lets understand this with an example-
The news-vendor collected the previous 100 days demand of market

Procurement cost = 1.5
Selling price = 3
Scrap price =0.25
Profit per newspaper =1.5
Loss per newspaper = 1.25
Expected loss(x) expected loss if he supplies x newspaper
Expected loss(20) = 1.5 *{P(21)*(21-20) + P(22)*(22-20) + P(23)*(23-20)} = 2.025
Expected loss(21) = 1.25*P(20)*(21-20) + 1.5*{P(22)*(22-21) + P(23)*(23-21)} = 1.075
Expected loss(22)= 1.25*{P(20)*(22-20) + P(21)*(22-12)} + 1.5*p(23)*(23-22) = 1.225
Expected loss(23) = 1.25 * {P(20)*(23-20) + P(21) * (23-21) + P(22)*(23-22)} = 2.0625
Demand of
newspaper
Frequency Probability
20 newspaper 20 0.2
21 newspaper 40 0.4
22 newspaper 25 0.25
23 newspaper 15 0.15
Shashi Ranjan
- 8 -

IF I solved this problem using classical approach 21 newspaper supply would cost him the least loss.
The same problem can be solved using News-Vendor model in few steps only. According to this
model-
Underage cost The loss caused per unit if the demand exceeds supply
Overage cost - the loss caused per unit if the supply exceeds demand
Here, underage cost = 1.5, overage cost = 1.25
Critical ratio = underage cost/(underage cost + overage cost) = 1.5/2.75 = 0.545
a/c to this model the vendor should supply the quantity whose cumulative probability is just
greater than critical ratio .
so, for 21, cumulative probability = 0.6
and hence this is the quantity which would cost him least loss.

Our problem is no more different than this new-vendor problem. If I replace newspaper by
manpower required this would meet my objective.
Here,
Underage cost = overtime cost
Overage cost = fixed cost unused
Critical ratio = overtime / (overtime +fixed) cost
suppose, overtime cost = 100
fixed cost/hr = 60
critical ratio = 100/160 = 0.625
and from the newsvendor table , 21 manpower is the optimum level for this critical ratio.

Shashi Ranjan
- 9 -

Implementation of Manpower Demand Simulator using VBA Excel
Before going in details of this project I want to mention the color codes used in the project which
would help you in differentiating various data types.

Input
Drop down Input
Formula
Output
Heading Bold
Subheading Bold
Minor heading Bold
Page heading Bold

Input/Output Button

Macro Button

Shashi Ranjan
- 10 -

This is the master column of Manpower
Demand Simulator which contains 10 buttons
comprised of 5 input buttons, 2
commanding buttons and 3 output buttons.
All these buttons guide the user to move to the
corresponding tables. These buttons are
arranged in a sequential manner in order to
run this software properly.
These are the steps listed below to operate it
easily-
Step 1 : Click the "Master Data Input" and fill
the Master Data column which contains
"Manpower Type", "Resources", "Activities",
"UOM", "Activity type" and "Volume
reference".
Step 2 : Click "the Productivity Sheet Input"
button which takes you to the Productivity
Sheet table and fill the required fields.
Step 3: Click the Manpower Details Input
button which takes you to the Manpower
Details table where you require to fill the
monthly salary , overtime cost and working
hours of manpower type.
Shashi Ranjan
- 11 -

Step 4: Click the Inbound/Outbound button
which takes you to Inbound /Outbound sheet
where you've to fill the available volume of
reference, the expected growth, it's yearly,
Monthly, weekly, daily and hourly distribution.
Then there is a conversion table with the help
of which you can generate the other volume of
reference.
Step 5: Click the "Simulation Input" button
which takes you the table which asks the user
to fill the no. of times you want to run the
code for simulation, the day simulation start
and the day it terminates.
Step 6: Click the "Run" button but just wait my
friend, before doing that click the "Reset"
button to make sure that the previous output
got evaporated.
Step 7: Click the "Result " button to see the
result which contains the recommended
quantity of manpower type generated from the
code. If you are more interested to know the
Intermediate and News-Vendor output please
click the corresponding buttons.

These are the brief summary of steps one
should follow in order to run this tool
properly.

