1) In the introduction of your case comment, you mentioned a book by

Kent Greenawalt and provided a citation in your eighth footnote: Kent

Greenawalt, Speech, Crime and the Use of Language (1989). Now, in
the third section of your article, you wish to create a citation for use in
a footnote that refers back to page 103 of this book.
Incorrect Citation: Greenawalt, supra note 8, at 103.
Hints: Short Form: Have you formulated a correct reference to an
earlier footnote, using the word supra, in italics, spelling out the
word note (not in italics) and including the footnote number in which
the full citation original appeared? 4.2(a) Check general format,
spelling, spacing, and punctuation.


3) In your article you will be referring to several articles by
Lucinda M. Finley. The first article was published in 1998 and
is entitled "The Hidden Victims of Tort Reform: Women,
Children, and the Elderly." It appears in volume 53 of the
Emory Law Journal at page 1263. You know that you will be
citing this article numerous times, as well as other articles by
Professor Finley. To distinguish this article from the others,
you want to refer to it as "Hidden Victims." Create a first
citation for this article, including a hereinafter nickname, for
use in your footnote twenty-four.
Incorrect Citation: 53 Lucinda M. Finley, The Hidden
victims of Tort Reform: Women, Children, and the Elderly
1263 (Emory L.J., 1998) [hereinafter Hidden Victims].
Hints: Title: Have you included the full title, in italics?
16.3 Periodical: Have you included the volume number
before the periodical name? 16.4 Periodical: Have you
included the correct abbreviation for the periodical, in large
and small caps? 16.4 & T13 Periodical: Have you correctly
spaced the periodical abbreviation? 6.1(a) & T13 Periodical:
Have you included the beginning page number of the article?
16.4 Parenthetical: Have you included the correct year of
publication? 16.4 Brackets: Have you created a hereinafter
nickname correctly for the author of multiple cited works,
using brackets, the authors last name and a shortened title?
4.2(b) Brackets: Have you placed hereinafter in plain type
followed by the author and title in the same typeface(s) as
the full citation? 4.2(b) Brackets: Have you ended the
citation sentence with a period outside the close bracket?
1.1 Check general format, spelling, spacing, and

punctuation.
For these exercises, you are assumed to know how to form
full citations for various types of sources. When in doubt,
consult the index to the Bluebook. For purposes of these
exercises, create the citation that would go into a footnote in
an academic article following the typeface conventions and
rules from the main pages of the Bluebook. Although most
footnote citations in academic articles begin with some sort
of signal, for purposes of these exercises, do not include a
signal unless one is provided for you.

4) In a later footnote, you wish to refer back to the Finley
article in your footnote twenty-four and direct your reader to
pages 1270 through 1272. [For your reference, the text of
Problem 3 is: In your article you will be referring to several
articles by Lucinda M. Finley. The first article was published
in 1998 and is entitled The Hidden Victims of Tort Reform:
Women, Children, and the Elderly. It appears in volume 53
of the Emory Law Journal, beginning on page 1263. You
know that you will be citing this article numerous times, as
well as other articles by Professor Finley. To distinguish this
article from the others, you want to refer to it as Hidden
Victims. Create a first citation for this article, including a
hereinafter nickname, for use in your footnote twenty-four.]



) In your article you will be referring to several articles by Lucinda M. Finley. The first article was published in 1998 and is entitled "The Hidden Victims of Tort
Reform: Women, Children, and the Elderly." It appears in volume 53 laof the Emory Law Journal at page 1263. You know that you will be citing this article
numerous times, as well as other articles by Professor Finley. To distinguish this article from the others, you want to refer to it as "Hidden Victims." Create a
first citation for this article, including a hereinafter nickname, for use in your footnote twenty-four.
Incorrect Citation: Lucinda M. Finley, The Hidden victims of Tort Reform: Women, Children, and the Elderly 53 Emory L.J., 1263 (1998) [hereinafter Hidden
Victims].
Hints: Title: Have you included the full title, in italics? 16.3 Periodical: Have you included the volume number before the periodical name? 16.4 Periodical:
Have you included the correct abbreviation for the periodical, in large and small caps? 16.4 & T13 Periodical: Have you correctly spaced the periodical
abbreviation? 6.1(a) & T13 Periodical: Have you included the beginning page number of the article? 16.4 Brackets: Have you created a hereinafter
nickname correctly for the author of multiple cited works, using brackets, the authors last name and a shortened title? 4.2(b) Brackets: Have you placed
hereinafter in plain type followed by the author and title in the same typeface(s) as the full citation? 4.2(b) Brackets: Have you ended the citation sentence
with a period outside the close bracket? 1.1 Check general format, spelling, spacing, and punctuation.



Incorrect Citation: Palsgraf, 162 N.E. at 99
Hints: Party 1: Have you remembered not to use a short form when a citation to that source has not appeared in the preceding five
footnotes? 10.9(a) Party 1: Have you remembered not to italicize the party name in a full citation? 2.1(a) & 10.2 Party 2: Have you
remembered not to italicize the party name in a full citation? 2.1(a) & 10.2 Party 2: Have you abbreviated any word listed in T6?
10.2.2 Party 2: Have you omitted repetitive business firm designations? 10.2.1(h) Reporter: Have you given the volume number of
the reporter before the reporter abbreviation? 10.3.2 Reporter: Have you properly abbreviated the appropriate reporter? 10.3.2 &
T1.3 New York Reporter: Have you followed the reporter abbreviation with the cases initial page number? 10.3.2 Pinpoint: Have you
included a correct pinpoint reference, preceded by a comma but without the word at? 3.2 Parenthetical: Have you given the proper
state court abbreviation? T1.3 New York Parenthetical: Have you included the year of decision? 10.5(a) Parenthetical: Have you
ended the citation sentence with a period outside the close parenthesis? 1.1 Check general format, spelling, spacing, and punctuation.


