The Last Smartphone Project ARA

Tired of upgrading your phone every few years? Meet the modular chameleon that might just be
the only portable gadget youll ever need
In the future, your phone wont be a single chunk of gadgetry. Itll be a collection of things that
you can click together into phones of different sizes depending on how youre feeling, what
youre wearing and what you plan to do. Itll have every sensor under the sun, but only if you
decide to add them, and itll be permanently future-proof, because adding a new processor will
be as simple as slotting in a SIM card. Join us as we travel into the brave new world of Googles
Project Ara to find out if it really is the last phone youll ever buy.
How many gadgets have you bought? Im guessing your answer will be: Oh, most of them.
But how many of them have eventually stopped working and been thrown away? Sadly, your
answer is likely to be the same: most of them. For decades weve bought things we cant repair,
with screens that break and batteries that lose their juice after six months.

And every time that happens, we check our insurance, summon a shiny new replacement and
send the old gadget to be buried in a mountain of VHS tapes, broken furniture and those bags of
salad that never get finished. There has to be a better way.
It was exactly these kinds of thoughts that began bouncing around the brain of Dutch product
designer Dave Hakkens last year when his camera broke. Or rather, when part of it broke. That
part was easily replaceable although hes not an engineer, Hakkens was able to spot the
defective lens motor and remove it.
The only problem was, he couldnt get a replacement, because camera companies dont sell lens
motors. They sell cameras. Thats the weird thing about electronics, says Hakkens. If your car
or your bike is faulty, you fix it. But with the camera, they said I should just throw it away and
buy a new one.

A phone you can break
Instead, Hakkens began thinking about how to make gadgets that could be repaired and
upgraded, rather than replaced. He quickly realised the ubiquitous smartphone was the best place
to start, and began designing a phone with removable components that could be swapped when
they break or get old.
But while Hakkens has a gift for ideas, hes not an electrical engineer. I had an idea for a phone,
but I couldnt build it, he says. So I thought, whats the best way to get this done? The answer
was to do what no large company in its right mind would do with an idea like this: he made a
video explaining his idea, and put it on the internet.
The response to Hakkens concept phone, which he called Phonebloks, was huge. Within days he
had over 900,000 supporters on the Thunderclap public speaking platform and the campaign
reached an estimated 380 million people on social media, not to mention TV, newspapers and
magazines.
Among the huge number of responses, there was an email that would make Hakkens dream a
reality. We got a lot of people and companies responding, and one of them was Motorola. They
said they were working on something similar, but theyd been doing it secretly in their lab.
bygone ArA

Arduino 2005
Aras spiritual predecessor, this microcontroller sparked a maker revolution covering
everything from 3D printing to home automation. Google hopes Ara will spark a similar reaction
from compulsive tinkerers.
Modu 2007
The first modular phone was on the right track, but persisted with the terrible idea of dressing up
a tiny phone in jackets to add functionality. It disappeared in 2011, and Google snapped up its
patents.
Xi3 Modular Computer 2011

Like Ara, this tiny PC (about the size of a can of beans) devised a new modular architecture to let
you tweak everything right down to its ports. Xi3 was rumoured to be making the first Steam
box, but now builds NUCs for Intel.
Phonebloks 2013
Last year, product designer Dave Hakkens sparked a frenzy with this modular concept. Motorola
had been secretly working on a similar idea, so they teamed up for a modular love-in.

How to buy an Ara phone
1 Choose your endo
Google envisions there being three types of Ara frame, or endo. There will be a Mini version,
thats about the size of a candy-bar feature phone, a Medium option with iPhone 5s-like
dimensions, and a Large model thats in phablet territory. All three will be 9.7mm thick, with the
grey phone coming in the Medium size.
2 Pick your modules
Now for the fun bit. Using the Ara Configurator app (either on your smartphone or via a friend
who has an Ara invite) you can play around with and choose which modules you want to slot
into your endo. Google wants this to be an app store for modules. Those looking to try before
they buy will be able to visit pop-up demo stores.
3 Get Customising
Chosen all your modules? Now its time to design their 3D-printed shells. Google is planning
to go big on personalisation: for example, youll be able to import a holiday photo into the app,
get a colour palette based on its hues and use this as your design. Youll also be able tweak the
shells materials and texture until its just how you want it.
Epic sh*t
One of the people who had been hard at work in that secret lab was another designer, Gadi Amit.
Gadis own company, New Deal Design, has shaped a significant portion of the tech thats
graced our pages in the last few years,
including the FitBit, the Lytro camera, the Airocide air purifier and designs for Dell and Netgear.
Gadis team was recruited by ATAP, the secretive Advanced Technology And Projects group
within Motorola (and then Google following its buyout of Motorola in 2012) that cooks up
futuristic technologies in unmarked buildings on Californian business parks. ATAP describes
itself as a small band of pirates, which is exactly the kind of thing nerds like to call themselves,
and has the motto We like epic shit, which sounds confusing and disgusting but apparently
means something quite different in American.
ATAPs brief is to pick wildly ambitious goals and deliver them in two years. The brief they
gave Gadis team was unlike anything theyd been asked to do before. They said they wanted a
modular phone that could serve six billion people, explains Gadi. They wanted it to have a
malleable configuration, a high-technology core that can work with low-cost, detachable parts,
and they wanted people to be able to 3D-print elements of it.