Shashi Ranjan
- 12 -
Step 1:

Manpower Type
Unskilled labor
Data Entry Operator

Resources
HPT
BOPT
Stacker
Reach truck
Forklift
Pick trolley

Table 1: Manpower Type
As the User follows the steps described in the
previous page the 1
st
table he encounters is
Manpower Type. There are 20 Input fields where
user can enter the types of manpower involved in the
various activities of warehousing.
So even if he enters more than 20 manpower types
this will take the 1
st
20 entries as the input and
perform operation on them only.
Its not mandatory to fill all the 20 entries. So, enter
only the types of manpower who matter to your
purpose as it will help the software to process faster.
For the sample data Ive kept 4 manpower types.
Table 2: Resources
This table also accepts maximum 20
entries as its input. So the user has to
list down here the resources used by
various manpower while performing
the activities.
For the sample data 6 resources has
been used.
Shashi Ranjan
- 13 -

Activities
Receive Inbound ASN
Receive inbound docs
Scan cartons at pallet level
Unloading Pallets
Visual Check of Cartons
Visual Check of Pallet
Stretch wrapping and palletizing of loose cartons
from imports
Putaway pallets to rack storage locations
Putaway pallets to block storage locations

UOM
Truck
Shipment
Carton
Piece
Bag
Crate
Wooden box

Table 3: Activities
User requires to list down the various
activities performed in warehouse as
the input to this table.
Maximum entries 40
For the sample data total 9 activities
has been used.
Table 4: UOM
UOM- Unit of measurement
User requires to list down the unit of
measurements used for different
activities in warehouse as the input to
this table.
Maximum entries 20
For the sample data total 7 UOM has
been used.
Shashi Ranjan
- 14 -

Table 5

So, the Master Data input contains total 5 tables for 5 different kinds of inputs. Once the user is
finished with this he is supposed to follow step 2 which will take him to the Productivity Sheet

Step 2:- Productivity Sheet Input

The 1
st
column of this table is Activity and cells of this column are drop-down input which prompts
the user to select the activity from the activity table belonging to Master data.
The 2
nd
column is Manpower whose cells are linked to the Manpower Type table of Master data with
the drop down menu. So, the user can select the manpower involved in the activity listed in the
corresponding cell of column1.
The 3
rd
column is Team size and the cells of this column are direct user input.
The 4
th
column is UOM whose cells are linked to UOM table of Master Data through drop down
menu.
The 5
th
column is Minutes/Unit and the cells of this column are direct user input. The user requires
to fill the time consumes in performing the corresponding activity per UOM.
The 6
th
column is Unit/Hr whose cell values are calculated from the formula 60/(min/unit) i.e the no.
of units processed per Hr for the corresponding activity.

volume reference
Total inbound shipments
Total inbound pallets
Inbound cartons
Outbound shipments
Outbound pallets
outbound cartons

Table 5: Volume of reference
User requires to enter the volume of
reference for different activities in
warehouse as the input to this table.
Maximum entries 20
For the sample data total 7 UOM has
been used.
Shashi Ranjan
- 15 -

Shashi Ranjan
- 16 -

The 7
th
column is Resource used while performing the corresponding activity of column 1. This is also
a drop down input linked to Resource table of Master Data.
The 8
th
column is Volume reference which is linked to Volume reference table of Master Data
through drop down menu.

Step 3:- Manpower Details Input

Manpower Monthly Cost overtime cost/hr opening time closing time Total working day
Unskilled labor 12000 100 4 12 25
Data Entry Operator 15000 120 4 12 25

The 1
st
column is Manpower and the cells of this column directly fetches the list of manpower
entered by the user in Manpower Type table of Master Data.
The 2
nd
(Monthly cost), 3
rd
(Overtime Cost/hr), 4
th
(Opening Time),5
th
(closing time)& 6
th
(Total
working day in a month) columns are user input . Opening &closing time gives the working hour
information of manpower. This facility is given to deal with many cases when different manpower
types have different working hours in warehouse.

