GLOSSARY.

1355
the mixture of colours introduced in it. It w.is not, however, till the middle of the
eighteenth century that the art of making scagliola was brought to perfection. It is
used to decorate the walls of a staircase, and for columns and pilasters to a room.
When well done it resembles marbles of great beauty, and to great perfection, and the
best can be obtained at a less cost than the real marble.
Scale. (Sax.) A line divided into a certain number of equal parts, usually on wood,
ivory, or meUd, for laying down dimensions in mathematical and architectural
drawing. There are various sorts of scales; as, the p'.cme scale, Gunters scale,
diagonal scale, &c.
Scalene Triangle. (S/caATjros, oblique.) In geometry, one whose sides are all unequal.
Scale Paper. Paper having woven in it divisions at certain distances
;
or it is so pre-
pared by printing the divisions upon it. It can be used for writing, squaring dimen-
sions, or even for drawing in proportionate parts, or axial lines, a system of designing
used by Bramante and other early Italian artists.
Scallage or Scallenqe. A term used in Herefordshire and the west of England for a
lychgate.
ScALPTURATtTM, Opus. According to Pliny it resembled inlaid work, the pattern being
chiselled out of the solid ground, and filled up with thin leaves of coloured marble.
A beautiful example was found at Pompeii ; it was first introduced into Italy after the
beginning of the third Punic war, B.C. 14 7-103.
ScAMiLLi IMPARKS. A term used by Vitruvius, which has puzzled all the commentators
until the investigations of Mr. Penrose, when he found that the horizontal lines of the
Parthenon were inclined almost imperceptibly from the ends to the centre. These
slight risings are held to explain the term. See Hogging. The term was formerly
supposed to mean a small plinth below the bases of the Ionic and Corinthian
columns.
ScANDUL^. (Lat) In early buildings of the Romans, shingles or flat pieces of wood
used for covering instead of tiles. According to Cornelius Nepo?, this was the only
covering used in Rome till the war with Pyrrhus in the 470th year of the city.
ScAXTLE. A gauge for regulating the proper length of slates.
Scantling. (Pr.) The dimensions of a piece of timber in breadth and thickness. It is
also a term used to denote a piece of timber, as of quartering in a partition, when under
five inches square, or the rafter, purlin, or pole plate of a roof. In masonry, scantling
is the length,, breadth, and thickness of a stone.
Scape or Scapus. (Gr.) The shaft of a column
;
also the little hollow, above or below,
which connects the shaft with the base, or with the fillet under the astragal.
ScAPLiNG or ScABBLiNG. A method of tooling the face of a stone.
Scarfing. The joining of two pieces of timber transversely together, so that the two
appear but one. Large timbers are likewise bolted together.
Scene. (Gr, Sfcrjj/Tj.) Strictly an alley or rural portico for thade or shelter, wherein,
according to Cassiodorus, theatrical pieces were first represented. When first applied to
a theatre, it signified the wall forming the back of the stage, but aftern-ards came to
mean the whole stage, and is now restricted to the representation of the place in which
the drama represents the action. According to Vitruvius, the Greek scene was occupied
in the middle by a great door, called the royal door, because decorated as the gate of a
palace. At the sides were smaller doors, called hosjjitalia, because representing the
entrances to habitations destined for strangers, Avhich the Greeks commonly placed on
the two sides of their houses.
Sceno3Baphy. (Gr.) The method of representing solids in perspec'ive.
ScHKDUi.E OF Prices. A document forming part of a contract, and intended to be used
for ascertaining (after execution) the sum to be paid for works performed, whether by
measurement or by daywork. Where a "bill of quantities
"
has not been prepared, or
where the extent of work cannot be exactly settled beforehand, a schedule is usually
a'lop'ed. For certain works a schedule is fully priced out, and tenders invited at a
percentage above or below such prices, either over the Avhole, or on or oflf each parti-
cular trade.
Scheme or Skene Arch. One which is a segment of a circle.
ScHENE. (Gr.) The representation of any design or geometrical figure by lines so as to
make it comprehensible.
Scholium. In mathematics, a remark after the demonstration of a proposition, showing
how it may be done some other way, or giving some advice or precaution to prevent
mistakes, or adding some particular use or application thereof.
School of Art. See College and Museum.
School. A building for elementary, practical, general, or special education, and preli-
minary to university institutions. In Germany, compulsory education is a fact, and
absentees are fined. The schools are so arranged that a ciiild can pursue a course of
training which will most fit him for his future career. There are Elementary schools;