We came up with around 10 kinds of phone. We had a design that looked like a normal phone,
but you would pop the hood at the back and inside youd see a variety of components attached
with flat cables or connectors, very much like a PC. The problem with that concept was that if
someone like my mum wants to swap a component well, she probably wont do that, because
shes not the sort of person who opens a PC to replace the RAM. So this concept would appeal to
tech enthusiasts, but its not for six billion phones.
Then we looked at a hybrid model half the phone was closed, and then half of it had
interchangeable modules that were visible from the outside. We looked at phones that came in
layers, like a cake, layer on layer on layer. And we had a concept that was similar to Phonebloks
in the sense that there wasnt a skeleton, only blocks that connected to each other, which we
called the Lego phone.
Both of these had a fundamental problem, though, which was that if you want to make the
platform reliable, you have to be able to control the core communication bus between the
different components. You dont want to have one component communicating with another by
way of the component in between, because if the component in the middle is slower, itll limit
the performance of the whole phone.









How to change an ara module
You wont have to click, screw or glue your fun-squares into place Aras much more clever
than that
Step 1
In Aras custom version of Android, go to the modules section and select the tile you want to
change. This will be a new variant of Android, as Googles OS doesnt currently support hot-
swappable hardware.
Step 2
Ara gives the chosen module a short pulse of current that turns its electropermanent magnets
off. The magnets only use power when you switch their polarity, so they dont chomp your
battery.
Step 3
You can now slide the module out from its port. Thanks to your Ara phones small backup
battery, you can even swap out the main battery while the phones still on. No more faffing with
external battery packs.
Step 4
Slide in your new module and another small pulse will automatically lock it into place. Get ready
to start playing with your new camera/RAM/Geiger counter.
Magnets from the future
So we kept trying new ideas, but the concept that was a winner every time was the idea of a
phone with a rigid grid of modules of three sizes that slotted into an inner skeleton. Its just like
having a spine and a central nervous
system, and thats why we used the word endoskeleton, in a biological sense. But Project
Aras endoskeleton isnt just a dumb connector.
You can swap out a battery, says Gadi, while youre making a call. The endoskeleton will
maintain the call for up to five minutes because it has its own internal battery. When Dave
Hakkens visited Google for his first look at Project Ara, his favourite part of the design was the
way the modules are held in place. My design had a board with modules held in by pins, but
Google is using electropermanent magnets, which are quite a magical thing.
Its like an electromagnet, only usually an electromagnet always requires current. This one
doesnt you can flip the polarity to turn it on or off, but while its on or off its not using
any current. And when its stuck, its stuck. So to release the modules, you have to tell Android
to release them and itll switch the magnets off, but while theyre on, they wont fall out and you
cant pull them off it really feels like a solid phone.
Its a really nice, futuristic piece of technology. The skeletons themselves come in three sizes: a
small candy bar format that Gadi Amit says was chosen for its pocketability; a standard
smartphone size; and a phablet. Because swapping modules takes seconds, this means if you own
all three you can change the size of your phone (but keep using the same memory, processor,
camera and so on) depending on what youre doing. And as far as extras are concerned, the
possibilities for modules are almost endless. Its like an app store, basically, says Dave
Hakkens.
Ive heard some good ideas for solar modules, to add solar charging. One of my favourites came
from a woman who has diabetes, who responded to our video saying you could have a glucose
meter block, so she could measure the amount of sugar in her blood.

I would never have thought of it myself, and I dont think any phone maker would ever have
come up with an idea like that, but if you think about it theres a really big group of people who
would want that in their phone. But what Hakkens says hed like to see is more established
companies lending their expertise to modular phones.
Hes currently working with Sennheiser on audio blocks, such as DAC modules for audiophile-
quality headphone sound or better built-in speakers, but hes eager to get other firms to bring
their expertise in making cameras, batteries, processors and anything else you care to imagine
into modular phones.
And hes particularly keen to get chip manufacturers involved (Qualcomm, not McCain
although some sort of tiny deep-fryer module could be handy for mid-call snacking). If you can
replace the processor each time Nvidia or Intel brings out a newer, more powerful system-on-
chip, the old processor can be easily recycled, the upgrade process takes place piece-by-piece,
and your phone is always the most
powerful phone you can buy.


Upgrade everything
So how and when can you get hold of Ara? Ara will be launched in January 2015 as a grey
phone, with a set of basic modules made by Google. This is unlikely to roll in at the US$50
Google plans to sell Ara for around the world its an early form, similar to the way Google
launched Glass, giving geeks a first go on its futuristic device before more exotic modules appear
and it becomes real, mass-market, Christmas- list gadgetry.
Except, where Glass is one take on wearable tech, Ara and Phonebloks could pave the way for a
completely new breed of gadgets. If this takes off, module bays will become as commonplace as
USB ports. Youll be able to add processors and sensors to TVs, coffee machines, cars and
anything else to which you can legally take a soldering iron. Youll be able to upgrade
everything you own, without throwing anything away.
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