Shashi Ranjan
- 17 -

Step 4: Inbound/Outbound Input

This step consists of many sub-steps as many tables are there which must be filled in a proper
sequence.
The 1
st
input is-

The 2
nd
cell colored sky blue is a drop-down input which is linked to the volume of reference table of
Master data. This is the reference volume whose information is available to the user and with the
help of this and the conversion table (discussed later), user can extract the information of other
volume references.
Reference yr Demand/Order Growth rate Year 1
Total inbound
shipments
2010 20000 15.00% 2013 30417.5

This is the 2
nd
table of Inbound/Outbound Input which takes 4 inputs-
1. Reference yr User is supposed to enter the year of which volume reference selected as the
1
st
input is available to him.
2. Deman/Order - This input field is supposed to get the quantity of selected VOR i.e the
available information
3. Growth rate- This is the expected growth rate of VOR per year .
4. Year1- This is year of which demand/order is calculated for our calculation purpose.
5. 5
th
Column is the quantity of selected VOR expected in year 1.This is not a user input- this is
calculated with the compound interest formula-
(Demand/order)
year1
= (Demand/Order)
reference yr
*(1+growth rate/100)
year1 reference yr

After feeding these inputs user has to fill the observed yearly, monthly, weekely, daily and
hourly demand/order distribution.
Tables for these distribution are described on the next page.

Select VoR
Total inbound
shipments
Shashi Ranjan
- 18 -

Monthly demand
distribution
Week %age demand
1 23.00%
2 23.00%
3 24.00%
4&5 30.00%

Yearly demand distribution

Month %age demand
Jan 9.67%
Feb 8.03%
Mar 7.87%
Apr 8.06%
May 8.30%
June 8.52%
July 9.00%
Aug 9.00%
Sep 8.17%
Oct 7.80%
Nov 7.60%
Dec 7.98%
Table: Yearly Demand distribution
This table requires the user to fill the yearly
demand/Order distribution observed in
warehouse.
9.67% means 9.67% of total VOR selected as the
1
st
input comes or delivers in January.
This yearly distribution is taken from sample
data.
One can change this as per his distribution.
Table : Monthly Demand distribution
This table requires the user to fill the
monthly demand/Order distribution
observed in warehouse.
The 1
st
3 week is considered to be of 7
days each while the 4&5 contains the
remaining days of month.
So, this is the demand distribution of
monthly demands/orders.
Eg- For the sample data 1
st
week of any
month observes the 23% of
demand/orders of that month
Shashi Ranjan
- 19 -

Weekly demand
distribution
Day %age demand
Sunday 0.00%
Monday 9.00%
Tuesday 9.00%
Wednesday 30.00%
Thursday 31.00%
Friday 15.00%
Saturday 6.00%
Daily demand/order distribution
Hr %age demand
0 4.50%
1 4.00%
2 3.50%
3 3.00%
4 3.00%
5 3.50%
6 3.60%
7 4.00%
8 4.00%
9 4.20%
10 5.00%
11 5.00%
12 5.00%
13 5.00%
Table : Monthly Demand distribution
This table requires the user to fill the
weekly demand/Order distribution
observed in warehouse.
So, the total input user has too enter is 7.
Eg- For the sample data demand on
Sunday is kept 0 as this is the holiday but
its not mandatory to be 0 always.
In most of the warehouses most of the
demand/order are noticed on
Wednesday and Thursday. For the
sample data its 30% on Wednesday and
31% on Thursday.
Table: Daily Demand Distribution
This table asks the user to feed the daily
demand distribution observed in the
warehouse.
0 hr means demand observed between
12 am to 1 am
1hr means demand observed between
1am to 2am
So on..
For the sample data warehouse operates
round the clock.
User can input 0% for the hrs warehouse
is closed.
Shashi Ranjan
- 20 -

Available VoR Required VoR %age equiv Total dispatch NO. Of UoM1/UOM2
Total no.
of UOM2
Total inbound shipments Total inbound pallets 100.00% 30417.5 0.066666667 456263
Total inbound pallets Inbound cartons 100.00% 456263 0.166666667 2737578
Total inbound shipments outbound cartons 100.00% 30417.5 0.066666667 456263
82.90% 0 0
90.00% 0 0
0.00% 0 0
0.00% 0 0
0.00% 0 0
0.00% 0 0
0.00% 0 0