Incorrect Citation: Lucinda M. Finley, The Hidden Victims of Tort
Reform: Women, Children, and the Elderly, 53 Emory L.J., 1263
(1998) [hereinafter Hidden Victims].
Correct Citation: Lucinda M. Finley, The Hidden Victims of Tort
Reform: Women, Children, and the Elderly, 53 Emory L.J. 1263
(1998) [hereinafter Finley, Hidden Victims].
Hints: Periodical: Have you included the volume number before the
periodical name? 16.4 Periodical: Have you included the correct
abbreviation for the periodical, in large and small caps? 16.4 &
T13 Periodical: Have you correctly spaced the periodical
abbreviation? 6.1(a) & T13 Periodical: Have you included the
beginning page number of the article? 16.4 Brackets: Have you
created a hereinafter nickname correctly for the author of multiple
cited works, using brackets, the authors last name and a shortened
title? 4.2(b) Brackets: Have you placed hereinafter in plain type
followed by the author and title in the same typeface(s) as the full
citation? 4.2(b) Brackets: Have you ended the citation sentence with
a period outside the close bracket? 1.1 Check general format,
spelling, spacing, and punctuation.

Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co., 162 N.E. 99, 100 (1928).
Hints: Party 2: Have you remembered not to italicize the party name
in a full citation? 2.1(a) & 10.2 Party 2: Have you abbreviated any
word listed in T6? 10.2.2 Party 2: Have you omitted repetitive
business firm designations? 10.2.1(h) Parenthetical: Have you given
the proper state court abbreviation? T1.3 New York Parenthetical:
Have you included the year of decision? 10.5(a) Parenthetical: Have
you ended the citation sentence with a period outside the close
parenthesis? 1.1 Check general format, spelling, spacing, and
punctuation.



Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co., 162 N.E. 99, 100 (1928).
Hints: Party 2: Have you remembered not to italicize the party name in a full citation? 2.1(a) & 10.2 Party 2: Have you abbreviated any
word listed in T6? 10.2.2 Party 2: Have you omitted repetitive business firm designations? 10.2.1(h) Parenthetical: Have you given the
proper state court abbreviation? T1.3 New York Parenthetical: Have you included the year of decision? 10.5(a) Parenthetical: Have you
ended the citation sentence with a period outside the close parenthesis? 1.1 Check general format, spelling, spacing, and punctuation.



4) In a later footnote, you wish to refer back to the Finley article in your footnote twenty-four and direct your reader to pages 1270
through 1272. [For your reference, the text of Problem 3 is: In your article you will be referring to several articles by Lucinda M. Finley.
The first article was published in 1998 and is entitled The Hidden Victims of Tort Reform: Women, Children, and the Elderly. It
appears in volume 53 of the Emory Law Journal, beginning on page 1263. You know that you will be citing this article numerous times,
as well as other articles by Professor Finley. To distinguish this article from the others, you want to refer to it as Hidden Victims.
Create a first citation for this article, including a hereinafter nickname, for use in your footnote twenty-four.]
Incorrect Citation: Hidden Victims, supra note 24, at 1270-72.
Hints: Author: Have you included the authors last name, in plain type, followed by a comma? 4.2(a) & 2.1(c) Title: Have you
included the shortened title that, in your earlier footnote, you designated as part of the nickname, followed by a comma? 4.2(b) Title:
Have you italicized the shortened title but not the comma following it? 4.2(b) & 2.1(f) Reporter: Have you formulated a correct
reference to an earlier footnote, using the word supra, in italics, spelling out the word note (not in italics) and including the
footnote number in which the full citation original appeared? 4.2 Check general format, spelling, spacing, and punctuation.



Colo. Rev. Stat. Ann. 13-21-403.

9) Two footnotes later, you wish to cite this Colorado provision again. Create the later citation. For your reference, the text of
Problem 8 is: A few pages earlier in your academic article, you cited a Colorado statute, section 13-21-403, from the West code,
published in a main volume in 2005. Now, after many intervening cites and twelve footnotes, you wish to cite the statute section again.
Create the later citation.
Incorrect Citation: Colo. Rev. Stat. Ann. 13-21-403.
Hints: Short Form: Have you formulated a correct short form for a statute and not used id. or supra forms? 12.10 & 4.2 Short
Form: Have you placed a space between the section symbol and the section number? 6.2(c) & T1.3 Colorado Short Form: Have you
ended the citation sentence with a period? 1.1 Adjacent spaces were detected in the solution. The symbol ^ shows where adjacent
spaces were detected in the solution. In the Solution textbox, delete the extra space. Check general format, spelling, spacing, and
punctuation.



Carnegie Found. for the Advancement of Teaching, Educating Lawyers: Preparation for the Profession of Law (William M. Sullivan et al., 2007) [hereinafter, Carnegie
Report].
Hints: Author: Have you included the full name of the institutional author, in large and small caps, followed by a comma? 15.1(c) Parenthetical: Have you included the
full name of the first listed editor, followed by et al. eds., where including all the editors names would be cumbersome? 15.2(a) & 15.1(b) Parenthetical: Have you
included the correct date of publication? 15.4(a)(i) Brackets: Have you created a hereinafter nickname based on a shortened form of the title to avoid cumbersome
supra forms later? 4.2(b) Brackets: Have you put hereinafter in plain type and the shortened title in the same typeface as the full citation? 4.2(b) Brackets: Have you
ended the citation sentence with a period outside the close bracket? 1.1 Check general format, spelling, spacing, and punctuation.