This table helps the user in calculating the other volume of references from the available VOR.
The 1
st
column of this table is a drop down input linked to the VOR table of Master data. The 1
st
cell
always contains the VOR entered by the user in the 1
st
table of Inbound/Outbound.
The 2
nd
column is also the drop down input linked to the VOR table of Master Data. The cells of this
table contains the VOR which is required and calculated from the cells of 1
st
column.
The 3
rd
column is %age equivalence which asks the user to feed the %age of 1
st
column VOR
equivalent to the required VOR .
The 4
th
column coverts the %age equivalence into quantity using the formula
%age equiv * available VOR.
The 4
th
column is No. of UOM1/UOM2-
Each volume of reference are measured in some units.
UOM1- Unit of Measurement of 1
st
column cell
UOM2- Unit of Measurement of 2nd column cell
UOM1/UOM2- average no. of UOM1 per UOM2
5
th
column- Total no. of UOM2 = 3
rd
column cell/ 4
th
column cell

Shashi Ranjan
- 21 -

Step 6: Simulation Input

Step 7: Reset & Run

After filling all the input tables User is supposed to click the Reset macro and then the Run macro to
process the data.

As the process finishes you will get such messege demonstrating the total run time in processing the
data.
It took 6 min 36 sec to process 1 month data for 5 times. Now the user can go to result table to see
the result.

How many times to run 5
simulation starts at day 1
simulation stops at day 31
Shashi Ranjan
- 22 -

Result Analysis:

The recommended quantity evolved from simulation is 15 for Unskilled labor and 4 for data entry
operator.

Lets analyse the result :
The critical ratio for unskilled labor = 100/160 = 0.63
Critical ratio for data entry operator = 120/195 = 0.62
Now the user needs to refer the news-vendor output for further details-

Manpower
Monthly
Cost
overtime
cost/hr
opening
time
closing
time
Total
working
day
Fixed
cost/hr
critical
ratio
Recommended
quantity
Unskilled labor 12000 100 4 12 25 60 0.63 15
Data Entry
Operator 15000 120 4 12 25 75 0.62 4
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
Shashi Ranjan
- 23 -

Unskilled labor Data Entry Operator 0
Quantity Frequency
Cumulative
distribution Frequency
Cumulative
distribution Frequency
Cumulative
distribution
0 0 0 54 0.0500
1 0 143 0.1824
2 2 0.001851852 332 0.4898
3 17 0.017592593 107 0.5889
4 44 0.058333333 138 0.7167
5 130 0.178703704 73
6 108 0.278703704 107
7 114 0.384259259 40
8 56 0.436111111 52
9 62 0.493518519 11
10 50 0.539814815 14
11 25 0.562962963 3
12 21 0.582407407 6
13 21 0.601851852
14 22 0.622222222
15 13 0.634259259
16 48
17 67
18 81

The 1
st
column of table contains the quantity of manpower.
The 2
nd
column is the frequency of quantity of Unskilled labor required per hour .
The 3
rd
column gives the cumulative distribution of the Unskilled labor required per hour.

As the cumulative distribution of unskilled labor exceeded the critical ratio i.e 0.63 it stopped
calculating this for next quantities and the corresponding quantity i.e 15 is the optimum level which
would cost the least loss of company.
The same concept is applicable for data entry operator, and hence the answer is 4.

Shashi Ranjan
- 24 -
Module 1: Labor calculator
Sub laborcalc()

On Error Resume Next

Application.ScreenUpdating = False
Dim manpower As String
Dim resource As String
Dim volume_ref As String
Dim total As Double
Dim ratio As Double
Dim hr As Integer
Dim m As Integer
Dim start_time, end_time
Dim start_day, end_day
Dim total_manpower
Dim total_act
Dim total_vol

start_time = Now()
start_day = Cells(154, 7)
end_day = Cells(155, 7)
total_manpower = Cells(133, 7)
total_act = Cells(136, 7)
total_vol = Cells(135, 7)

For simulate = 1 To Cells(153, 7)

ActiveSheet.EnableCalculation = False
ActiveSheet.EnableCalculation = True

For h = 7 + 24 * (start_day - 1) To 6 + 24 * end_day
hr = Cells(h, 66).Value
For i = 90 To (89 + total_manpower)
manpower = Cells(6, i)
total = 0
For j = 11 To (10 + total_act)
If manpower = Sheets("Master Data").Cells(j, 7).Value Then
If Cells(i - 11, 11).Value < Cells(i - 11, 12).Value Then
If WorksheetFunction.And(hr >= Cells(i - 11, 11), hr < Cells(i - 11, 12)) Then

volume_ref = Cells(j, 13)
For k = 67 To 66 + total_vol
If volume_ref = Sheets("Master Data").Cells(6, k).Value Then
If Cells(h, k).Value = "" Then
Cells(h, k).Value = 0
End If
Shashi Ranjan
- 25 -
total = total + (Sheets("Master Data").Cells(h, k).Value / Sheets("Master
Data").Cells(j, 11).Value) * Sheets("Master Data").Cells(j, 8).Value
End If
Next k
Sheets("Master Data").Cells(h, i).Value = WorksheetFunction.RoundUp(total, 0)

End If

ElseIf Cells(i - 11, 11).Value > Cells(i - 11, 12).Value Then
If WorksheetFunction.Or(hr >= Cells(i - 11, 11), hr < Cells(i - 11, 12)) Then

volume_ref = Sheets("Master Data").Cells(j, 13).Value
For k = 67 To 66 + total_vol
If volume_ref = Sheets("Master Data").Cells(6, k).Value Then
If Cells(h, k).Value = "" Then
Cells(h, k).Value = 0
End If
total = total + (Sheets("Master Data").Cells(h, k).Value / Sheets("Master
Data").Cells(j, 11).Value) * Sheets("Master Data").Cells(j, 8).Value
End If
Next k
Sheets("Master Data").Cells(h, i).Value = WorksheetFunction.RoundUp(total, 0)

End If

End If

End If
Next j
If Cells(h, i) = "" Then
Cells(h, i) = ""
Else
Cells(Cells(h, i) + 7, 2 * (i - 90) + 115) = 1 + Cells(Cells(h, i) + 7, 2 * (i - 90) + 115)
End If
Next i
Next h

For i = 0 To (total_manpower - 1)
shift_length = Cells(79 + i, 12) - Cells(79 + i, 11)
If shift_length > 0 Then
Cells(7, 115 + 2 * i) = Cells(7, 115 + 2 * i) - Int((Cells(155, 7) - Cells(154, 7) + 1) / 7) * shift_length
Else
Cells(7, 115 + 2 * i) = Cells(7, 115 + 2 * i) - Int((Cells(155, 7) - Cells(154, 7) + 1) / 7) * (24 +
shift_length)
End If
Next i

For i = 0 To (total_manpower - 1)
total = 0
ratio = 0
Shashi Ranjan
- 26 -
myrange = Range(Cells(7, 115 + 2 * i), Cells(507, 115 + 2 * i))
total = WorksheetFunction.Sum(myrange)
Cells(508, 115 + 2 * i) = total
For j = 0 To 500
ratio = ratio + Cells(7 + j, 115 + 2 * i) / total
Cells(7 + j, 116 + 2 * i) = ratio
If ratio >= Cells(7 + i, 167) Then
Cells(7 + i, 168) = j
j = 500
End If
Next j
Next i

Next simulate

end_time = Now()
Cells(26, 168) = DateDiff("s", start_time, end_time)
MsgBox "Total Run Time = " & Int(Cells(26, 168).Value / 60) & " min " & Cells(26, 168).Value Mod 60
& " sec"

End Sub

Shashi Ranjan
- 27 -
Module 2: Public function to generate Poisson no.

Function RandPois(lambda As Single, _
Optional bVolatile As Boolean = False) As Long

Dim L As Single
Dim k As Long
Dim p As Single

If bVolatile Then Application.Volatile

L = Exp(-lambda)
p = 1
Do
k = k + 1
p = p * Rnd
Loop Until p <= L

RandPois = k - 1
End Function

Module 3: Reset

Sub CommandButton1_Click()
Application.ScreenUpdating = False

Range("CL7:DE8790").Select
Selection.ClearContents
Range("DK7:EX508").Select
Range("FL7:FL27").Select

End Sub

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Internship Report on

Manpower Demand Simulator

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